Bi2Te3/Sb超晶格纳米线的外延生长和热电测量

通过脉冲电沉积,外延生长出小单元长度的Bi₂Te₃/Sb超晶格纳米线.借助哈曼方法,测量了超晶格纳米线阵列的热电性能,330 K时的ZT值可达0.15.研究了Bi₂Te₃/Sb超晶格纳米线阵列器件的制冷或者加热能力,发现器件的上下表面的最大温差可以达到6.6 K.     

Bi2Te3 合金低温热电性能及冷能发电研究

利用机械合金化和冷压烧结法制备得到n型和p型Bi₂Te₃基热电材料,在80—300 K温度范围测量了电导率、Seebeck系数,结果表明其具有良好的低温热电性能.采用Bi₂Te₃基热电材料制备出半导体热电器件,并配合附属设备搭建出一套半导体温差发电装置.利用液氮汽化时释放的冷能,对半导体热电器件的发电性能进行实验研究,得出这种半导体热电器件输出电压、输出功率与电流关系式,测得最大的输出功率达到1.33 W,从而证明了冷     

Bi2Te3的杂质微分凝对温差电性质的影响

在Bridgman法生长的P型和N型Bi₂Te₃等取向晶体中发现杂质微分凝次结构,对不同微分凝程度的Bi₂Te₃晶体的电导率、温差电动势率、热导率和霍尔系数在80—330°K温度范围内进行了测量,并分析了在有外场和温度梯度存在时载流子的输运性质,着重研究了杂质微分凝对温差电参数的影响,证实了增加晶体表观热导率的一种机构。     

Ni基金属间化合物第一性原理研究

稀土(R)-过渡族(T)金属间化合物具有优异的物理和化学性质.本研究考虑电子自旋极化作用,基于第一性原理的全电子投影缀加平面波赝势法理论,采用局域自旋密度近似(LSDA),对Ni₁₃Nd₃B₂金属间化合物进行结构优化,计算体系晶格常数、电子结构和磁性能.结果表明,Ni₁₃Nd₃B₂为带隙很小的金属导体.LSDA近似下体系原子间存在复杂作用类型,Nd原子与近邻Ni,B原子以离子键作用为主,Ni原子与近邻Ni原子间表现共价作用情形.体系存在Nd-Ni铁磁耦合,总磁矩约8.4329μB,主要由Nd原子磁矩提供,自旋极化引起的体系Nd-4f,Ni-3p,Nd-5p电子自旋劈裂为体系表现磁性的根本原因.     

纤维状TiO2/Bi2O3光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti和Bi(NO₃)·5H₂O为原料,以棉花纤维为生物模板,合成了系列纤维状TiO₂/Bi₂O₃光催化剂．采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等测试技术对样品的相结构、形貌和吸光性能等进行了表征分析．结果表明,样品中的Bi₂O₃为单斜相和四方相共存的混晶,纤维长度达到毫米级,     

基于非金属掺杂g-C3N4的均匀B-C-N三相单层

基于第一性原理方法计算,通过在g-C₃N₄中掺杂C、B和N原子, 预测了四种元素均匀分布的B-C-N三元单层材料． 除了B₄-C₃N₄单层材料是一个具有1.18 eV带隙的半导体, 其余三种C-B-N三元单层材料都是金属材料．其中,B₃C-C₃N₄是铁磁金属,其净磁矩为0.57 μB/原胞,可用于构建自旋电子器件材料．计算的形成能显     

掺Bi的GeO2-Al2O3-Na2O玻璃的热学和光学性质

 用高温熔融法制备了96GeO-(3-χ)Al₂O₃-χNa₂O-1NaBiO₃ （将χ分别为0，0.5，1.5的玻璃命名为A1，A2，A3）和 96GeO-(3.5-ψ)Al₂O₃-ψχNa₂O-0.5Bi₂O₃（将ψ分别为0，0.5，2的玻璃命名为B1，B2，B3）玻璃。观察到样品在1 220 nm处（800 nm 激光二极管激发）的超宽带发光特性（半高宽约250 nm）。结果表明，以NaBiO₃形式引入Bi⁵⁺到玻璃原料中比以Bi₂O₃形式引入Bi³⁺到原料中得到的玻璃在1 220 nm处的发光强度大4.6倍，且荧光寿命和荧光半高宽也分别从280 μs和195 nm增加到了434 μs和275 nm。从A3，A2和A1的吸收边带的红移可初步推断出A3，A2及A1玻璃中Bi5+的含量逐步增加。总结吸收光谱与发射光谱的变化规律，认为Bi离子近红外高发射强度和宽荧光半高宽是由Bi⁵⁺的发光引起的。在两组玻璃中，热稳定性以及荧光发射截面积与荧光寿命的乘积值和荧光发射截面积与荧光半高宽的乘积值随着Na₂O含量的增加而增加。     

Sb2Te3 纳米结构的制备与表征

以室温热电性能优异的传统热电材料Sb₂Te₃为研究对象,利用化学气相沉积法制备Sb₂Te₃单晶纳米结构,并研究其生长机理.实验结果表明,不加催化剂时Sb₂Te₃易生长成六方纳米盘,在金催化剂条件下定向生长成纳米线.Sb₂Te₃的形貌与其晶体结构和生长机理有关.Sb₂Te₃为三角结构,Sb和     

圆盘状Bi2WO6-BiPO4异质结的水热合成及光催化性能 (cited: 1)

采用水热法制备Bi₂WO₆-BiPO₄异质结光催化剂．利用模拟太阳光照射下的罗丹明B降解实验评价了Bi₂WO₆-BiPO₄复合物的光催化性能．结果表明,Bi₂WO₆-BiPO₄光催化活性比Bi₂WO₆和BiPO₄高得多．当Bi₂WO₆与BiPO₄的摩尔比为1:1时复合光催化剂对罗丹明B的降解率最高．Bi₂WO₆-BiPO₄催化活性增强主要归结为两者之间形成了有效的异质结结构,其内建电场能够促进光生载流子的分离．同时,Bi₂WO₆的加入增强了其对可见光的吸收．研究表明O₂· ^-和h⁺在光催化降解过程中是主要的活性物种     

复合层状Bi7Ti4NbO21铁电陶瓷的结构与介电和压电性能研究

制备了Bi₇Ti₄NbO_{21，Bi4Ti3O12及Nb掺杂Bi4Ti3O12(Nb-Bi4Ti3O12)层状结构铁电陶瓷材料.结合Nb-Bi 4Ti3O12的介电温谱和 退极化实验结果，研究了Bi7Ti4NbO21的晶体结构 对其介电、压电性能的影响 .高分辨透射电镜结果表明，在Bi7Ti4NbO21中， 沿着c轴方向，(Bi2Ti3O10)^2-和(BiTiNbO7)^2-两个类钙钛矿层分别 与(Bi2O2)²⁺层叠加堆积而成.这种晶体结构决定了Bi7Ti4NbO21的 介电温谱在668℃和845℃出现介 电双峰.结合极化样品的退化实验分析，说明材料在这两个温度附近发生了铁电—铁电相变 、铁电—顺电相变，分别是(Bi2Ti3O10)^{2-< /sup>和(BiTiNbO7)2-层状 结构发生微观结构相变的结果.在退极化过程中，由于受热时钙钛矿层内空位引起的缺陷偶 极子的定向排列受到破坏，引起材料部分退极化，表现为300℃热处理后Bi7Ti 4NbO 21的压电活性降低了10%，显示了室温下材料的压电性能来源于自发极化的固有电 偶极子和缺陷偶极子的共同贡献.}}     

Multilayer Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films for tunable microwave applications

Bi_1.5Zn_1.0Nb_1.5O₇/Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃/Bi_1.5Zn_1.0Nb_1.5O₇ tunable multilayer thin film has been fabricated by pulsed laser ablation and characterized. Phase composition and microstructure of multilayer films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The film has very smooth surface with RMS roughness of 1.5-2 nm and grain size of 100-150 nm. Total film thickness has been measure to be 375 nm. The BZN thin films at 300 K, on Pt(1 1 1)/SiO₂/Si substrate showed zero-field dielectric constant of 105 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.002 at frequency of 0.1 MHz. Thin films annealed at 700 °C shows the dielectric tunability of 18% with biasing field 500 kV/cm at 0.1 MHz. The multilayer thin film shows nonferroelectric behavior at room temperature. The good physical and electrical properties of multilayer thin films make them promising candidate for tunable microwave device applications.     

Optical spectroscopy of Ca3Sc2Si3O12, Ca3Y2Si3O12 and Ca3Lu2Si3O12 doped with Pr

The silicates Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂, Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Lu₂Si₃O₁₂, both undoped and doped with Pr³⁺ ions, have been synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The luminescence spectroscopy and the excited state dynamics of the materials have been studied upon VUV and X-ray excitation using synchrotron radiation. All doped samples have shown efficient 5d-4f emission upon direct VUV excitation of 5d levels, but only Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ shows luminescence upon interband VUV or X-ray excitation. The VUV excited emission spectra of Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ and Ca₃Lu₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ show features attributed to emission from two distinct sites accommodating the Pr³⁺ dopant. The decay kinetics of the Pr³⁺ 5d-4f emission in Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ upon VUV excitation across the band gap are characterized by decay times in the range 25-28 ns with no significant rise after the excitation pulse. They appear to be faster upon X-ray irradiation than for VUV excitation. Weak afterglow components are attributed to defect luminescence.     

Structure and magnetic order in La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3 and La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3 perovskites

In this paper we report the study of the perovskites La_0.7Ca_0.3Mn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ and La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ by neutron powder diffraction at various temperatures and magnetization measurements in zero applied field and at low cooling regimes. The replacement of half Mn by Co in La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ and La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ destroys their long-range ferromagnetism exhibiting a cluster glass ferromagnetic order similar to the one observed in many cobaltites.     

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3薄膜皮秒光电效应

在1064 nm波长脉冲激光（脉宽25 ps）的照射下，钙钛矿氧化物薄膜La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/SrTiO3具有超快光电效应，对激光脉冲显示ps量级的响应时间，上升沿响应时间300 ps，半高宽700 ps，同时，对激光能量的响应灵敏度为500 mV/mJ。     

合成反铁磁Ni81Fe19/Co90Fe10/Ru/Co90Fe10/Ni81Fe19的研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了一系列的合成反铁磁及以其为自由层的自旋阀.研究发现,在Ni₈₁Fe₁₉与Ru层之间插入适当厚度的Co₉₀Fe₁₀层后,可有效地提高合成反铁磁两磁性层间的反铁磁耦合强度,得到具有饱和场H_s更高、饱和磁化强度M_s更低、热稳定性更好的合成反铁磁.另外,以这种合成反铁磁作自旋阀的自由层时,可有效提高自旋阀的稳定性. 关键词： 合成反铁磁 退火 自旋阀     

X-ray study of phase transitions in the system of solid solutions K2Pb4Nb10O30-Na2Pb4Nb10O30-K6W4Nb6O30

Boundaries of morphotropic phase transitions region in the system of solid solutions K₂Pb₄Nb₁₀O₃₀-Na₂Pb₄Nb₁₀O₃₀-K₆W₄Nb₆O₃₀ with the structure of the tetragonal tungsten bronze have been specified. Presence of the second morphotropic phase transition, perpendicular to the first one has been revealed. The temperature dependences of the structural parameters of some compounds have been investigated. The compounds with high values of Curie temperatures and working temperatures have been obtained.     

Incommensurate modulations in Ba2TiSi2O8, Sr2TiSi2O8, and Ba2TiGe2O8

Incommensurate modulations in Ba₂TiSi₂O₈, Sr₂TiSi₂O₈, and Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ are compared based on their corresponding electron diffraction patterns. The dependence of the modulations on chemical composition provides a suitable model system for the investigation of incommensurations in framework structures using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A widening of quantitative HRTEM utilising the concept of rigid units is proposed allowing for a determination of atomistic displacements responsible for the formation of incommensurately modulated structures.     

Depolarization currents in the Na0.5Bi8.5Ti2Nb4O27 and Na0.5Bi8.5Ti2Ta4O27 layered ferroelectrics

The influence of the prehistory on the electrical properties of layered ferroelectrics is investigated. It is established that the heating of short-circuited samples of the nonpolarized ceramic material Na_0.5Bi_8.5Ti₂Nb₄O₂₇ leads to the appearance of maxima of the current at temperatures below the Curie point only in the case of preliminary ageing of the samples. Original Russian Text ? A.I. Burkhanov, Yu.V. Kochergin, K. Bormanis, A. Kalvane, M. Dambekalne, 2009, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 1393–1394.     

Electrical transport and superconductivity in the Al2O3-Bi2Sr1.8Ca1.2Cu2Oy and MgO-Bi2Sr1.8Ca1.2Cu2Oy composites

We have measured the resistivities of Al₂O₃-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y and MgO-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y composites with the nominal Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y volume fraction, ₂₂₁₂, ranging from 0.15 to 1.00. For the Al₂O₃-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu ₂O_y composites, we find for the samples with ₂₂₁₂≥0.6 that the superconducting transition temperature, T_c, is not disturbed by the addition of Al₂O₃. For ₂₂₁₂<0.3, no zero-resistivity state is observed. For the MgO-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y composites, T_c is barely disturbed for the samples with ρ₂₂₁₂≥0.7. No superconducting state is observed for the samples with ρ₂₂₁₂<0.35. The variation of (300 K) with ρ₂₂₁₂ indicates a three-dimensional percolating Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O matrix occurring at ρ₂₂₁₂≈0.19 and ≈0.15 in Al₂O₃-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2 Cu₂O_y and MgO-Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y, respectively. Both resistivity and magnetization measurements suggest that the reactions of Bi₂Sr_1.8Ca_1.2Cu₂O_y with MgO are weaker than with Al₂O₃.     

Orbital ordering in Mott-insulators La2O3Fe2Se2 and La2O3Co2Se2

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of new layered oxyselenide compounds La₂O₃Fe₂Se₂ and La₂O₃Co₂Se₂ are studied by first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that both compounds are Mott-insulators with orbital ordering. The ground states of both compounds are the checkerboard antiferromagnetic states, which are different from the iron pnictide superconductors, although their structures are similar to those of the Fe-As-based superconductors.