利用基于声卡的虚拟仪器测量RC电路的时间常数

实现了基于LabVIEW和声卡的虚拟信号发生器和虚拟数字示波器,并利用虚拟信号发生器的方波信号作为RC串联电路的激励信号,利用虚拟数字示波器显示RC电路的暂态过程图,并给出精确测量RC串联电路时间常数的实验方法。     

利用微扰法分析两个相互耦合的参量四波混频过程

利用微扰法在旋转波近似下分析了铷原子中两个独立的参量四波混频过程和一个耦合的参量四波混频过程.当用超短激光脉冲相干激发这两个参量四波混频过程时,两个过程就会同时出现并且存在相互耦合作用.微扰分析表明,耦合的参量四波混频信号中可以观察到量子拍,量子拍幅度的大小不仅取决于超短脉冲的特性,而且依赖于两个耦合的参量四波混频过程中的相位匹配.     

利用多媒体计算机演示拍现象

将传统的"拍"现象演示装置与现代的计算机多媒体教学技术结合,用麦克风采集拍音信号,并通过音箱放大,同时将采集到的信号输入到计算机中,利用频谱分析软件进行实时分析,并将拍信号投影在大屏幕上,使学生全面、直观地认识、掌握拍的概念.     

多天线干涉阵的时间同步技术北大核心CSCD

多天线干涉阵利用多个远端天线同时接收信号以提升探测灵敏度和角分辨率,其多路信号干涉合成的特性要求不同路之间高精度的时间同步。本文提出一种复用型分布式多路时间同步方法,利用单个数字延迟脉冲发生器对时间信号进行再生和分配,并设计了相应测量及控制算法,在精确测量多路光纤传输延时的同时,向多个远端天线分配稳定的时间信号。实验结果表明,系统在25km传输链路下具有ps级传输延时测量精度和优于20ps的时间信号分配精度。方案可同时支持本地回传信号数字化和远端数字化两种信号接收汇聚方案,在保证时间同步精度的同时有效降低了分布式同步系统的成本。     

基于保偏光纤双折射特性的函数波形发生器

提出并研究了一种基于保偏光纤双折射特性的函数波形信号发生器。发生器采用正弦微波信号调制连续光波，光波经45°偏振控制后耦合进入保偏光纤，利用光纤双折射特性在快慢轴两个正交光场分量间引入可控时延差，经光电检测后的光电流表达式可由傅里叶级数余弦谐波项构成，结合宽带90°电桥亦可获得傅里叶级数正弦谐波项构成，因此模型具备可调谐函数波形输出特性。分析结果表明，通过控制发生器三个变量，即偏压相移φ、调制系数β和时延差τ，可对傅里叶级数各谐波系数进行灵活调控。分析并讨论了各变量之间的关系，利用光学仿真验证了方案的可行性。当限定均方根误差（RMSE）≤5%，可获得0～30%可调顶边梯形波和20%～80%可调对称三角波。     

利用虚拟技术演示声波的拍现象

将虚拟技术与多媒体计算机教学技术相结合,演示正弦波的拍现象。方法是用麦克风采集拍音信号输入到计算机中,利用频谱分析软件进行实时分析,同时将拍信号投影在大屏幕上,以使学生全面、直观地认识而掌握拍的概念。     

基于时变功率谱的激光器调谐瞬时线宽测量方法研究

半导体激光器的线宽通常采用激光外差测量技术,通过差拍信号的功率谱密度函数来确定,受傅里叶变换方法的限制,得到的均是在一定时间段内的静态平均线宽。为了获得半导体激光器在电流调谐过程中的瞬时线宽特性,提出了利用时变功率谱获知调谐瞬时线宽的相干和非相干测量方法,并分别进行了理论分析和实验验证。首先对半导体激光器输出光信号及差拍信号进行了时间-频率域下的数学描述,确定了时变功率谱与调谐瞬时线宽的关系;其次,针对差拍信号的趋向性特征,提出了趋势局部均值分解方法,并研究了利用分解出的乘积函数建立差拍信号及激光器输出光信号的时变功率谱的方法;最后利用非相干和相干测量法分别获得了分布反馈式半导体激光器在50~51及50~100 mA锯齿波电流调谐过程中的瞬时线宽。     

全光纤速度干涉仪设计及应用

针对冲击波物理与爆轰物理等研究领域中对高速运动物体进行连续速度测量的需求,设计了一种全光纤速度干涉仪.该干涉仪采用单模光纤作为光传输和延迟元件,对t和t-τ两个时刻由于速度变化而引起的多普勒差拍信号进行检测.由于两个时刻的两束光信号对应的待测物体速度变化不大,因而两者几乎有相等的频移量,从而大大降低了差拍信号频率.并且,通过光纤长度的改变,灵活调节条纹常量(τ值),使差拍信号频率不超过记录系统的带宽,从原理上解决记录系统响应带宽受限问题,拓展测速的上限.单模光纤的采用,对漫反射光起到了较好的选模作用,使干涉仪实现了对漫反射靶的测量.实验设计了1.5m.s-1和150m.s-1两种条纹常量,对低速过程的霍普金森杆实验和高速过程的激光驱动实验分别进行了测试,取得较好结果,证明了该干涉测试技术的有效性.     

也谈拍现象与外差变频的区别──兼与周康巍同志商榷

《大学物理》1983年第5期发表了周康巍同志的《拍现象与外差变频的区别》一文(以下简称《拍》文),它肯定了拍现象与外差变频的一些区别,这主要的是:1,拍现象是两个方向相同、频率各异的谐振动的线性迭加;而外差变频则是两个简谐振荡通过非线性变换而产生的.2.在合成信号中,拍现象不出现新的频率;而外差变频中则出现新的频率.明确这些是有意义的,因为目前某些通用工科普通物理学在介绍拍现象时,以超外差收音机的变频(外差变频)为例子,由此引起的概念上的混淆没有得到应有的澄清.我们认为:拍现象与外差变频是两个完全不同的概念,是本质上完全…     

压缩态光场平衡零拍探测的位相锁定

平衡零拍探测是测量量子光场的重要方法之一. 通过对相位灵敏光学参量放大器注入的信号进行位相调制, 然后利用平衡零拍探测系统测量光学参量放大器输出的压缩光. 将相位灵敏光学参量分别运转在参量放大和参量缩小, 通过观察噪声谱中的调制信号就可确定测量的量子光场是正交振幅或位相分量. 通过解调位相调制信号可获得误差信号, 实现锁定平衡零拍探测系统本底光与待测光场相对位相为零(对应于待测光场振幅噪声分量). 关键词： 平衡零拍探测 位相锁定     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.