大气气溶胶浓度检测及检测系统设计

提出了一种双通道交替探测透射和散射的气溶胶浓度检测方法,并设计了相应的检测装置。利用光通过气溶胶后被吸收和散射的作用,采用双光路周期性测量90°散射光及透射光光强,消除了光源老化及探测器灵敏度不同对测量结果的影响。选用MSP430单片机作为主控芯片,通过对激光管施加脉冲信号实现对光信号调制,并在探测接收端进行信号的放大及滤波,有效消除了环境因素对测量精度的干扰。采用该测量装置进行了气溶胶测量,结果显示其线性较好,线性相关系数为0.976 5,表明测量系统稳定可靠。     

大气气溶胶消光系数检测系统设计

利用半导体激光器照射大气气溶胶试样后光强衰减得到大气气溶胶消光系数。光束经过气溶胶后检测透射方向的光强值,经光电转换、信号调理、AD采样后根据朗伯比尔定理计算气溶胶消光系数。采用双通道测量气溶胶消光系数的方法,减小了由于半导体激光器光强不稳定和大气分子对测量结果的影响。对设计的系统以不同浓度的气溶胶进行了检测,其线性度良好,相对误差小于4%。所设计的大气气溶胶检测装置体积小、操作简单、探测速度快,对监测大气污染和能见度等有一定的应用价值。     

基于CCD成像的侧向散射激光雷达几何标定方法

通过分析CCD成像特点,设计了侧向散射激光雷达几何标定实验,得到CCD各像元的角宽度,并确定了CCD像元与散射光位置之间的对应关系.对两次实验中采集的回波信号进行标定,并分别与POM02进行相函数比对、与后向散射激光雷达进行探测信号比对,结果表明:相函数廓线和POM02测量结果相吻合;侧向散射激光雷达信号与后向散射雷达的距离修正信号在650m以上的变化趋势一致.侧向散射激光雷达弥补了后向散射激光雷达在近地面段不能探测气溶胶的不足,该标定方法可靠,为进一步利用侧向散射激光雷达研究近地面气溶胶的时空分布奠定了坚实的基础.     

激光雷达研制及其探测大气气溶胶的实验研究

作为一种激光探测大气气溶胶特征的新技术,采用分子滤波技术的高光变分辨率激光雷达在国际上得到了发展,给出了对这种YAG激光雷达系统的理论分析并建立了实验装置,其接收望远镜孔径为300mm,YAG激光脉冲能量为150mJ。通过数值模拟与初步测量估计了激光雷达性能,测量了大气回向散射信号,测量结果表明实结果与理论分析一致。     

南京北郊气溶胶质量浓度空间垂直分布反演

使用拉曼 米激光雷达在南京北郊进行常规性检测,通过分析激光雷达回波信号,借助气溶胶质量浓度的线性模型和指数模型进行气溶胶质量浓度空间垂直分布反演。为提高反演的精确度,对米散射信号进行近场修正,消除重叠因子的影响,拉曼散射信号进行小波分析等去噪方法处理。处理过的米散射信号用来反演0~3 km大气的气溶胶质量浓度,拉曼散射信号用来反演3 km~10 km大气的气溶胶质量浓度,然后通过2个信号拼接反演中低层气溶胶质量浓度。实验结果:2种模型反演的气溶胶质量浓度在不同时刻的相关性系数为0.991和0.973 6,具有一定的可信度。     

基于CCD的侧向散射激光雷达信号提取方法

后向散射激光雷达是探测大气气溶胶空间分布的强有力手段,但由于盲区和过渡区的存在,限制了它在近距离段的探测范围和精度。基于电荷耦合器(CCD)的侧向散射激光雷达可实现近距离段气溶胶信号的连续探测,且探测精度较高。分析了侧向散射激光雷达中干扰光和背景光的特点,找到了减少它们的方法。分析了激光在大气中产生侧向散射光的特点,找到了同一距离处侧向散射光的叠加方法。应用Matlab编程实现了对信号的自动提取,并与后向散射激光雷达信号进行了实验比对,结果表明该信号提取方法是可靠的、可行的。     

偏振-米散射激光雷达的研制

研制的偏振-米散射激光雷达（PML）,可用于探测卷云和沙尘气溶胶的后向散射光退偏振比以及研究流层大气气溶胶的消光特性。采用窄带滤光片和光阑,将接收到的激光大气回波信号谱线（米散射和瑞利散射光谱）从天空太阳背景噪声中分离出来,以提高系统的白天探测能力。介绍了偏振-米散射激光雷达的结构、技术参数、测量方法和数据处理方法。对偏振-米散射激光雷达的性能参数进行了测定,并对测定结果进行了分析与讨论,给出了偏振-米散射激光雷达对合肥市地区(117.16°E, 31.90°N)上空大气气溶胶的消光特性和卷云的结构、退偏振比垂直廓线以及光学厚度的典型探测结果,对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明：研制的偏振-米散射激光雷达性能可靠,能对大气气溶胶和卷云的物理和光学特性进行有效的探测。     

基于回波信号仿真的瑞利-喇曼-米激光雷达研制

 在分析瑞利、喇曼和米散射仿真回波信号的基础上,研制了一台探测大气温度、气溶胶和卷云的瑞利-喇曼-米散射激光雷达,实现了一台激光雷达针对大气温度、气溶胶和卷云光学特性的多参数探测。为提高瑞利和喇曼微弱回波信号信噪比,采用了极高灵敏度的R4632光电倍增管和光子计数技术;为实现对大气气溶胶和卷云的探测,532 nm回波信号采取高低分层技术、高层通道回波衰减方法和探测器门控技术。瑞利-喇曼-米散射激光雷达的探测结果证明了利用仿真回波信号指导激光雷达设计的可行性。     

大气颗粒物近前向光散射特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

为了考察大气颗粒物近前向光散射特性及其在粉尘质量浓度测量中的应用,建立了大气颗粒物近前向散射光测量实验装置,通过单分散和多分散颗粒物样本的实验测量和基于米散射理论的颗粒物光散射计算,得到颗粒物近前向散射光强度与粒径及分布宽度的关系,结果表明该装置可用于测量环境大气气溶胶质量浓度。通过已知参数的单分散气溶胶样品测量,借助米散射理论计算,可以获得较为准确的响应度数值,并估计测量实际大气颗粒物的误差范围。采用亚利桑那超细标准粉尘进行质量浓度定标,测量城区自然环境颗粒物的粉尘质量浓度,需要约2.5倍的修正。     

大气颗粒物近前向光散射特性研究

为了考察大气颗粒物近前向光散射特性及其在粉尘质量浓度测量中的应用,建立了大气颗粒物近前向散射光测量实验装置,通过单分散和多分散颗粒物样本的实验测量和基于米散射理论的颗粒物光散射计算,得到颗粒物近前向散射光强度与粒径及分布宽度的关系,结果表明该装置可用于测量环境大气气溶胶质量浓度。通过已知参数的单分散气溶胶样品测量,借助米散射理论计算,可以获得较为准确的响应度数值,并估计测量实际大气颗粒物的误差范围。采用亚利桑那超细标准粉尘进行质量浓度定标,测量城区自然环境颗粒物的粉尘质量浓度,需要约2.5倍的修正。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.