780W全光纤窄线宽光纤激光器

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器在相干探测、功率光谱合成等方面具有广泛的应用前景.分析了高功率窄线宽光纤激光器中受激布里渊散射效应的抑制方法,以及正弦相位调制光谱展宽理论.采用正弦相位调制技术将单频激光器的线宽展宽至2.9 GHz,通过三级放大结构对输出功率为50 mW的窄线宽种子源进行放大,实现了中心波长1064.34 nm、线宽2.9 GHz、最大功率780 W的激光输出,光—光转换效率79%,光束质量M2x=1.44,M2y=1.43.分析了相位调制前后输出功率提高的原因,认为正弦相位调制增加的纵模降低了光纤中的功率谱密度,提高了输出激光的受激布里渊散射阈值,促使相位调制后的输出功率大幅提高.该激光器的输出功率仅受限于抽运功率,进一步提高抽运功率,有望实现更高功率的窄线宽光纤激光输出.     

相位调制信号对窄线宽光纤放大器线宽特性和受激布里渊散射阈值的影响

高功率窄线宽光纤放大器的输出功率主要受限于受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应,通过相位调制进行线宽展宽可以有效抑制SBS效应.基于窄线宽光纤放大器中的SBS动力学模型,研究了正弦信号、白噪声信号和伪随机编码信号(PRBS)对窄线宽光纤放大器光谱特性与SBS阈值的影响.研究发现,采用不同信号进行相位调制时,调制频率和调制深度等参数对调制后激光光谱的谱线间隔、谱线数目与光谱平整度的影响存在较大差异,进而影响放大器的线宽特性和SBS阈值.通过对比分析,给出了调制信号的类型选择和参数优化原则,能够为窄线宽光纤放大器的相位调制系统设计提供参考.     

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的理论模型和数值分析

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器在非线性频率变换、遥感探测和量子信息等领域有广泛的应用前景.综合考虑受激拉曼散射(stimulated Raman scattering,SRS)、受激布里渊散射(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)、自相位调制(self-phase modulation)和交叉相位调制(cross-phase modulation)等非线性效应,建立了窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的非线性动力学模型.仿真分析了放大器中脉冲激光的时频演化特性,对比研究了抽运脉冲宽度、光纤长度和信号光功率等因素对放大器性能的影响.研究发现,上述因素会影响放大器的SRS阈值、SBS阈值、输出激光线宽、激光转换效率等.例如,当脉冲宽度为800 ns时,SBS随着抽运功率的增加而发生,限制了激光功率的提升;减短抽运脉宽可以抑制SBS,但是输出激光的线宽易于展宽到数百MHz以上;增加光纤长度可以获得更低的SRS阈值和更高的转换效率,但是SBS效应和光谱展宽程度也随之增强.系统搭建中需要平衡各非线性效应,选择合适的系统参数.研究内容可以为窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的设计搭建提供参考.     

1.06kW 13GHz线宽全光纤激光器

分析了高功率光纤激光器中受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应的抑制方法。研究表明,利用宽带噪声源高速相位调制展宽光谱的方法对于抑制SBS十分有效,可实现kW级用于光谱组束的数10GHz高功率光纤激光子束。通过理论计算线宽与SBS阈值的关系,并分析噪声相位调制各参数对SBS阈值提升的影响,优化了光纤激光器设计参数。通过宽带噪声高速相位调制的方法,展宽单频种子源线宽至13GHz,通过两级预放大至10 W后,使用20/400μm掺Yb光纤最终实现了中心波长1064nm、线宽13GHz、最高功率1.06kW的激光输出,光束质量M21.2,光-光转换效率86%,实验过程未观测到模式不稳定性现象。进一步扩宽噪声源频带,加大调制深度,有望实现更高功率的窄线宽光纤激光输出。     

利用交叉相位调制和四波混频制作的时间透镜的仿真分析

利用高非线性光纤中的交叉相位调制和四波混频分别在仿真中实现了时间透镜. 对基于交叉相位调制的时间透镜中的高非线性光纤中的非线性过程进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明, 该时间透镜的主要影响因素为色散、自相位调制与四波混频; 通过采用带有一定色散斜率的高非线性光纤可同时消除色散、自相位调制和四波混频的影响; 另外, 该高非线性光纤的色散零点最好选在信号脉冲和抽运脉冲波长的中心附近. 然后对基于四波混频的时间透镜的实现进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明, 该时间透镜的主要影响因素为色散、 自相位调制和其他的四波混频; 通过设定合适大小的信号脉冲和抽运脉冲的功率可消除自相位调制和其他的四波混频的影响; 另外, 通过在高非线性光纤中引入一定的色散可进一步提高信号脉冲和抽运脉冲的功率, 从而获得更高功率的输出脉冲. 最后对两种时间透镜系统做出了比较. 关键词： 光脉冲压缩 时间透镜 交叉相位调制 四波混频     

窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的自相位调制预补偿研究

自相位调制(SPM)效应会展宽窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的光谱宽度,降低其相干性.通过相位调制对SPM引起的非线性相移进行预补偿,能够使脉冲激光在光纤中进行放大和传输后保持种子激光的光谱特性.基于三波耦合方程开展数值仿真,研究了在对SPM进行"欠补偿","完全补偿"和"过补偿"的情况下,SPM预补偿对受激布里渊散射阈值和激光光谱特性的影响.开展了SPM预补偿实验研究,将脉冲激光的光谱宽度从1.4 GHz压缩到120 MHz.研究内容可以为窄线宽脉冲光纤激光系统的设计搭建提供参考.     

分布式光纤传感中非线性对注入光功率的限制

研究了G.652标准单模光纤中的自相位调制和受激布里渊散射两类光纤非线性效应导致的峰值功率限制.研究表明色散与自相位调制共同作用会引起脉冲波形的畸变,其作用大小主要取决于脉冲的峰值功率.受激布里渊散射则引起脉冲功率在光纤中的迅速衰落,进而限制传感距离,其作用大小主要取决于脉冲能量.实验结果表明,自相位调制对脉冲入射功率的限制作用更加明显.通过对实验数据的分析,给出了光纤非线性制约下光脉冲峰值功率上限值的经验性公式,可据此估算分布式光纤传感系统注入脉冲的最大功率.对于一个典型25 km分布式光纤传感系统,脉冲峰值入射功率上限值约为1 W.     

匹配干涉结构对远程光纤传感系统噪声的影响

研究了采用内调制相位产生载波（PGC）解调的匹配干涉型光纤传感系统中匹配干涉结构对传输光纤拾音噪声的影响。结果表明：当补偿干涉仪与传感部分相邻时,光学微分效应的作用可大幅度降低由传输光纤光路拾音引入的相位调制噪声;匹配光程差的增加不仅加剧了光频噪声向相位噪声的转换,同时也会影响相位调制噪声的转换幅度。通过设计合适的匹配光程差,并将补偿干涉仪进行有效屏蔽后与传感部分相邻放置,可以有效减小系统的相位噪声。研究成果为光纤传感远程传输系统的综合设计及噪声抑制技术提供了理论及实验基础,具有一定的参考意义。     

光纤移频分布式布里渊光纤传感技术

提出了一种利用布里渊光纤环形腔移频技术实现分布式光纤布里渊传感的方法.该方法基于布里渊光时域分析法原理,将一束单纵模运转激光器输出的激光分为两束;一束光入射布里渊光纤环形腔中产生窄线宽的受激布里渊散射光作为斯托克斯光,另一束光经过低频相位调制后作为泵浦光;斯托克斯光和泵浦光分别相向入射进入传感光纤,通过测量布里渊谱得到...     

光纤传输系统中互相位调制和受激拉曼散射串扰噪声的比较研究 I——单级传输系统

在密集波分复用强度调制一直接检测光纤系统中，导出了包含互相位调制和受激拉曼散射共同作用的强度／相位矩阵表达式。在计算强度噪声谱的基础上，研究了互相位调制和受激拉曼散射的相互耦合并用于密集波分复用系统的噪声分析。分析表明，受激拉曼散射主要引入低频串扰噪声，而互相位调制主要引入高频串扰噪声。相邻较近信道引入的串扰噪声主要来源于互相位调制，相邻较远信道引入的串扰噪声主要来源于受激拉曼散射。在单级传输(无色散补偿)系统中，系统性能一般首先受到互相位调制的限制。     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise is harmful to interferometric fiber sensing systems. The localized fluctuating model is used to study the intensity noise caused by the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode fiber. The phase noise structure is analyzed for an interferometric fiber sensing system, and an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with an optical path difference of 1 m, as well as the phase-generated carrier technique, is used to measure the phase noise. It is found that the phase noise is small when the input power is below the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold, increases dramatically at first and then gradually becomes flat when the input power is above the threshold, which is similar to the variation in relative intensity noise. It can be inferred that the increase in phase noise is mainly due to the broadening of the laser linewidth caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is verified through linewidth measurements in the absence and presence of the stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise is harmful to interferometric fiber sensing systems.The localized fluctuating model is used to study the intensity noise caused by the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode fiber.The phase noise structure is analyzed for an interferometric fiber sensing system,and an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with an optical path difference of 1 m,as well as the phase-generated carrier technique,is used to measure the phase noise.It is found that the phase noise is small when the input power is below the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold,increases dramatically at first and then gradually becomes flat when the input power is above the threshold,which is similar to the variation in relative intensity noise.It can be inferred that the increase in phase noise is mainly due to the broadening of the laser linewidth caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering,which is verified through linewidth measurements in the absence and presence of the stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

Phase noise characteristics induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering in the presence of four-wave mixing in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Phase noise characteristics induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the presence of four-wave mixing (FWM) in an interferometric fiber sensing system are investigated. It is found that the phase noise mainly results from SBS and the influence of FWM on the phase noise is negligible. It is due to that the channels are not perfectly equally spaced in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system and the induced beat noise is filtered by the ??kHz/MHz photodetector. The phase noise caused by SBS rather than FWM should be focused on in the practical applications of interferometric fiber sensing systems.     

Broadband wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a 10 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a 20 m highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The tunable wavelength conversion bandwidth (3 dB) is about 100 nm. The conversion efficiency is -16 dB when the pump power is 22.5 dBm. Phase modulation was not used to suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering; thus the linewidth of the converted wavelength remained very narrow. The eye diagrams show that there is no additional noise during wavelength conversion. The measured power penalty at a 10(-9) bit-error-rate level is about 0.7 dB.     

Influence of laser linewidth on performance of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

The effects of optical sources with different laser linewidths on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) are investigated numerically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the spectral linewidth of spontaneous Brillouin scattering remains almost constant when the laser linewidth is less than 1 MHz at the same pulse width; otherwise, it increases sharply. A comparison between a fiber laser (FL) with 4-kHz linewidth at 3 dB and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with 3-MHz linewidth is made experimentally. When a constant laser power is launched into the sensing fiber, the fitting linewidths of the beat signals (backscattered Brillouin light and local oscillator (LO)) is about 5 MHz wider for the DFB laser than for the FL and the intensity of the beat signal is about a half. Furthermore, the frequency fluctuation in the long sensing fiber is lower for the FL source, yielding about 2 MHz less than that of the DFB laser, indicating higher temperature/strain resolution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering limited intensity-dependent four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber

The intensity-dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency is derived by the nonlinear Schrodinger equations including the self phase modulation and cross phase modulation between the two Fabry–Perot modes of a pump and a single-wavelength signal. The maximum FWM for mixing the pump with signal in non-zero dispersion shifted fiber is explained as the minimum phase mismatch for FWM due to equal group delay for the pump and signal. It was also found that the experimental measurements for the generated FWM power are limited by the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold. Under the SBS threshold, the experimental results are still coincided well with the theoretical calculations of the FWM generated power ratio to have the difference of 0.12 dB for the input signal power of 12 mW.     

基于简单MOPA结构实现3.08 kW全光纤窄线宽线偏振激光输出

基于简单的主振荡功率放大结构,演示了一种高功率窄线宽线性偏振全光纤激光器,其最大输出功率为3.08 kW,3 dB线宽为0.2 nm。在整个功率缩放过程中,偏振消光比约为94%,光束质量M 2约为1.4。这是国内外首次实现3 kW全保偏光纤激光输出,与基于相位调制的窄线宽激光器相比,该激光器可实现近似的线宽,同时具有受激布里渊散射阈值高、系统结构简单、成本低等特点。     

光纤移频分布式布里渊光纤传感技术

提出了一种利用布里渊光纤环形腔移频技术实现分布式光纤布里渊传感的方法.该方法基于布里渊光时域分析法原理,将一束单纵模运转激光器输出的激光分为两束|一束光入射布里渊光纤环形腔中产生窄线宽的受激布里渊散射光作为斯托克斯光,另一束光经过低频相位调制后作为泵浦光|斯托克斯光和泵浦光分别相向入射进入传感光纤,通过测量布里渊谱得到光纤温度或应变.利用该方法可将十几GHz的微波频率转化为兆赫信号频率进行探测处理,仅需一台激光器,因此系统结构简单、成本低,还可减小激光器频率波动对测量准确度的影响.实验验证了该方法的可行性.