铌钛超导体的非合金化制备

本文研究了Nb片和Ti片在不同温度下的扩散行为,并利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经过扩散反应制备出了NbTi超导线.运用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面的扩散形态及微结构,并对热处理工艺的合理选择进行了讨论.结果表明:经800℃,5小时扩散可得到厚度最大,Ti含量最高的NbTi超导相.该工艺制备出的NbTi超导线材的临界电流密度Jc可达到2800A/mm2(5T、4.2K)和4200A/mm2(3T、4.2K),与传统工艺制备出的超导体的性能相当.     

铌钛超导体的非合金化制备

本文研究了Nb片和Ti片在不同温度下的扩散行为，并利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工，经过扩散反应制备出了NbTi超导线．运用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了Nb／Ti界面的扩散形态及微结构，并对热处理工艺的合理选择进行了讨论．结果表明：经800℃，5小时扩散可得到厚度最大，Ti含量最高的NbTi超导相．该工艺制备出的NbTi超导线材的临界电流密度Jc可达到2800A／mm^2（5T、4．2K）和4200A／mm^2（3T、4．2K），与传统工艺制备出的超导体的性能相当．     

NbTi50/Cu复合超导材料中Cu-Ti扩散层的研究

NbTi50/Cu的加工性能受加工过程中由Cu和Ti的互扩散形成的脆性Cu-Ti化合物所影响.为选择最佳的热处理制度和加工工艺,我们用高温金相观察了在高温和加压条件下扩散层的行为.发现扩散层的厚度与时间的平方根成正比.电子探针测到它随温度按指数规律变化.对单芯和多芯导体作机械性能(σ_b和δ％)测量表明:400—500℃的热处理温度是合适的。Nb-Ti-Cu的共晶点为780℃.     

不同Ti含量对NbTi超导体临界电流密度的影响

利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经扩散反应制备了Ti含量从43WT%到57WT%之间的三种不同成份的NbTi超导线.测量了三种不同成份的临界电流密度Jc,讨论了在磁场下不同Ti含量对NbTi线临界电流密度Jc的影响,并对磁通钉扎机制进行了分析.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面扩散形态及微结构,并运用多源标度分析法[1]对不同成份的NbTi超导线进行了磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化曲线的拟合.结果表明:随着含Ti量的增加,其临界电流密度在低场时很高,而在高场时的性能偏低,且下降迅速,而含Ti量低的超导线在高场时的性能更具有优势;超导线在不同磁场下的性能是由点钉扎和面钉扎两种钉扎机制共同作用决定的.     

多芯NbTi超导复合线中扩散隔层的研究

研究了两次组合工艺中NbTi与Cu间的扩散隔层对NbTi—Cu界面扩散和复合线性能的影响.发现,NbTi芯棒外加入Nb、Ni、CuNi10、CuNi30等扩散隔层后能有效地减少Nb-Ti-Cu化合物的生成.但在有Ni元素的试样中同时存在Nb-Ti-Ni等高硬度扩散生成物;加入Nb扩散隔层后能减缓了它们间的扩散,又不生成高硬度化合物,因而复合线的塑性极好.实验结果表明,采用NbTi-Nb-Cu复合锭坯在挤压加热温度升高到600℃的情况下,仍可得到塑性良好、载流能力高的多芯超导复合线.     

热等静压对NbTi/Cu多芯超导线加工过程的影响

采用传统方法生产的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线在生产芯数较多的超导线时存在填充系数较大的问题,这直接影响了芯丝的整齐排布,所以组装完成后加入热等静压过程.研究了经过热等静压和未经过热等静压的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线的加工性能.经过试验证明,经过100～150MP,2小时热等静压处理的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线坯锭在加工过程中具有良好的加工性能,提高了超导线复合坯锭的成品率;而未经过热等静压处理的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线坯锭加工性能较差,坯锭内部缺陷较多.     

NbTi-Cu界面扩散对多芯NbTi超导复合线的机械性能和载流能力的影响

研究了用不同挤压加热条件制得的芯径小于10μm的NbTi-cu多芯超导复合线的界面扩散情况及线材的机械性能和载流能力.发现NbTi-Cu界面存在互扩散现象,元素的扩散速度按Nb、Ti、Cu次序递增,并随温度升高而加剧.扩散物为硬度比基体高得多的Nb-Ti-Cu复杂化合物.研究指出:附着在界面上的硬而脆的扩散物颗粒及无氧铜的“污染”是导致复合线的机械性能、载流能力和稳定性下降的重要原因。实验证明:要制得芯径小于10μm的多芯NbTi超导复合线,必须严格控制其界面扩散程度.     

范性形变对NbTi合金超导转变温度的影响

研究了时效热处理的Nb50wt％Ti和Nb46.5wt％Ti合金在经历不同程度最终冷变形后,它们的超导转变温度的变化。研究发现:当最终真应变≥2.5时,NbTi合金(420℃×40h三次热处理)的超导转变温度随最终真应变增加而线性下降。针对该实验结果,本文在理论机制上进行了探讨。     

Nb-50wt%Ti超导合金的临界电流及钉扎机构

采用多次时效工艺制成了最佳性能的NbTi 50超导多芯线.给出了在4.2 K下,场强接近B_c_2时的临界电流,以及透射电镜的观察结果.结合上述结果对其中的磁通钉扎机构作了详细的讨论.从而弄清了多次时效工艺的理论根据.作者指出:为了进一步提高NbTi 50合金的高场临界电流密度J_c,除了有细化的亚带和αTi沉淀外,还必须控制高场下磁通的切交流动.     

(111)择优取向的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3铁电薄膜的制备及研究

选用不同浓度的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3溶胶,用Sol-gel法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上沉积一层厚度不同的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT52)过渡层,经400℃烘烤、550℃退火等程序后,再用Sol-gel法在PZT52过渡层上沉积Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜.XRD分析表明,有PZT52过渡层的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜具有(111)择优取向的钙钛矿结构,且随着过渡层厚度的增加,Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜的(111)择优取向程度越高.SEM分析表明,当PZT52过渡层的厚度达到14nm以上,Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜结晶程度得到明显改善,平均晶粒尺寸大大增加.介电、铁电性能测试表明,与没有过渡层的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜相比,有PZT52过渡层的Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜具有较大的介电常数和剩余极化强度,而介电损耗则较小.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.