可调谐半导体激光器的瞬时光谱测量方法研究

可调谐半导体激光器在调谐过程中的瞬时光谱特性,如瞬时的波长、调谐率、功率、线型和线宽等参数影响着以激光器为光源的光学测量和光相干通信系统的精度。然而,能够同时测量这些瞬变参数的技术至今未见报道。提出了一个基于时频分析的测量半导体激光器在调谐过程中瞬时光谱参数的方法,利用一个短时延外差测量系统,利用激光器瞬时光谱参数与差拍信号瞬时参数的关系,最终获得了半导体激光器在连续电流调谐过程中的瞬时光谱。测量系统采用了10 cm光程差的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,调谐电流是幅度为20~120 mA、频率是1 kHz的锯齿波,差拍信号可视为直流信号、载波信号与噪声的叠加,按照短时延相干光测量原理,差拍信号中的直流分量幅度的大小反映了激光器输出光信号的功率;载波信号是一种多项式相位信号,由其频率可以推算激光器输出光谱的中心频率或波长;噪声信号则与激光器输出光谱的线型和线宽相关,通过对噪声信号进行时频分析,可以获知激光器在连续电流调谐过程中每一时刻或每个电流下的瞬时线型、线宽。采用了趋势局部均值分解方法对差拍信号进行了准确分离,并对分离信号分别进行处理,同时获知了半导体激光器在调谐过程中的瞬时输出光功率、光波长、调谐率及线型、线宽。在去掉弛豫部分后截取的整周期差拍信号对应的调谐电流60~115 mA变化范围内,半导体激光器(FRL15DDR0A31-18950, Furukawa)瞬时输出光功率变化范围是5.16~10.6 mW,瞬时光波长变化范围为1 579.2~1 579.6 nm;激光器的瞬时调谐率在0.004 8~0.011 5 nm·mA-1范围内单调变化;线宽是852.55~954.95 kHz,呈非线性随机分布。基于短时延、局部均值分解和时频分析方法的瞬时光谱参数测量系统可以准确得到各瞬时光谱参数,测量结果与激光器的静特性相符,且测量系统结构简单,使我们更深入地理解激光器的工作原理,具有广阔的应用前景。     

三硼酸锂晶体Ⅰ类非临界相位匹配下近红外波段的差频产生

利用差频发生器产生波长范围为1.1~2.2μm的可调谐近红外激光.实验搭建了差频光路系统,以0.56~0.71μm染料激光器作为泵浦光、1.064μm的半导体激光器作为信号光,经过三硼酸锂晶体在Ⅰ类相位匹配方式条件下通过温度调谐非临界相位匹配方式差频产生较高功率的近红外激光,在近红外波段测得其平均输出功率在30mW以上.泵浦光功率为1.2 W、信号光功率为0.31 W时,测得差频波长为1.54μm的输出功率为35mW,转化效率达11.7%.该近红外差频发生器具有宽调谐、窄线宽的特点.     

超短时延测量DFB激光器的动态线宽

激光器调谐过程中的动态线宽是非常重要的参数, 然而, 当前各种测量方法得到的都是激光器稳定状态下的静态线宽. 本文提出一种对干涉拍信号进行基于局部均值分解的时频分析进而获取激光动态线宽的方法, 通过仿真信号验证了这种时频分析方法提取瞬时相位噪声的有效性; 构建实验系统, 利用10cm路径差产生约0.5ns的超短时延, 提取相位噪声的时频分布, 首次得到了分布反馈半导体激光器在脉冲工作模式下的动态线宽. 关键词： 超短时延 动态线宽 局部均值分解 时频分布     

激光自外差相干测量中分布反馈半导体激光器电流调谐非线性的补偿方法

半导体激光器的电流调谐非线性对自外差相干测量的精度影响很大.研究了分布反馈半导体(DFB) 激光器的电流调谐特性,据此提出一种数学模型补偿方法.利用已知光程差下的差拍频率,建立了动态调频 系数的数学模型.以此模型对DFB激光器的电流调谐非线性进行补偿,可以将差拍信号频率预测值的相对误差 减小约3%,提高了系统的测量精度.数学模型补偿方法简化了测量系统的结构,适用于高精度的电流调谐 激光在线测量系统.     

激光强度起伏及相位噪声对光学双频探测的影响

针对利用光纤延时自差系统获得双频拍频光的方法,建立了激光源强度起伏和相位噪声对拍频光功率谱影响的理论模型,并基于该模型进行了数值分析和模拟。结果表明,短延时差比长延时差更有利于减小激光器的噪声干扰。当延时差小于激光相干时间时,激光线宽越大,强度起伏越大,信号的信噪比越低。当延时差远大于激光相干时间时,激光器的相位噪声成为拍频光信号展宽的主要来源,且相位噪声越大,拍频光信号功率越小;强度起伏也有一定的展宽效应,但对于拍频信号功率有增大作用。在长延时情况下,拍频光信号功率和线宽随两个频率光的延时差呈余弦规律变化,存在最佳工作点。     

硅光子芯片外腔窄线宽半导体激光器

随着超高速光互连、相干光通信、相干检测等技术的不断发展,对激光光源的线宽、相频噪声、可调谐性和稳定性等都提出了更为严格的要求。利用基于CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)工艺的硅光子芯片与半导体增益芯片各自的优势,将二者准单片集成实现结构紧凑、低功耗和高稳定性的窄线宽半导体激光器成为近年的研究热点。该结构可通过微环谐振器、环形反射镜和马赫曾德干涉仪等提供光反馈压窄线宽,并实现宽调谐范围和稳定功率输出。本文主要阐述了硅光子芯片外腔半导体激光器的最新研究进展,针对几种包含微环谐振器的结构进行了分类介绍,深入讨论了增加耦合效率和降低端面反射率等技术难题。针对未来空间光通信和光互连等应用前景,展望了该类激光器在功率提升和光子集成方面的未来发展方向。     

基于MI自零差法的窄线宽激光器线宽测量

提出了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的延时自零差法,讨论了该方法测量激光线宽的原理.搭建了线宽测量系统,对窄线宽激光器的线宽进行了测量.测量系统运用数据采集卡获取拍频信号,通过软件算法分析拍频信号自功率谱半峰值宽度实现激光线宽测量.实验测得RIO公司某型窄线宽激光器的线宽为2.7kHz,与该激光器的标称线宽相符合.同时对另一台激光器不同输出光功率下的线宽进行测量,结果表明其线宽和功率成反比关系,进一步验证了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的延时自零差法测试的准确性.     

减反膜外腔半导体激光器特性的研究

研究了镀减反膜GaAs半导体激光器在Littrow 式外腔结构中的输出特性.采用电流补偿技术,得到了约30 GHz的连续无跳模调谐范围.利用外差拍探测技术获得激光器输出线宽约为120 kHz.还研究了激光器的强度噪声分别随着电流与波长变化的特点并对此进行了分析.该类激光器可以广泛应用在冷原子物理、激光光谱以及量子光学等许多领域. 关键词： 减反膜 半导体激光器 线宽 强度噪声     

均衡功率的超宽带可调谐掺铒光纤激光器

报道了一种功率均衡的超宽带可调谐掺铒光纤激光器.该激光器采用窄线宽可调谐FP滤波器、掺铒光纤、波分复用器和耦合器构成光纤环形腔激光器，并通过部分反馈光功率自动控制，对输出激光功率进行均衡.实现了87 nm带宽（1525~1612 nm）范围内，输出激光功率波动小于0.2 dB的均衡结果.输出激光3 dB线宽为0.26 nm，边模抑制比大于55 dB.     

基于光梳状谱发生器和注入锁定本地激光器的相干正交频分复用无源光网络系统

提出一种基于光梳状谱发生器(OFC)和注入锁定本地激光器的相干正交频分复用无源光网络(OFDM-PON)系统,通过理论计算及实验得出OFDM信号功率、本振光(LO)功率和注入比的最佳值。并对经过25 km单模光纤(SMF)传输后用半导体光放大器(SOA)、宽线宽从属激光器和窄线宽从属激光器提供外差接收本振光波的3种下行传输方案的误码率(BER)性能进行对比。实验结果表明激光器注入锁定不仅可以改善接收灵敏度,而且接收性能不受从属激光器固有线宽的影响,并能为上行传输提供相干光源。因此系统成本大大降低,为光相干检测技术在接入网和数据中心互联中的应用提供了可能性。     

Time-frequency analysis of time-varying modulated signals based on improved energy separation by iterative generalized demodulation

Energy separation algorithm is good at tracking instantaneous changes in frequency and amplitude of modulated signals, but it is subject to the constraints of mono-component and narrow band. In most cases, time-varying modulated vibration signals of machinery consist of multiple components, and have so complicated instantaneous frequency trajectories on time-frequency plane that they overlap in frequency domain. For such signals, conventional filters fail to obtain mono-components of narrow band, and their rectangular decomposition of time-frequency plane may split instantaneous frequency trajectories thus resulting in information loss. Regarding the advantage of generalized demodulation method in decomposing multi-component signals into mono-components, an iterative generalized demodulation method is used as a preprocessing tool to separate signals into mono-components, so as to satisfy the requirements by energy separation algorithm. By this improvement, energy separation algorithm can be generalized to a broad range of signals, as long as the instantaneous frequency trajectories of signal components do not intersect on time-frequency plane. Due to the good adaptability of energy separation algorithm to instantaneous changes in signals and the mono-component decomposition nature of generalized demodulation, the derived time-frequency energy distribution has fine resolution and is free from cross term interferences. The good performance of the proposed time-frequency analysis is illustrated by analyses of a simulated signal and the on-site recorded nonstationary vibration signal of a hydroturbine rotor during a shut-down transient process, showing that it has potential to analyze time-varying modulated signals of multi-components.     

Frequency drift and instantaneous linewidth broadening of phase-section tuned SG-DBR laser

We experimentally investigate the spectral dynamics of a phase-section tuned sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) laser by using optical heterodyne method. The measured time-resolved spectra of the beat signal illustrate that the beat signal suffers from both frequency drift and instantaneous spectrum broadening, which indicates that the wavelengths of the lightwaves experience drift and jitter. We study the variation of frequency drift and instantaneous linewidth broadening with applied voltages. It is helpful in selection of optimum operating conditions and design of experimental setup. Experimental results demonstrate that the pulse-waveform can be used to reduce the frequency drift by shorting the beating time.     

Impact of dispersion on amplitude and frequency noise in a Yb-fiber laser comb

We describe a Yb-fiber-based laser comb, with a focus on the relationship between the net-cavity dispersion and frequency noise on the comb. While tuning the net-cavity dispersion from anomalous to normal, we measure the relative intensity noise, offset frequency (f(CEO)) linewidth, and the resulting frequency noise spectrum on the f(CEO). We find that the laser operating at zero net-cavity dispersion has many advantages, including an approximately 100× reduction in free-running f(CEO) linewidth and frequency noise power spectral density when compared to the normal-dispersion regime. At the zero-dispersion point, we demonstrate a phase-locked f(CEO) beat with low residual noise.     

Influence of laser linewidth on performance of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

The effects of optical sources with different laser linewidths on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) are investigated numerically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the spectral linewidth of spontaneous Brillouin scattering remains almost constant when the laser linewidth is less than 1 MHz at the same pulse width; otherwise, it increases sharply. A comparison between a fiber laser (FL) with 4-kHz linewidth at 3 dB and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with 3-MHz linewidth is made experimentally. When a constant laser power is launched into the sensing fiber, the fitting linewidths of the beat signals (backscattered Brillouin light and local oscillator (LO)) is about 5 MHz wider for the DFB laser than for the FL and the intensity of the beat signal is about a half. Furthermore, the frequency fluctuation in the long sensing fiber is lower for the FL source, yielding about 2 MHz less than that of the DFB laser, indicating higher temperature/strain resolution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

近距离激光外差探测光学极限位移分辨率

通过统计理论和维纳-辛钦定理推导出激光外差探测系统光电流的功率谱函数,分析了光电流谱线分布与激光光源线宽、中频信号频率以及信号光相对本振光传输延迟时间的关系,修正了相关文献中光电流功率谱的理论公式.根据信号与噪声理论建立了激光线宽引起的相位噪声的一维概率分布模型,并据此得到了基于激光波长、探测距离以及激光线宽的极限位移分辨率的数学模型.对光电流的功率谱和外差光学极限位移分辨率进行了相关的数值仿真,结果表明延迟时间与相干时间的关系决定光电流谱线分布的情况.当激光波长为532 nm,激光线宽在1 kHz,探测距离为100 m时,光学极限位移分辨率为0.266 nm,相关文献中的实验数据与理论推导结果相符合.     

基于次谐波调制光注入半导体激光器获取窄线宽微波信号的实验研究

实验研究了处于单周期振荡的光注入半导体激光器在频率等于单周期振荡频率一半的1/2次谐波调制下所产生的微波信号的特性.实验结果显示:在合适的注入条件下,处于单周期(P1)振荡的光注入半导体激光器可输出频率可达26.5 GHz、光谱具有单边带结构的光生微波信号,但微波信号的线宽比较宽(MHz量级);通过采用频率为单周期振荡频率一半的次谐波信号调制光注入半导体激光器,可将微波线宽从十几MHz压缩到几十k Hz.进一步分析了次谐波调制信号的功率以及频率对微波信号的相位噪声的影响,并在由次谐波调制信号的功率和频率构成的参数空间绘制出了能实现次谐波频率锁定的分布区域.     

High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter

Ultrahigh-speed tuning of an extended-cavity semiconductor laser is demonstrated. The laser resonator comprises a unidirectional fiber-optic ring, a semiconductor optical amplifier as the gain medium, and a novel scanning filter based on a polygonal scanner. Variable tuning rates up to 1150 nm/ms (15.7-kHz repetition frequency) are demonstrated over a 70-nm wavelength span centered at 1.32 microm. This tuning rate is more than an order of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated and is facilitated in part by self-frequency shifting in the semiconductor optical amplifier. The instantaneous linewidth of the source is <0.1 nm for 9-mW cw output power and a low spontaneous-emission background of -80 dB.     

The time-singularity multifractal spectrum distribution

Although the multifractal singularity spectrum revealed the distribution of singularity exponent, it failed to consider the temporal information, therefore it is hard to describe the dynamic evolving process of non-stationary and nonlinear systems. In this paper, we aim for a multifractal analysis and propose a time-singularity multifractal spectrum distribution (TS-MFSD), which will hopefully reveal the spatial dynamic character of fractal systems. Similar to the Wigner–Ville time-frequency distribution, the time-delayed conjugation of fractal signals is selected as the windows function. Furthermore, the time-varying Holder exponent and the time-varying wavelet singularity exponent are deduced based on the instantaneous self-correlation fractal signal. The time-singularity exponent distribution i.e. TS-MFSD is proposed, which involves time-varying Hausdorff singularity spectrum distribution, time-varying large deviation multifractal spectrum and time-varying Legendre spectrum distribution, which exhibit the singularity exponent distribution of fractal signal at arbitrary time. Finally, we studied the algorithm of the TS-MFSD based on the wavelet transform module maxima method, analyzed and discussed the characteristic of TS-MFSD based on Devil Staircase signal, stochastic fractional motion and real sea clutter.