CO32-掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的合成与表征

CO32-掺杂是提高纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)生物活性的有效方法之一。以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O为主要原料,Na2CO3作为CO2-3来源,合成纳米碳羟基磷灰石(n-CHA)晶体。采用TEM,XRD,FTIR,RS对合成晶体形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明:合成的n-HA晶体长度约为60~80nm,宽度在20~30nm之间,形状为针状,具有良好的结晶度,与自然骨磷灰石形貌相似;n-CHA晶体随CO2-3掺入量的增加,结晶度降低;合成的n-CHA晶体的晶胞参数a值随着CO2-3加入量的增大不断收缩,但c值增大,参数比c/a值增大,符合B型取代(取代PO3-4)的晶胞参数变化规律。红外谱图中,872cm-1附近出现AB混合型取代(同时取代OH-,PO3-4)的CO2-3面外弯曲振动特征红外峰,同时CO2-3的不对称伸缩振动红外峰在1 454和1 420cm-1附近出现分裂峰,1 540cm-1附近出现弱CO2-3峰;1 122cm-1附近出现CO2-3对称伸缩振动拉曼峰,1 071cm-1附近出现CO2-3的B型替代特征拉曼峰,通过计算PO3-4,CO2-3,OH-拉曼峰的积分面积比PO3-4/CO2-3,OH-/CO23,PO3-4/OH-,表明CO2-3在替换时,先以B型为主,随着CO2-3掺入量的增加,发生A型替代(取代OH-)。实验结果表明,合成的磷灰石晶体为B型取代(取代PO3-4)为主的AB混合型取代的n-CHA。与人骨磷灰石晶体在形态、尺寸、晶体结构和生长方式上具有相似性,可称为类骨磷灰石。     

Al2O3-P2O5-H2O反应体系产物以及高温产物的光谱特征

以磷酸和氢氧化铝为原料,选取不同工艺合成了系列磷酸铝。用FTIR,XRD,Raman和SEM研究了相关产物阴离子基团的红外图谱变化和三聚磷酸二氢铝的热变化过程的光谱性质以及颗粒形貌的变化。当改变P2O5/Al2O3摩尔比或者缩合温度时,可以看到磷酸根形式H2PO4-,PO34-,H2P3O130-和PO3-的红外光谱特征的变化,P—O键的振动峰随着聚合程度的增加向短波长方向移动,而且峰宽增加。当三聚磷酸二氢铝经高温处理后,拉曼和红外光谱显示了聚合磷酸根中微结构间的相互作用引起P—O键伸缩振动频率增大以及结晶水的变化趋势,随着组成变化的同时,其颗粒的层状结构层厚度增加,层边界趋于模糊,直至呈现熔体状态。     

KDP晶格振动模和生长机制的拉曼光谱研究(英文)

用空间群理论分析和指认了KDP晶体的拉曼活性晶格振动模 ,测量了晶体以及生长溶液的拉曼光谱 ,重点分析了出现在固 /液界面附近的 91 6cm- 1拉曼峰 ,该峰被指认为扭曲的P(OH) 2 集团反对称伸缩振动。依据本文的理论分析和实验测量 ,我们认为H2 PO- 4阴离子集团的二聚物可能是KDP晶体的生长基元。     

湖南郴州铅磷灰石矿物光谱学特征

近期,在湖南郴州市东南15 km柿竹园铅锌矿区黏土层中发现宝石级铅磷灰石标本。因该矿物罕见,且与多种磷酸盐矿物的谱学特征类似,难以鉴别。本文采用常规测试方法结合红外光谱、拉曼光谱、能量色散X射线荧光光谱（EDXRF）和X射线粉末晶体衍射（XRD）分析技术,对该地区的4块铅磷灰石样品的微观结构、元素组成和光谱特征进行了综合测试和对比分析,并将其与鉴定特征类似的磷酸盐矿物进行了简单比较,以探讨该矿物的光谱鉴别特征。常规测试显示,该矿物为半透明黄绿~绿色六方柱微晶簇;晶面呈玻璃~油脂光泽;粒径0.1~0.8 mm,高0.1~1 mm;相对密度为4.487~5.331 g·cm3;白色条痕;Mohs（莫氏）硬度为4。样品的红外指纹光谱主要由磷氧四面体分别位于~1 090~1 010和~589～546 cm-1的伸缩和弯曲振动组成,与氟-铅磷灰石的特征指纹光谱一致。除PO3-₄特征谱带外,部分样品在804~797和843~852 cm-1出现AsO3-₄和CO2-₃振动弱带,可能是结构中的部分PO3-₄被替代所致。拉曼光谱分析显示,样品具有铅磷灰石特有的磷酸根基团位于976/936 cm-1的拉曼位移,402/426/558/586 cm-1系列PO3-₄弯曲振动和170~214 cm-1晶格振动带。此外,820~826 cm-1谱带为(AsO₄)3-特征振动。EDXRF半定性分析显示,样品主要由Ca,Pb,P,和Cl等元素组成,与铅磷灰石（Ca₂Pb₃(PO₄)₃Cl）的主要组成元素一致。XRD主要谱线的2θ角、d值和相对强度分别为10.603/22.351/28.261/31.047°,8.336 5/3.974 4/3.155 3/2.878 2°,59.1/36.4/30.0/100,分别对应100/110/210/ 211面网,与氟-铅磷灰石的衍射d值基本一致。综合样品的相对密度值、振动光谱和XRD数据等分析结果可知,实验样品属于铅磷灰石系列矿物中的氟-铅磷灰石。该工作对国内首次发现的氟-铅磷灰石的多种光谱特征进行了分析,为认识、准确鉴别该类矿物和进一步研究提供参考。     

一种新型钼磷酸盐杂多化合物(NH3CH2CH2NH3)7H2[NaMo12O30(PO4)2(HPO4)5(H2PO4)]·7H2O的合成和光谱研究

本文采用水热反应条件 ,合成得到一种新型的含五价钼原子的杂多化合物 :(NH3CH2 CH2 NH3) 7H2[NaMo1 2 O30 (PO4 ) 2 (HPO4 ) 5(H2 PO4 ) ]·7H2 O ,在晶体结构测定的基础上对其进行红外、拉曼和紫外 可见漫反射光谱研究。结果表明 :较长的Mo(Ⅴ )—O键键长和分子内大量的氢键造成化合物红外光谱特征的红移。     

(H_2dap)_6H[V_(12)B_(16)O_(54)(OH)_4]·12H_2O(dap=1,2-diaminopropane)的水热合成、结构及谱学研究

采用水热合成法合成了一种结构新颖的多硼钒氧簇化合物(H2dap)6H[V12B16O54(OH)4]·12H2O(dap=1,2-diaminopropane),对化合物1进行了单晶X射线衍射,结果表明化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数a=19.027(4),b=16.142(3),c=26.679(5),α=90°,β=101.06(3)°,γ=90°,V=8 042(3)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.962g·cm-3,μ=1.456mm-1,F(000)=4 776,7 635个可观察独立衍射点射点[I2σ(I)],最后结构精修到偏离因子R1=0.0626,wR2=0.192 7,S=1.003。该化合物的结构主要由V12B16簇单元和作为抗衡离子的1,2-丙二胺组成,且簇单元之间通过强氢键N—H…O和弱氢键C—H…O的作用连接成了二维的层状结构,层与层之间也是通过氢键的作用连接成了三维的超分子结构。此外,对化合物1进行了红外光谱、磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱、热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱以及紫外-可见固体漫反射光谱分析的表征,探讨了化合物1的结构与谱学性质的关系。红外光谱表明νas(V—Oμ)反对称伸缩振动吸收峰和νs(V—Oμ)对称伸缩振动吸收峰分别出现在775和683cm-1,而BO3中的ν(B—O)键的振动吸收峰以及BO4四面体中的δ(B—O)的振动吸收峰分别出现在1 350和1 050cm-1,磁微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—O和V—O—V的伸缩振动对于磁场的变化具有敏感的响应峰,热微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—OH,B—O和V—O—V的伸缩振动时热微扰具有敏感的响应峰。     

三例同构稀土/钨氧簇化合物二维红外相关光谱研究

多酸化合物(POMs)是一类重要的多金属氧簇,由过渡金属在其高氧化态(V~Ⅴ, Nb~Ⅴ, Ta~Ⅴ,Mo~Ⅵ,Mo~Ⅴ及W~Ⅵ)与氧桥联的簇阴离子组成。在前人研究基础(H_2en)_2{SiW_(11)O_(39)Sm(H_2O)_2}·(H_3O)·6H_2O之上,改变稀土盐,成功合成了与其同构的三例晶体(H_2en)_2{SiW_(11)O_(39)Ln(H_2O)_2}·(H_3O)·6H_2O[Ln=Ce(1), Pr(2), Nd(3)], X-射线单晶衍射实验测得四者属于三斜晶系,■空间群,晶胞参数一致,表明它们晶体结构相同; X-射线粉末衍射实验显示四者峰位相同,表明物相一致。此类同构的晶体,由于簇阴离子相同,仅取代的稀土离子不同,在许多表征方式上,显示出类似的现象,例如一维红外光谱吸收曲线相似,在1 039, 949, 889和787 cm~(-1)均出现了归属于Keggin簇阴离子骨架的振动吸收,在3 600～3 300和1 600～1 630 cm~(-1)附近均出现ν_(as)(O—H)及δ(O—H)的吸收峰,在3 277, 2 927和2 855 cm~(-1)内均出现了乙二胺配体N—H和C—H伸缩振动峰。但是磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,磁性粒子对磁场响应很敏感,热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,易于捕捉氢键振动模式的细微变化。因此,二维红外光谱可以用于精细测定分子结构,并且此类同构钨氧簇合物的二维红外光谱对比分析还未见报道。磁微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,化合物1在468, 560和810 cm~(-1)出现响应峰,分别归属于ν_(as)(Ce—O),骨架ν(W—O),ν_(as)(W—O_b)。化合物2在450,464和475 cm~(-1)出现ν_(as)(Pr—O), 570和675 cm~(-1)处响应峰归属于骨架ν(W—O)。化合物3在452, 468和472 cm~(-1)处响应峰归属于ν_(as)(Nd—O), 518, 533, 545, 565和695 cm~(-1)响应峰为骨架ν(W—O)。化合物1, 2, 3归属于骨架ν(W—O)的响应峰数目增多,这是由于磁微扰下的二维红外光谱, Ce~(3+), Pr~(3+), Nd~(3+)价电子组态分别为4f~1, 4f~2, 4f~3,价电子数增加,磁性粒子Ln~(3+)对邻近W—O键影响变大。热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱,化合物1, 2, 3均在400 cm~(-1)左右出现了ν_(as)(Ln—O)响应峰, 810, 860和940 cm~(-1)左右均出现了ν_(as)(W—O_b)和ν_(as)(W—O_d)的响应峰,这是由于三个化合物的簇骨架相同,氢键相同。但是化合物1, 2, 3的ν_(as)(W—O)振动响应最强峰分别出现在810, 850和855 cm~(-1),这可能由于取代在簇骨架上的Ln离子极性不同,对邻近W—O键偶极矩产生不同影响。因此通过二维红外光谱,可以很好地对此类同构的稀土取代钨氧簇的异同点进行分析。     

K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的合成及发光性能

以CaCl2、K2B4O7和Nd2O3为原料,采用易于工业化、无污染的水溶液法反应合成碱-碱土金属硼酸盐K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶体,利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、荧光分光度计等现代分析测试手段,对所合成晶体进行了分析和表征.结果表明,所制备的K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶型发育良好、形貌规整.基质本身具有上转换发光特性,K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的发光强度较基质弱.当激发源为828 nm时,材料呈橙红色光.     

偏磷酸根(PO-3)对氟铝酸盐玻璃透光性能影响

在氟铝酸盐玻璃（AMCSBY）中引入Ba(PO3）2替代BaF2,替代公式为10MgF2-20CaF2-(10-x)BaF2-10SrF2-15YF3-35AlF3-xBa(PO3)2(x=,2,4,6,8)。对玻璃进行了差热分析，结果表明，在氟铝酸盐玻璃中引入偏磷酸盐使玻璃形成能力大大提高；测量了玻璃从紫外到红外的透过光谱和紫外吸收光谱，在玻璃中引入偏磷酸钡使玻璃中红外透过能力下降，红外吸收边带移向短波段，玻璃紫外透过能力得到提高。紫外吸收边带移向紫外波段，由于PO3^-的影响，O－H吸收峰由2830nm移到3145nm。     

稀土N，N＇-双（2-吡啶甲酰胺）-1，2-乙烷配合物合成及与DNA的作用

合成了四种N，N＇-双（2-吡啶甲酰胺）-1，2-乙烷（H2L）稀土配合物。经过对元素分析，红外光谱，紫外光谱，热重分析和摩尔电导值的分析，确定配合物的组成为：[Ln（H2L）（NO3）2]（NO3）·3H2O（Ln=Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb）。光谱测试结果表明：配体H2L中酰胺羰基氧和吡啶氮分别与稀土离子配位，硝酸根为双齿配体，Ln（Ⅲ）与H2L形成了1：1的螯合物。另外，通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱方法对Sm配合物与DNA之间的作用进行了初步的研究。实验结果显示随着DNA的加入[Sm（H2L）（NO3）2]（NO3）·3H2O配合物在265m处的紫外吸收峰逐渐减小，并产生红移现象，得到配合物与DNA的结合常数为1．24×10^5.Sm配合物使EB-DNA体系发生荧光猝灭，由于配合物和EB争夺与DNA的结合位点，从而使体系中游离的EB增多。表面增强拉曼光谱峰的变化亦显示随着DNA的加入配合物的谱峰强度减弱，同时1282cm^-1处的谱峰消失，说明配体的吡啶环在一定程度上插入了DNA的双螺旋平面，导致吡啶环的电子云密度发生改变。以上结果表明配合物和DNA发生了显著的作用。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.