Infrared quantum cutting conversion luminescence of Tb(0.7)Yb(3):FOV

The infrared quantum cutting of oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics Tb(0.7)Yb(3):FOV has been studied in the present paper. The actual quantum cutting efficiency formula calculated from integral fluorescence intensity is extended to the case of Tb(0.7)Yb(3):FOV. The visible and the infrared fluorescence spectra and their integral fluorescence intensities are measured from static fluorescence experiment. Lifetime curve is measured from dynamic fluorescence experiment. It is found that the total actual quantum cutting efficiency η of the excited ⁵D₄ level is about 93.7%, and that of excited (⁵D₃, ⁵G₆) levels is 93.5%. It is also found that the total theoretical quantum cutting efficiency upper limit η_x%Yb of the 485.5 nm excited <⁵D₄ level is about 121.7%, and that of 378.5 nm excited (⁵D₃, ⁵G₆) levels is 137.2%.     

Influences of Mg^2＋ ion on dopant occupancy and upconversion luminescence of Ho^3＋ ion in LiNbO3 crystal

The effects of a Mg^2＋ ion on the dopant occupancy and upconversion luminescence of a Ho^3＋ ion in LiNbO3 crystal are reported. The birefringence gradient of the crystal is measured to investigate the optical homogeneity. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum and the upconversion luminescence are used to investigate defect structure and spectroscopic properties of Mg,Ho：LiNbO3. Under 808-nm excitation, blue, red, and very intense yellow-green bands are observed. Based on the energy levels of Ho^3＋ in LiNbO3, and the pump intensity dependence of the observed emission, an excitation scheme is presented. The upconversion emission spectra reveal an enhancement of upconversion intensity when the Mg^2＋ ions are introduced into Ho：LiNbO3. The main upconversion mechanism is discussed in this work.     

Red Up-Conversion Luminescence Process in Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Doped with Er^3＋／Yb^3＋

The phonon-assisted quantum cutting (PQC) model is presumed to clarify the red up-conversion luminescence process in Er^3 /yb^3 co-doped glass ceramics by the excitation and emission spectra. The red up-conversion luminescence of Er^3 ions mainly comes from three-photon absorption by the PQC process when the rare earth ions are doped in the g/ass ceramics and excited by 98Ohm pumped-laser. Er^3 ions absorb three-photons and relax to the ^4G11/2 state and then emit red up-conversion luminescence by the PQC process. The factor coefficient for the relation of pump-laser power and up-conversion intensity (P-I) is found by the analysis of excitation spectra of the red luminescence, which plays a major role to understand the true red up-conversion luminescence process. The new P-I relation is explained by the model of PQC.     

Up-conversion photoluminescence characteristics of Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses

Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses are prepared.Their strong up-conversion photoluminescence spectra in a range from ultra-violet to near-infrared,which are excited by a 978-nm laser diode,are measured,and the mechanisms of energy transfer among Yb3+,Er3+ and Tm3+ ions are discussed.The results show that there is an unexpected wavelength at 900-nm emission from Yb3+ Stark splitting levels to pump Tm3+ ions and there exists an optimum pump power.The concentration of the Tm3+ dopant gives rise to a prominent effect on the intensity of visible and near-infrared emissions for the Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses.     

Sommerfeld＇s Quantum Condition of Action and the Spectra of Quantum Schwarzschild Black Hole

If the situation of quantum gravity nowadays is nearly the same as that of quantum mechanics in its early time of Bohr and Sommerfeld, then a first-step study of the quantum gravity under Sommerfeld‘s quantum condition of action might be helpful. We present the spectra of quantum Schwarzschild black hole in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. It is found that the quantum of area is 8π/3 lp^2, the quantum of entropy is 2π/4kB, and the Hawking evaporation will cease when the black hole reaches the ground state m=1/2√3mp.     

Effects of charge compensation on red emission in CaYAl3OT7：Eu3＋ phosphor

Monovalent ions Li＋, Na＋, and K＋, as charge compensators, are introduced into CaYA1307： M （M = Eu3＋, Ce~＋） in this letter. Their crystal phases and photoluminescence properties of different alkali metal ions doped in CaYA1307 are investigated. In addition, the influence of charge compensation ion Li＋ which has a more obvious role in improving luminescence intensity on CaYA1307： Eu3＋ phosphor is intentionally discussed in detail and a possible mechanism of charge compensation is given. The enhancement of red emission centered at 618 nm belonging to Eu3＋ is achieved by adding alkali metal ion Li＋ under 393-nm excitation.     

Er3＋ ion concentration effect on transient and steady-state behavior in Er3＋ ：YAG crystal

The effect of Er3＋ ion concentration on transient and steady-state behavior in 45-nm Er3＋ ：YAG crystal is investigated. It is shown that by changing the signal field, the coherent field and the concentration of Er3＋ ions in the crystal, the absorption, dispersion, and group index of the weak probe field can be adjusted. Also, it is found that the probe absorption occurs in the presence of population inversion and probe amplification is obtained in the absence of population inversion.     

VUV/UV/X-Ray Excited Luminescent Properties of Eu^3＋ and Pr^3＋ Doped BiSbO4

Absorption spectra of BiSbO4 are studied. The electronic structure calculated by the DFT shows that BiSbO4 is a semiconductor, with direct band gap 2.96 eV, which is consistent with UV-visible diffuse reflectance experiment. The host lattice emission band is located at 440 nm under VUV excitation. Eu^3＋ and Pr^3＋ doped samples have high luminescence efficiency in emitting red and green light, respectively. From the partial density of states, Eu^3＋ doped emitting spectrum, and the host crystal structure parameters, the relationship between structure and optical properties is discussed. It is found that the Eu^3＋ ions occupied Bi^3＋ sites, and there could be an energy transfer from Bi^3＋ ions to RE^3＋ ions.     

Bipolarons in Organic Electroluminescence

We investigate the bipolaron channel B＋＋ ＋ B-- → BX. The dynamical evolutions and transition probabilities of this bipolaron luminescence channel are studied. It is found that this channel avoids the triplet and is able to enhance the efficiency. We suggest that choosing certain polymers and injection structures, in which B is easily formed, can improve the luminescence efficiency. It is believed that these results will motivate further experimental studies about the function of bipolarons in electroluminescence.     

Synthesis and characterization of Sr3Al2O6：Eu2＋, Dy3＋ phosphors prepared by sol-gel-combustion processing

A type of red luminescent Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor powder is synthesised by sol-gel-combustion processing, with metal nitrates used as the source of metal ions and citric acid as a chelating agent of metal ions. By tracing the formation process of the sol-gel, it is found that it is necessary to reduce the amount of NO3- by dropping ethanol into the solution for forming a stable and homogeneous sol-gel. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimeter Analysis, x-ray diffractionmeter, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the luminescent properties of the as-synthesised Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+. The results reveal that the Sr3Al2O6 crystallises completely when the combustion ash is sintered at 1250 C. The excitation and the emission spectra indicate that the excitation broadband lies mainly in a visible range and the phosphors emit a strong light at 618 nm under the excitation of 472 nm. The afterglow of (Sr0.94Eu0.03Dy0.03)3Al2O6 phosphors sintered at 1250 ℃ lasts for over 1000 s when the excited source is cut off.     

铌酸钇里Bi~(3+)敏化Tm~(3+)的近红外量子剪裁发光的浓度效应

寻找新能源为全球目前面临着的重要课题,其中最理想的新能源为太阳能。近红外量子剪裁发光方法可以把硅或锗太阳能电池响应不够灵敏的大能量光子成倍的转换成为太阳能电池响应灵敏的小能量光子,能够解决光谱失配的问题,较大幅度的提高太阳能电池的效率。很有意义。报道了掺Tm~(3+)Bi~(3+)的铌酸钇磷光粉样品材料的近红外量子剪裁发光的浓度效应。通过测量激发谱与发光谱,发现Tm_(0.058)Bi_(0.010)Y_(0.932)NbO_4有很强的1 820.0 nm近红外量子剪裁发光;进一步的分析发现,它们是由交叉能量传递过程导致的多光子量子剪裁发光;还发现了有着很强的Bi~(3+)对Tm~(3+)的敏化近红外量子剪裁发光,302.0 nm光激发导致的Tm_(0.058)Bi_(0.010)Y_(0.932)NbO_4相对Tm_(0.058)Y_(0.995)NbO_4的1820.0 nm近红外量子剪裁发光的增强达到175.5倍。该结果对探索多光子近红外量子剪裁锗太阳能电池比较有意义。     

Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉的近红外量子剪裁效应

硅材料带隙与太阳光子光谱的失配导致了比较严重的光子损失,大大降低了硅太阳能电池的效率。为了减少入射光子的损失,可以利用具有近红外量子剪裁效应的光谱转换材料来提高硅太阳能电池的效率。本研究采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉,并研究了其近红外量子剪裁效应。实验结果表明:在320 nm的紫外光激发下,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉发射出Tb~(3+):5D4→~7F_j的可见光;另外,由于Tb~(3+)、Yb~(3+)离子之间的合作能量传递,得到了Yb~(3+):~7F_(5/2)→7F7/2的近红外发光。荧光寿命衰减证明Tb~(3+)到Yb~(3+)之间的确存在合作能量传递,而且存在量子剪裁效应,其中,能量传递效率为35.9%,量子剪裁效率为135.9%。由于Yb~(3+)的发射光谱与硅太阳能电池的吸收匹配,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉有可能作为潜在的光谱转换材料应用于硅太阳能电池以提高其光电转换效率。     

Tb3+掺杂Y2O3纳米晶体中Tb3+离子4f5d跃迁及能量传递的研究

采用燃烧法制备了不同Tb3 掺杂浓度和不同粒径的Y2O3:Tb纳米晶体粉末样品,并通过高温退火获得了相应Tb3 掺杂浓度的体材料样品。测量了纳米和体材料样品的发射光谱、激发光谱、X射线衍射谱和荧光衰减曲线,并拍摄了不同粒径样品的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。研究纳米Y2O3∶Tb晶体粉末中Tb3 离子的4f5d跃迁发现,由于在近表面的低结晶度环境和颗粒内部的高结晶度环境中Tb3 离子4f5d跃迁对应的激发峰位置不同,不同粒径样品中处于这两种环境的Tb3 离子比例也不同,激发谱的谱线形状存在较大差别,还对Tb3 离子的能量传递进行了研究,发现Y2O3∶Tb晶体粉末中Tb3 的(5D3,7F6)→(5D4,7F0)能量传递类型为受纳米限域效应影响很大的电偶极电偶极相互作用;引起5D4→7F5(543nm)发光浓度猝灭的是不同Tb3 离子5D4能级之间交换相互类型的能量传递,此类型的能量传递受纳米限域效应影响较小。     

RVNb2O9(R=Y,Gd, La)：Eu3+(或Dy3+)的合成和光谱性质的研究

本文用R2O3(R=Y,Gd,La),V2O6,Nb2O5和高温固相反应法合成了复合钒铌酸盐RVMb2O3,并以此为基质研究了Eu3+和Dy3+在其中的光谱性质.实验表明,Eu3+在这三个化合物中均处于偏离反演对称中心的格位上,Eu3+的荧光强度的红/横比(R/O)和Dy3+的黄/蓝比(Y/B)均随R3+的电荷半径比的减小而下降.同时还研究了Bi3+和温度对Dy3+的发射强度的影响.     

Dy3+和Ce3+共掺Y3Al5O12荧光粉的制备及发光性质

用高温固相法制备了YAG:5%Dy^3+以及(Ce 0.01 Dy y Y 0.99-y)3A15O12(y=0%,1%,3%,5%,7%,9%)荧光粉。XRD结果表明,NH 4Cl、LiCl、H3BO3三种助熔剂比较,添加H3BO3可有效降低YAG晶体的结晶温度,有效阻止中间相YAlO 3的形成。H3BO3做助熔剂在1450℃煅烧6 h制备的Dy^3+和Ce^3+掺杂Y 3Al 5O 12荧光粉具有单一YAG立方相结构,且随Dy^3+掺杂浓度增加,(420)衍射峰逐渐向小角度偏移。在583 nm监测下;与单掺1%Ce^3+样品比较,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺样品在342 nm处的吸收均减弱;与单掺5%Dy^3+样品比较,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺样品在351 nm处的吸收明显增强。351 nm激发下,随Dy^3+掺杂浓度增加,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺样品中Ce^3+在526 nm处的发射强度逐渐减小,而在583 nm处的发射强度先增加后减弱,这说明351 nm激发下,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺样品中存在Ce^3+向Dy^3+的部分能量传递。465 nm激发下,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺杂样品中只出现Ce^3+的发射峰,且随Dy^3+浓度增加,Ce^3+发光减弱。当Dy^3+离子浓度为3%时,Ce^3+与Dy^3+共掺样品中Dy^3+相对光强达到最大,此时Ce^3+→Dy^3+能量传递效率为15.7%。405 nm激发下,随Dy^3+掺杂浓度增加,合成粉体中Ce^3+的寿命逐渐减小。经计算,Ce^3+→Dy^3+能量传递临界距离为3.464 nm,为电四极-电四极相互作用的共振能量传递。     

Structure of liquid Y3Al5O12 (YAG)

The total structure factor S(Q) and the radial distribution function G(r) of liquid Y3Al5O12 (YAG) were measured at 1770-2230 K by x-ray scattering from samples under containerless conditions in Ar and O2. Nominal coordination numbers are 4 for Al3+ and 6 for Y3+ ions. The G(r) has peaks at r approximately 1.8 A for Al-O, r approximately 2. 25 A for Y-O, and r approximately 3.3-3.6 A assigned to metal ions in adjacent AlO5-4 and YO9-6 polyhedral ions. Relative to the pure oxides, G(r) for molten YAG has smaller half-widths for the Al-O and Y-O peaks, and an increased sensitivity to temperature and the ambient gas composition.     

Ca3Al2M3O12（M=Si,Ge）石榴石中Ce^3＋离子的荧光光谱

本文研究了Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｍ３Ｏ１２（Ｍ＝Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）石榴石中Ｇｅ＾３＋离子的荧光光谱。在这两种石榴石中，Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射光谱均为Ｃｅ＾３＋的５ｄ→４ｆ能级跃迁发射宽谱带，但有很大差异。在锗酸盐中，Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射强度很弱，而在硅酸盐中发射强，２９５和７７Ｋ下在Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ１２中Ｃｅ＾３＋的荧光寿命分别为４６和４９ｎｓ。Ｇｄ＾３＋和助溶剂的引入可提高Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射强度。     

Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer in Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+) nanophosphors

The photoluminescence(PL) properties of Y2O3:Eu3+nanophosphors were systematically investigated with the goal of improving the color quality and quantum efficiency of Y2O3:Eu3+nanophosphors for potential applications in nanoscale devices. The emission spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence decay curves were employed to trace the energy transfer process from Eu3+at C3isite to Eu3+at C2site. The experimental results show that the energy transfer process becomes more and more efficient with the increase in the Eu3+concentration. The emission of Eu3+at C2site is favorable because it has high radiative efficiency and better color quality. The successful suppress of the emission Eu3+at C3iis especially important for its applications in general illumination or display technology. The quantum efficiency and color quality of Y2O3:Eu3+can be improved by controlling the energy transfer between the Eu3+at S6site and Eu3+at C2site.     

Effect of H_3BO_3 on the phase stability and long persistence properties of Sr_(3.96)Al_(14)O_(25):Eu_(0.01)~(2+), Dy_(0.02)~(3+) phosphor

Sr3.96Al14O25:Eu2+ ,Dy3+ long persistent materials with different weights of H3BO3 prepared by the high temperature solid-state reaction method were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and thermoluminescence (TL). The results of XRD indicate that the 3% addition of H3BO3 favorable for the formation of pure phase Sr4Al14O25 , and SrAl12O19 was generated when there is a low content or high content of H3BO3 . The average grain sizes of samples grow bigger with an increase of H3BO3 . PL spectra show that the emission peak does not shift evidently and the emission intensity changes little, indicating that the different amount of H3BO3 has little influence on the crystal field. The decay characteristics and TL measurement show that H3BO3 affects the afterglow properties of Sr3.96Al14O25 :Eu2+ ,Dy3+ , because the increasing H3BO3 leads to more defects in the Sr4Al14O25 matrix.     

用于GaAs太阳能电池的NaYF4中Tb3+-Er3+耦合对的光谱转换

观测到一种以Tb³⁺-Er³⁺进行光谱转换的量子剪裁现象。一个高能紫外光子(Tb³⁺的⁷F₆→⁵L₁)被量子剪裁成两个低能光子:一个是近红外光子(Er³⁺的⁴I_9/2→⁴I_15/2),另一个是蓝色光子(Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₆),它们两个 都可以被GaAs太阳能电池有效地吸收。量子剪裁效率高达188%,接近理论极限的200%。从Tb³⁺(⁵L₁→ ⁵D₄) 到Er³⁺(⁴I_15/2→⁴I_9/2)的能量传递的能量失配是237 cm^-1,比NaYF₄中的声子能400 cm^-1小,能量传递是近共振的。Tb³⁺施主间的能量迁移可以近似地用扩散模型处理, 从Tb³⁺-Er³⁺对之间能量传递的初始过程发现,偶极-偶极相互作用占主导地位。