弹核碎裂反应中同位旋效应的系统研究

用统计擦碎模型对中能区不同弹靶体系在弹核碎裂反应中的同位旋效应和同位旋标度率现象进行了系统研究. 发现归一的同位素分布峰位差和约化的同位旋标度率参数随(Z_proj－Z)/Z_proj or (N_proj－N)/N_proj呈指数下降, 与反应系统大小无关. 指出约化的同位旋标度率参数可以用来研究中能重离子碰撞中反应系统的激发程度和非对称核物质的状态方程.     

中能重离子碰撞中的碰撞参数研究

在入射能量E为40和100MeV/u时,对¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个反应系统在不同碰撞参数下进行了同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型计算,系统研究了阻塞率、线性动量转移、荷电粒子多重性、轻荷电粒子多重性、中子多重性以及束缚核总电荷Z_bound随碰撞参数的变化规律,结果表明,中子多重性对碰撞参数的依赖在两个能量下都存在着明显的同位旋效应,Z_bound在E为40MeV/u时存在着同位旋效应.同时讨论了在较低和较高能量时如何更合理地确定反应事件的碰撞参数.     

非完全熔合碎裂模型与核液气相变

用非完全熔合碎裂模型来分析600MeV/u Au+Au反应中弹剩余核的多重碎裂现象.理论计算得到的弹剩余核质量数、激发能及热力学温度与实验数据基本一致,很好地解释了Au+Au反应中热力学温度随第核子激发能变化而出现的回弯现象,使衰变模式相变和液气相变统一起来.     

中能12C+197Au产物中Ir的同位素分布观测

以¹²C(47MeV/u)+¹⁹⁷Au靶,通过化学分离及γ谱学方法获得了Ir和Pt同位素产额. 用测到的Pt累积产额对相应Ir同位素做了照射期内母体衰变修正,从而获得了很好的Ir同位素分布. 讨论了A>170丰中子核产生截面、截面的Q_gg系统性和剩余激发能的问题.     

46.7MeV/u 12C引起的弹核碎裂反应

测量了46.7MeV/u ¹²C束流轰击不同靶核的核反应中前方向出射的类弹碎片,发现弹核碎裂产物的最可几能量可用Abrasion图象来解释.它们的平行动量分布宽度满足Goldhaber关系式,实验中提取的约化平行动量分布宽度σ₀=80±10MeV/c,接近于相对论情形下的值,并且σ₀对于不同的反应系统有相近的值.     

46.7MeV/u 12C引起的核反应中碎裂与转移的竞争

本文讨论了46.7MeV/u ¹²C引起的核反应中弹核碎裂与转移反应的共存及相互竞争,实验中提取的转移部分的约化平行动量分布宽度为44±10MeV/c,这比弹核碎裂部分的σ₀=80±10MeV/c要窄.弹核碎裂及转移反应发生的几率都与被转移结团的结构有关.     

核电荷半径的同位旋相关性及其微观诠释

原子核电荷半径R_c所有的实验数据都表明, R_c系统偏离A^1/3律, 即随A增大R_c/A^1/3系统地递减, 而R_c/Z^1/3则比较接近于一个常量. 原子核巨单极共振能量E_x ∝ R^－1的大量实验数据也支持这一结论. 根本原因在于A^1/3律与同位旋无关, 而Z^1/3律已部分反映了同位旋的影响. 基于壳模型, 给出了Z^1/3律的微观诠释. 壳模型中质子和中子谐振子势强度参数ω_p和ω_n的差异, 可以用Z^1/3律说明. 基于与Wigner的原子核同位旋多重态质量公式(IMME)相似的理论考虑, 提出了核电荷半径改进的Z^1/3律.     

82.7MeV 16O+27Al碰撞中类弹碎片和发射α粒子的符合测量

在82.7MeV ¹⁶O+²⁷Al反应的类弹碎片和发射α粒子的符合测量中, 得到了在速度平面上的类弹碎片C和α粒子符合的伽利略协变截面的等高图和符合关联角分布. 测到的关联α粒子在正角度区(与类弹产物在束流的同侧)主要来源于类弹发射; 在负大角区主要来源于类靶发射; 在负小角区主要是弹核¹⁶O碎裂的贡献. 提出了弹核碎裂后的余核在靶核作用下继续进行阻尼碰撞的反应机制的可能性. 同时也确定了单举DIC测量时强的碳碎片产额中, 来自DIC激发的¹⁶O发射α粒子的余核¹²C的贡献并不大.     

35MeV/u 40Ar+197Au反应中热核的碎裂密度

许多提取核反应过程中熵产生的方法只适用于高能核反应过程,而约化d的产额方法可以用于较低能量的重离子核反应中.对于35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au的核反应过程,利用这种方法所得的熵和约化带电粒子多重性提取的熵结果一致.对于后角热核发射体系,实验提取的核温度为(4.7±1.2)MeV,熵为S/A=2.5±0.5,根据实验提取的熵和核温度可以确定其碎裂密度小于0.1ρ₀.     

48Ca无中微子双β衰变的寿命下限

本文报道国内首次开展的双β衰变实验研究工作.国产大尺寸CaF₂闪烁晶体既用来做为探测器,又做为双β衰变的放射源.数据采集总共7588.5小时.实验给出⁴⁸Ca无中微子双β衰变的寿命下限T_1/2>1.1×10²²年(68%C.L.);由理论推算相应的中微子质量v≤8eV;右手流混合参量η的限值η≤0.69×10^－5.     

Nuclear Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Shown in Multifragment ation

The Incomplete-Fusion-nagmentation Model has been used to reproduce nicely the experimental evidence of liquid-gas phase transition probed in the reaction of Au + Au at 600A MeV. The analysis of the relative yields of decay modes for the projectile remnant as a function of bound> shows clearly the competition and transformation processes of various decay modes of projectile remnant with decreasing of bound>. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results for the anaJysis of relative yield of decay modes indicates that the experimental evidence of liquid-gas phase transition is composed of the decay mode transformations.     

Incomplete-Fusion-Fragmentation Model and Nuclear Liquid-Gas Phase Transition

Incomplete-Fusion-Fragmentation Model is used to analyze the multifragmentation of the projectile remnant in 600MeV/u Au+Au reaction.The theoretical resultsof the mass number,the excitation energy and the thermodynamical temperature of the projectile remnant agree well with experimental data.The backbending structure in the curve of temperature as a function of the excitation energy per nucleon,i.e. the evidence of liquid-gas phase transition,is reproduced and reasonably related to the decay modes phase transformation from dominance of the multifragmentation mode to the vaporization mode.     

Fatigue resistance of plasma-sprayed CrC-NiCr cermet coatings in rolling contact

The aim of this paper was to address the fatigue behavior and failure modes of plasma-sprayed CrC-NiCr cermet coatings in rolling contact under the identical tribological conditions of contact stress at room temperature. For all tests, the thicknesses of the coatings were controlled to be about 100 μm. Thirteen rolling contact tests were performed to obtain the statistical result. The Weibull distribution plot of fatigue-life data of the coating specimens was obtained. The failure modes and mechanisms of the coatings were studied on the basis of the worn surface observations of the failed coatings. Experiment results showed that the RCF life data of the coatings exhibited high scattering, since the bimodal distribution of the fatigue-life data of the coatings was observed in the Weibull plot. Different failure modes named as spalling and delamination were observed during this investigation. However, the failure modes might be associated with the microstructure and the bonding strength of the coating, and the distribution of shear stress at the subsurface. The coatings failed in the spalling generally exhibited the relatively high fatigue lives and the coatings failed in the delamination exhibited low lives, resulting in the bimodal distribution of the fatigue-life data in the Weibull plot.     

Electromagnetic dissociation of 3.7 A GeV^16O in nuclear emulsion

The electromagnetic dissociation (ED) of 3.7 A GeV {}^{16}O in nuclear emulsion is investigated with high statistics. It is found that the electromagnetically dissociated cross section increases with increasing beam energy, the charge distribution of projectile fragments is the same as the results at 60 and 200 A GeV, and the production probability of projectile fragments with charge 3≤Z≤5 is less than that of the other projectile fragments. These results can be well explained by use of Weizsacker and Williams method for calculating the ED contributions. The percentile abundance of various decay modes for ED at 3.7 A GeV is close to the result at 60 and 200 A GeV, but it is different from the result at 14.6 A GeV. The ED of 3.7 A GeV is mainly caused by the giant dipole and quadrupole resonance of E1 and E2, which can be qualitatively explained by the multiplicity distribution of projectile proton in ED. The multiplicity distribution of the α fragments in ED and nuclear events have different functional forms. This difference may be a consequence of the different reaction mechanism involved.     

利用磁谱仪测量90Sr-90Y放射源的β衰变能谱

利用近代物理实验中的磁谱仪测量了90Sr～90Y放射源的β衰变能谱．得到的能谱和普遍的口衰变能谱相似;得到的口射线最大能量与平均能量比值和文献中给出的一些放射源的比值接近,这些都说明了该实验测量数据的可靠性．运用库里厄（Kurie）图,研究了此放射源的β衰变能谱,得到的跃迁性质和能级自旋宇称与此放射源已有的数据相吻合,说明在近代物理实验中能够利用磁谱仪测量原子核的β衰变能谱、研究原子核的跃迁性质和能级自旋宇称．     

135MeV/u 12C和铁相互作用中靶余核的质量分布

用核化学技术测定了135MeV/u ¹²C和铁相互作用中的靶余核的生成截面,通过高斯电荷分布函数得到了靶余核的质量分布.与46MeV/u ¹²C+Cu相比,发现A<30质量区的产额明显增加,且产物有偏向丰中子一侧的趋势.实验测定的质量分布与熔合碎裂模型和级联两体模型的计算结果进行了比较,结果似乎表明在很高入射能情况下多重碎裂衰变是A<30靶余核生成的主要反应机制.     

前舱物对低速大质量平头弹侵彻金属薄板的影响

为了研究前舱物对低速大质量平头弹侵彻金属薄靶的影响,根据前舱物的力学特性,将前舱物等效为轻质泡沫铝材料,建立了含前舱物的平头弹结构有限元分析模型,开展了不同工况下带前舱物平头弹侵彻金属薄板的数值模拟计算,分析了带前舱物平头弹侵彻金属薄板的过程,对比了带前舱物平头弹和不计前舱物平头弹在不同工况下剩余速度的差异。数值计算结果表明:带前舱物平头弹与不计前舱物平头弹的侵彻过程存在明显差异,但靶板破坏模式相同;前舱物等效材料的屈服强度对平头弹侵彻性能的影响很小,可以忽略不计;前舱物有助于提高平头弹侵彻金属薄板的能力,但提升幅度有限。在实际工程应用中,可以忽略前舱物对平头弹侵彻金属薄板的影响。     

Mass Yield Distribution of Target Residues from the Interaction of Iron with 135MeV/u 12C Ions

The formation cross sections of target residues have been measured from the interaction of iron with 135MeV/u ¹²C ions.With the help of assumption of Gaussian charge distribution,the mass yield distribution was obtained.We found that the yield in mass region of A＜30 were notably increased and the products got away to neutron-excessive.The experimental results were compared with calculations based on the statistical fusion fragmentation model and on the sequential binary decay model,respectively. It seems to indicate that the multifragmentation decay mode was the dominant reaction mechanism responsible for production of the fragments with mass number A＜30 in the produce process of target residues under the condition of the higher incident projectile energy.     

60 A GeV16O原子核在核乳胶中的电磁离解

对60 A GeV¹⁶O在原子核乳胶中的电磁离解现象首次进行了高统计的研究,得到电磁离解截面随束流能量的增加而增加,射弹碎片电荷分布和200 A GeV¹⁶O在 乳胶中电磁离解的电荷分布一致,但电荷为3≤Z≤5的射弹碎片的发射概率低于200 A GeV能 区,这些特点和Weiszacker和Williams的经典电磁理论模型计算结果一致.60 A GeV¹⁶ O电磁离解下各反应道出现的概率和200 A GeV能区结果基本一致,但同14.6 关键词： 电磁离解 射弹碎片 碎裂     

Calculation of η′ Decay Modes Using Chiral Perturbation Theory

In this paper, with the use of Chiral Perturbation theory (χPT), we have studied the η′ decays in to 3π and 2πη, after performing these reactions. The Scattering amplitude and decay width are calculated for different modes up to NLO. The Dalitz plot expansion and parameter fixing for each of them is also calculated. Experimental results are in good agreement with the obtained results. We compare our results with charged and neutral decay parameters with the most recent Particle Data Group results of these observables. At next-to-leading order, our results for decay widths of the charged (neutral) channel are Γ(η′→2πη)=83.6±0.8 (43.0±2.2) keV and Γ(η′→3π)=0.716±0.072 (0.320±0.079) keV. These results are in agreement with several other theoretical determinations and experimental findings.