利用非规整膜系实现宽角度入射减偏振、减反射薄膜的研究

利用非均匀膜系理论对宽角度入射减偏振、减反射薄膜进行优化设计,分析了在宽角度入射的情况下,偏振光产生透过率不同的原因,选取了Na3AlF6、Ta2O5和Al2O3三种不同折射率材料,采用BK7作为基底,模拟设计了光谱区在500～560 nm波段、入射角为0~70°之间的多层减偏振、减反射薄膜,设计结果表明,薄膜的透过率得到大幅度提高.     

近紫外区宽角度消偏振平板分光镜

简要介绍K9玻璃为基板的用金属-介质膜系实现近紫外区宽角度消偏振平板分光镜的设计,设计波长为360～480 nm,空气中的入射角变化范围为45°±6°,膜系的反射率R和透过率T的之比的平均值为63.6%,总损耗约为10%,S偏振分量和P偏振分量的平均偏离约为1%.     

宽角度入射600～700 nm波段减反射薄膜的研究

阐述了利用非均匀膜系理论设计宽角度多层减反射薄膜的方法 ,从理论上分析了在宽角度的情况下 ,偏振光产生透过率不同的原因 ,选取了Ta2 O5和SiO2 两种材料作为折射率材料 ,选取BK7作为基底材料模拟设计了光谱区在 6 0 0～ 70 0nm波段、入射角为 0°～ 80°之间的宽角度多层减反射薄膜 ,探索出了一条新型膜系设计的途径 ,其优化结果是较为理想的。这一研究方法如能在太阳能、光纤通信、航天、激光等领域应用 ,将大大地提高光能的利用率 ,具有重要的应用价值。     

双折射消偏振膜的设计和制备

基于倾斜沉积薄膜材料的双折射特性,采用单一TiO2设计和制备了中心波长为632 nm的双折射消偏振膜。首先以60°和70°的沉积角度镀制了TiO2单层膜,通过单层膜的透射光谱分别拟合出两种沉积角度下薄膜对s和p偏振光的等效折射率nPH,nSH和nPL,nSL。通过对折射率的组合,实现正入射时s偏振光透射率大于p偏振光,而入射角度增大会使两者透射率差值减小,基于这一思想设计并制备了消偏振膜。分别测量了消偏振薄膜在400~800 nm波段范围内正入射及倾斜入射条件下s和p偏振光的透射光谱。入射角为60°时,s偏振光反射带宽基本与p偏振光反射带宽重合,在波长632 nm左右基本实现消偏振。结果表明,利用材料的双折射特性,可以设计和制备出倾斜入射条件下消偏振薄膜。     

三波长宽角度消偏振平板分光膜的设计

分光膜都是倾斜使用的,不可避免地存在S和P 2个偏振分量的分离。在许多实际应用中,这是一个迫切需要解决的刺手难题。基于Thelen和Costich理论,选择初始膜系材料和结构,并在Needle合成法与Conjugate graduate精炼法的帮助下,采用全介质材料设计了532nm,633nm和1315nm三波长宽角度消偏振平板型分光膜,空气中入射角的变化范围为45°±5°。结果表明：在宽角度范围内,此膜系在(532±10)nm,(633±10)nm和(1315±10)nm范围的偏振分离都能比较好地满足消偏振要求。     

90°反射式相位延迟器的设计

铜蒸气激光反射镜在非正入射的时候 ,两个不同的偏振态之间会产生不同的相移。通过优化设计 ,在4 90～ 5 30nm之间p、s波获得了 90°的相移 ,同时也使反射率在 99 998%以上。Ag层的厚度对于相移不敏感 ,并且当其厚度大于一定值的时候 ,对反射率没有影响。根据误差分析 ,制备薄膜时其沉积速率精度控制在± 1%以下 ,在光谱范围内能达到± 15 2 8°的相移误差 ,相移均在 5 0 4nm处附近存在有一个收敛值。折射率的变化控制在± 1%以下 ,在光谱范围内能达到± 12 77°的相移误差。最外一层厚度变化± 1% ,其相移变化达到± 5 5°,2～ 5层和 9～ 16层对相移的影响也在 0 .5°之上 ,其余各层对相移影响非常的小。使用时的入射角控制在± 1°时 ,在光谱范围内能达到± 2 .86°的相移误差。在 5 30nm附近的波段对入射角不敏感。     

立方棱镜二向色分光膜消倍频反射峰的设计

立方棱镜二向色分光镜是实现多光谱共光路的重要器件.立方棱镜二向色分光镜因偏振效应而在高级次倍频处出现高反射峰,严重影响了短波区的透过率.利用虚设层概念,设计出了400 nm～900 nm波段高透过、1 064 nm激光波段高反射的立方棱镜二向色分光镜.给出了消除倍频反射峰的有效方法,并成功制作出光学性能优良的样品.采用这种设计方法获得的膜系结构简单,膜层数量少,材料选择广泛,对工艺要求简单,便于工艺实现,可重复性好.     

利用Rugate膜系实现宽角度减反射膜的设计

阐述了利用Rugate膜系理论设计宽角度减反射薄膜的方法,从理论上分析了在宽角度的情况下,偏振产生透过率不同的原因,模拟设计了入射角从0°到80°宽角度减反射膜系,采取随机与共轭梯度相结合的方法进行优化,得到了较理想的结果这一研究方法将能充分地提高光能的利用率,在能源利用方面和光通信等领域具有重要的应用价值.     

亚波长光栅偏振分束器的研究

利用单层亚波长硅光栅结构设计出工作在近红外波段的偏振分束器。该偏振分束器在45°入射角附近对TE偏振光具有很高的反射率同时对TM偏振光具有很高的透射率,其设计原理是基于亚波长光栅的泄漏模共振效应以及类布儒斯特效应。利用散射矩阵方法和时域有限差分方法对偏振分束器进行设计和分析。模拟结果显示,该偏振分束器在1390～1600nm的波长范围内的反射与透射消光比大于100;同时该偏振分束器具有相对较大的入射角度容差,在有限尺寸高斯光束入射下能保持很好的性能。     

光子晶体多通道可调谐偏振滤波器的理论研究

通过对设计的一维掺杂光子晶体的数值计算和理论分析,得出了两个偏振态缺陷模透射峰的变化特征为:P-偏振波其缺陷模透射峰在入射角大于0.75(rad)范围内有多条明显的缺陷模透射峰带,而S-偏振波在入射角大于0.75 (rad) 范围内没有缺陷模透射峰;P-偏振波缺陷模在同一杂质光学厚度可以截到多个波长不同的透射峰.以此为基础设计出滤波通道波长可调范围大于60 nm 、滤波通道的半高宽可调范围在1~5 nm、滤波通道透射峰值大于0.98的一维光子晶体三通道可调谐偏振滤波器.     

The design of a polarizing beam splitter made from a dielectric rectangular-groove grating

It has been reported that a polarizing beam splitter based on a rectangular-groove grating (a grating polarizing beam splitter) can be easily designed for specific applications using the modal method. In this paper, the eigenvalue equation of the modal method is transformed to a new form. Using this new form of the eigenvalue equation, it is shown that the design of a grating polarizing beam splitter can be independent of the incident wavelength. The period and the groove depth can be designed using values normalized to the incident wavelength, which apply to a range of wavelengths as long as the effects of dispersion can be neglected. Numerical simulations of fused silica gratings are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the preferable choice for the grating period is 0.8–0.9 times the incident wavelength.     

新型小尺寸窄带偏振分光器在光纤通信中的应用

在光纤通信中,为了在不改变调制波长范围的基础上仍能实现更多数据通道的波分复用,设计了一种新型的小尺寸窄带偏振分光器,用于对现有的数据通信网络进行扩容以及提高光信号的信噪比。在该分光器上蒸镀了两种新设计的膜系,一层是窄带滤光膜,另一层是偏振分光膜。采用TFCalc软件仿真,设计结果中窄带滤光膜的带宽约为0.4 nm,偏振分光膜在1 530～1 560 nm范围内对p光的通透性能优于99.8%。基于以上膜系设计在BK7光学玻璃上实际制备两组膜系,实验采用Agilent 8164-A型光波测量系统对经过膜后的光进行光谱分析。结果显示,窄带滤光膜的实际带宽优于0.4 nm,增益平坦度小于-0.05 dB,相比现有常见的0.8 nm滤光膜具有更窄的带宽,可以实现在调制波长范围不变的条件下增大波分复用的数据通道总量。偏振滤光膜的实际p光透光率为99.6%,相比仿真值略低,但仍优于设计要求,相比传统分光器的光信号强度保留效果更好,具有更高的信噪比。综上所述,该分光器具有更好的应用价值和实用意义。     

Modal analysis of deep-etched low-contrast two-port beam splitter grating

Modal analysis of a deep-etched low-contrast two-port beam splitter grating under Littrow mounting is presented. The guideline for the design of a subwavelength transmission fused-silica phase grating as high-efficiency grating, polarizing beam splitter (PBS), and two-port beam splitter, is summarized. As an example, a polarization-independent two-port beam splitter grating is designed at wavelength of 1064 nm. We firstly analyzed the physical essence of the grating by the simplified modal method. The guideline for the grating design and the approximate grating parameters are obtained. Then using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) with parameters varying around the approximate ones, optimum grating parameters can be determined. With the design guideline, the time for the rigorous calculation of the grating profile parameters can be reduced significantly.     

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure

We propose an ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter that operates over a wide wavelength range and is based on a hybrid photonic crystal and a conventional waveguide structure. Within a small area (15 microm x 10 microm), this polarizing beam splitter separates TM- and TE-polarized modes into orthogonal output waveguides. Results of simulations with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method show that 99.3% of TM-polarized light is deflected by the photonic crystal structure (with a 28.0-dB extinction ratio), whereas 99.0% of TE-polarized light propagates through the structure (with a 32.2-dB extinction ratio). Wave vector diagrams are employed to explain the operation of a polarizing beam splitter. Tolerance analysis reveals a large tolerance to fabrication errors.     

倾斜入射时偏振分束棱镜的角宽压缩效应

从理论上计算了由于光束倾斜入射产生的棱镜起偏系统角谱宽度的压缩效应,计算结果表明,入射光束相对于棱镜入射面的入射角越大对角谱宽度的压缩就越明显,不同材料的基底折射率的差别对角谱宽度的压缩影响不大。通过举例从膜系设计的角度进一步论证了这一结论。还指明在实际系统中可以保持入射光束的相对角度不变的情况下,通过改变棱镜的形状来达到倾斜入射的目的从而实现角谱宽度的压缩。对如何设计出高性能的宽角宽光谱偏振分束镜具有重大的指导意义。     

Polarizing beam splitter based on a double-layer subwavelength grating

A Si–ZnS double-layer subwavelength grating is theoretically used as a high-efficient polarizing beam splitter. To design this structure, the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is applied to study the reflectivity and transmissivity for the TE and TM polarization, respectively. Simulation results show that both the zero-order reflection for TE polarization and the zero-order transmission for TM polarization can exceed 90% in a wide tunable working incident angle range from 48° to 72°. Moreover, the proposed polarizing beam splitter has a working wavelength that is in the range of 1500–1600 nm.     

Design and fabrication of ultra-high precision thin-film polarizing beam splitter

An ultra-high precision thin-film polarizing beam splitter (PBS) has been designed and fabricated. Using Needle optimization technology, we design the thin-film polarizing beam splitter that is transparent for P polarization and reflective for S polarization with ultra-high precision at 64.8° angle of incidence and 632.8 ± 10 nm wavelength band. The experiments with the fabricated thin-film PBS demonstrate that both the reflectance of P polarization and transmittance of S polarization at 64.8° angle of incidence and 632.8 nm wavelength point are less than 0.02%, which is ultra-high for reported PBSs.     

Photonic Crystal Polarizing and Non-Polarizing Beam Splitters

A polarizing beam splitter （PBS） and a non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） based on a photonic crystal （PC） directional coupler are demonstrated. The photonic crystal directional coupler consists of a hexagonal lattice of dielectric pillars in air and has a complete photonic band gap. The photonic band structure and the band gap map are calculated using the plane wave expansion （PWE） method. The splitting properties of the splitter are investigated numerically using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method.     

非对称偏振分束光栅的矢量衍射优化设计

基于严格耦合波理论分析了一种非对称偏振分束光栅的设计。这种偏振分束光栅分别在1级和0级衍射级次上衍射TE和TM偏振波。介绍了利用遗传算法设计偏振分束光栅的方法,并给出了优化实例。仿真结果表明:在设计波长为1.55时,TE偏振波在1级的衍射效率大于93%,TM偏振波在0级的衍射效率大于99%,此时1级和0级的透射消光比分别达到了9914.1和46841.5。通过对设计结果的分析发现,该偏振分束光栅在设计波长附近100nm的波长范围内都具有较高的消光比(大于100),达到了较好的偏振分束效果。     

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis (RCWA) method at a wavelength of 1550~nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.