碳纳米管的表面修饰及FTIR,Raman和XPS光谱表征

用红外、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了水热条件下碳纳米管在不同氧化剂中的表面修饰过程。结果表明水热条件下可以成功地实现碳纳米管的表面修饰,而且,通过控制反应条件可以改变反应产物中官能团的种类和数量。     

硼砂饱和溶液的差示FTIR光谱和Raman光谱分析

记录了硼砂饱和溶液的差示FTIR光谱和Raman光谱 ,分别对其FTIR吸收波数和Raman位移进行了归属。该溶液中硼的存在形式有H3 BO3 ,B(OH) -4,B3 O3 (OH) 2 -5,B4O5(OH) 2 -4等。提出了硼砂饱和溶液中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式及其与析出Na2 B4O7·10H2 O固相的关系。     

PLE spectra analysis of the sub-structure in the absorption spectra of CdSeS quantum dots

The semiconductor CdSeS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in glass are analysed by means of absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra. The peaks of absorption spectra shift to lower energies with the size of QD increasing, which obviously shows a quantum-size effect. Using the PLE spectra, the physical origin of the lowest absorption peak is analysed. In PLE spectra, the lowest absorption peak can be deconvoluted into two peaks that stem from the transitions of 1S_3/2--1S_e and 2S_3/2--1S_e respectively. The measured energy difference between the two peaks is found to decrease with the size of QD increasing, which agrees well with the theoretical calculation for the two transitions. The luminescence peak of defect states is also analysed by PLE spectra. Two transitions are present in the PLE, which indicates that the transitions of 1S_3/2--1S_e and 2S_3/2--1S_e are responsible for the defect states luminescence.     

ZnO单晶的微区光致发光特性研究

ZnO单晶材料以其优良的综合性能在光电子器件方面掀起了研究热潮,因此对ZnO单晶的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。采用激光辐照的方式,对ZnO单晶进行了光致发光(photoluminescence, PL)光谱实验,分析研究了ZnO单晶在不同温度(低温)和不同激光能量强度照射下其光致发光特性。研究结果表明,ZnO单晶内存在少量杂质及表面氧缺陷,这些结构对其发光特性有一定的影响;在低温条件下,ZnO单晶具有良好的发光特性,且随着温度的提高,发光光谱峰的位置会向长波长方向移动,但强度会减小;当激光光源的强度增大,ZnO单晶的PL发射光谱的强度也会随之增大,且峰的位置和相对强度不变。结合拉曼(Raman)光谱实验,从分子及原子振动、转动类型验证了纤锌矿ZnO单晶的六方晶系结构;配合X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)技术,得出ZnO单晶良好的结晶特性以及晶轴取向。     

稀土与丙氨酸、咪唑三元配合物的FTIR和UV/VIS光谱

用氯化稀土(La,Pr,Eu)与α-丙氨酸、咪唑固体混配体配合物以及对应稀土盐、配体α-氨基酸和咪唑进行了FTIR光谱和固体UV/VIS、水溶液UV/VIS光谱测试,分析了配合物的光谱特性,讨论了配体和Ln(Ⅲ)离子配位方式与配合物光谱的关系.     

线性扫频光脉冲功率谱的理论分析

本文给出了线性扫频(啁啾)的高斯型光脉冲的功率谱表达式,它等效于有调制的、脉宽压窄的无啁啾光脉冲的功率谱.理论分析表明:啁啾可由脉冲的功率谱并借助强度自相关方法确定.     

纳米TiO_2薄膜的带宽研究(英文)

利用磁控溅射方法制备了纳米TiO2 薄膜,通过Raman光谱和UV Vis光谱讨论了TiO2 薄膜的带宽随着厚度变化的规律。随着薄膜厚度的增加,TiO2 薄膜的带宽变窄,这是由于纳米薄膜的纳米效应所致     

Nd:Y3Al5O12单晶及纳米粉体的Raman光谱分析

测量了YAG(Y3Al5O12)/Nd:YAG单晶、Nd:YAG前驱物及其在不同温度下煅烧获得粉体的拉曼光谱,对谱峰的振动模式进行了指认,对结果进行了分析.Nd:YAG前驱物在煅烧时,有一个由非晶态向晶态的转化过程;700℃下烧结前驱物获得非晶态产物的结构中含有AlO4四面体结构;随着煅烧温度的升高,拉曼光谱的变化主要表现在两个方面:一是谱峰半高宽(FWHM)减小,谱峰强度增大;二是一些拉曼光谱谱峰发生了频移,这是纳米多晶粉体的界面组元的有序度提高所致.另外,800℃下煅烧获得的Nd:YAG纳米粉体的品格振动模式与Nd:YAG晶体的晶格振动模式存在差异,这是纳米多晶粉体的界面组元的贡献所致.     

振动光谱法研究γ-球蛋白同银(I)离子的作用

用Ｒａｍａｎ和ＦＴＩＲ光谱法研究了γ－球蛋白同银（Ｉ）离子的相互作用。结果表明，γ－球蛋白表面的氨基酸残基可同银（Ｉ）离子反应，生成２或４配位的物种，其振动光谱在酰胺带区域呈现明显差异。研究了在恒定的加热温度下不同反应时间对振动Ｒａｍａｎ光谱的影响。结果表明，Ｒａｍａｎ光谱强度在１５ｍｉｎ左右有最大值，当时间超过１５ｍｉｎ后，物种中的银离子被还原为单质银     

Photonic nanojet‐mediated SERS technique for enhancing the Raman scattering of a few molecules

We report a two‐step enhancement of Raman scattering signal (η) of a few dye molecules. In the first step, high‐quality surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been used. The SERS substrates were fabricated by direct current sputtering of Au followed by thermal annealing. The role of thermal annealing of the SERS substrates and numerical aperture of Raman microscopic objective lens on the enhancement has been studied for optimizing the enhancement in the SERS technique. In the second step, the value of η obtained with conventional SERS technique has been improved significantly with the help of photonic nanojet (PNJ) of an optical microsphere (PNJ‐mediated SERS technique). The signal to noise ratio and reproducibility of the experimental results have been found to be very high. Based on our theoretical simulations on PNJ, a few suitable parameters have been proposed for obtaining better enhancement using this technique. To the best of our belief, this report will enable the SERS community to improve η value with ease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

苯丙氨酸银溶胶表面增强拉曼光谱的研究

研究了银溶胶与L-苯丙氨酸溶液体系的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),增强效果明显,L-苯丙氨酸在银溶胶中的SERS光谱与苯丙氨酸固体常规拉曼光谱相比,主要峰位置基本一致,但某些峰发生了频移,相对强度也发生了一定变化。探讨了三种不同的激发光源对SERS光谱强度的影响。用不同光源测定,其SERS光谱图中各峰位置基本不变,但峰强度有明显变化。在实际工作中应根据需要选择合适的光源,一般情况下以514.42 nm为佳。不同浓度的苯丙氨酸在银溶胶中产生的表面增强拉曼光谱有明显的差别,浓度太大或太小都不利于SERS光谱的产生,溶液浓度在1×10-3mol·L-1时SERS最强,增强效果最好。体系的pH对增强效应亦有较大的影响,在pH为8时增强效应最强,这是pH对银溶胶的凝聚状态和苯丙氨酸分子存在状态综合影响的结果。     

Novel highly sensitive Cu‐based SERS platforms for biosensing applications

Novel surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platforms have been prepared and used for the bacteria detection. Unlike typical, expensive SERS platforms prepared from gold or silver, the presented platforms are prepared using copper. A new, simple, cost‐efficient and fast high pressure method is used for platform fabrication, through the decomposition of copper hydride. The platform enhancement factors are verified using the malachite green isothiocyanate as a standard. The platforms exhibit extremely high SERS enhancement factors depending on pressure used for their preparation. The calculated enhancement factors have been found in the range between 1.5 × 10⁶ and 4.6 × 10⁷. The SERS spectra reproducibility is established both across a single platform and among different platforms. The average spectral correlation coefficient (Γ) has been calculated to be 0.82. Fully characterized SERS platforms have then been used for detecting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These novel platforms have great potential to become excellent tools for biological or medical diagnostics as an alternative to more common silver or gold SERS platforms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Engineering of SERS Substrates Based on Noble Metal Nanomaterials for Chemical and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted great interest due to its remarkable enhancement, excellent sensitivity, and the “fingerprinting” ability to produce distinct spectra for detecting various molecules. Noble metal nanomaterials have usually been employed as SERS-active substrates because of their strong SERS enhancement originated from their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties. Because the SPR property depends on metal material's size, shape, morphology, arrangement, and dielectric environment around metal nanostructures, the key to wider applications of SERS technique is to develop plasmon-resonant structures with novel geometries to enhance Raman signals and to control the periodic ordering of these structures over a large area to obtain reproducible Raman enhancement. This review presents a general view on the theory background of SERS effect and several basic concepts and focuses on recent progress in engineering metallic nanostructures with various morphologies using versatile methods for improving SERS properties. Their potential applications in the field of chemical detection and biological sensing are overviewed.     

Spectral characterization and intracellular detection of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)‐encoded plasmonic gold nanostars

Plasmonic gold nanostars offer a new platform for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, due to the presence of organic surfactant on the nanoparticles, SERS characterization and application of nanostar ensembles in solution have been challenging. Here, we applied our newly developed surfactant‐free nanostars for SERS characterization and application. The SERS enhancement factors (EF) of silver spheres, gold spheres and nanostars of similar sizes and concentration were compared. Under 785 nm excitation, nanostars and silver spheres have similar EF, and both are much stronger than gold spheres. Having plasmon matching the incident energy and multiple ‘hot spots’ on the branches bring forth strong SERS response without the need to aggregate. Intracellular detection of silica‐coated SERS‐encoded nanostars was also demonstrated in breast cancer cells. The non‐aggregated field enhancement makes the gold nanostar ensemble a promising agent for SERS bioapplications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金纳米颗粒阵列基底的化学置换制备及其表面增强拉曼散射特性研究

表面增强拉曼(SERS)作为一种分析手段,具有高灵敏度、高选择性、高重复性、非破坏性等优点,在过去的几十年中,被广泛应用在成分检测、环境科学、生物医药及传感器等领域。其中以金、银等贵金属纳米颗粒薄膜在表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性基底方面得到了更为广泛的应用。SERS技术一个关键的因素是如何制设计并备具有大面积、高增强能力及高重复性、可循环使用的SERS基底。通常,贵金属纳米颗粒规则阵列结构的单元颗粒电磁增强特性及其颗粒间的电磁耦合增强特性的综合作用可大力提升SERS基底的探测性能。然而,利用传统微纳米加工方法如光刻、电子束光刻等方法制备得到的贵金属纳米阵列结构的表面粗糙度不够理想。结合光刻与化学置换方法制备金纳米颗粒四方点阵列孔洞结构,并研究其作为SERS基底的电磁增强特性。具体研究利用光刻法在硅衬底上制备了规则排列的四方点阵列孔洞结构,用磁控溅射在其表面镀上金属铁膜;接着在衬底上旋涂浓度为1.893 8 mol·L-1的氯金酸液膜,在孔洞内铁和氯金酸发生置换反应,进而孔洞生成金纳米颗粒,最终得到金纳米颗粒四方点阵SERS活性基底。采用罗丹明6G(R6G)分子作为探测分子测试不同金纳米颗粒阵列结构基底的SERS谱。实验结果表明,随着化学置换反应时间的延长,金纳米颗粒排列更加紧凑有序,SERS谱增强性能更好。     

SERS study of methylated and nonmethylated ribonucleosides and the effect of aggregating agents

We present surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the RNA nucleosides adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and uracil and the methylated derivatives 5‐methylcytidine and 7‐methylguanosine, a class of important nucleic acid components that has not previously been well characterised using SERS spectroscopy. Our work shows that the selection of aggregating agent plays a crucial role for SERS analysis of these nucleosides with K₂SO₄ generating immediate enhancement while NaCl only gave immediate enhancement for the pyrimidine nucleosides. The SERS spectra contain a number of marker bands that are highly sensitive to structural differences between these nucleosides, in particular methylation, and at lower concentration ranges than are possible for conventional Raman scattering. Finally, spectral analyses and assignments of the vibrational modes responsible for these marker bands are also presented, and the effect of the aggregating agent on these modes is discussed in terms of interactions between each nucleoside and the metal surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of surface morphology on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of 4‐aminobenzenethiol adsorbed on gold substrates

The substrate‐dependent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 4‐aminobenzenethiol (4‐ABT) adsorbed on Au surfaces has been investigated. 4‐ABT is one of the very unique adsorbate molecules whose SERS spectral patterns are known to be noticeably dependent on the relative contribution of chemical enhancement mechanism vs electromagnetic enhancement mechanism. The SERS spectral patterns of 4‐ABT adsorbed on gold substrates with various surface morphology have thus been analyzed in terms of the symmetry types of the vibrational modes. Almost invisibly weak b₂ type vibrational bands were observed in the SERS spectra of the 4‐ABT adsorbed on Au colloidal sol nanoparticles or commercially available Au micro‐powders because of the weak contribution of the chemical enhancement. However, greatly enhanced b₂ vibrational bands were observed in the spectra of the 4‐ABT molecules adsorbed on the synthesized Au(Zn) sponge or the electrochemically roughened Au(ORC) foil caused by the strong contribution of the chemical enhancement mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relation between the photoreaction of p-nitrobenzoic acid onto silver-coated filters and the surface roughness, as detected by SERS and AFM

The SERS of p-nitrobenzoic acid has been first obtained in Ag hydrosol and compared with those deriving from filtration of colloidal silver. The roughness of the Ag-coated filters has been examined by AFM measurements and related to the SERS enhancement. The addition of chloride anions to the colloidal suspension strongly increases the surface roughness of the solid metal substrates and activates the photoreaction of the adsorbate by irradiation with green laser light.     

胸腺嘧啶单体及环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体的表面增强拉曼散射

采用DFT-B3LYP方法,6-311G(d,p)(C,H,O原子)和lanl2dz（Ag原子）基组计算了胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和DNA光损伤产物—环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体（Th2）吸附在Ag纳米粒子上形成复合物的结构和表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）。结果显示, Ag纳米粒子在胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体中最有利的吸附位点是O7位,相比于单个分子,复合物Th-Ag,Th2-Ag的结构和光谱发生了变化。对胸腺嘧啶单体分子,其SERS的增强因子为10,主要由N-H伸缩振动引起;复合物Th2-Ag中, SERS增强了大约18倍,主要由C2=O的伸缩振动引起,此增强机理属于极化率变化产生的静化学增强。