共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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根据量子力学原理,氢原子中电子的几率分布由电子的定态波函数可以唯一地确定.在大多数教科书中,通常是将电子沿径向和角度方向的几率分布分别进行讨论,因此很难给出电子在整个空间几率分布的一个完整图象.我们使用蒙特卡罗随机抽样的方法,通过计算机作图形象而逼真地绘制了氢原子中电子的几率分布图,即所谓的电子云.下面介绍所使用的方法. 相似文献
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采用劈裂-伪谱方法求解激光场中的含时薛定谔方程,探讨飞秒激光脉冲中氢原子波包的演化过程.研究了氢原子激发态的径向分布,角向分布、各态布居和电子云密度随时间的变化关系.在用共振激光脉冲控制氢原子波包演化的过程中径向分布、角向分布、各态布居和电子云密度随时间发生变化,但发现径向分布和角向分布在变化的过程中始终经过一些特殊点,并从理论上分析了存在这些特殊点的原因. 相似文献
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由电子绕原子核的经典轨道运动出发,对电子的椭圆轨道初始坐标参数求平均,得到空间密度分布。这分布与经典极限条件下氢原子中定态几率密度相同。类似的比较也推广到相空间进行。由这一比较得出结论:定态氢原子波函数不描述单个原子而描述一个系综。
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通过求解定态薛定格方程得到了园柱形人造原子的能级结构,进而求出了电子几率密度的分布。计算结果表明,电子被束缚在园柱内的条件与位阱深度V0及园柱的园柱的结构参数有关。当园柱的高h=4.00nm,半径α=2.75nm时,要求V0≥4.74meV。在z-轴方向上的电子几率密度分布是以h/2为对称中心周期震荡,并且柱体内外的电子几率的大小是可比较的;而在x-y平面上的电子几率密度分布类似于氢原子,并且柱外 相似文献
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在CST Particle Studio环境下建立了长径比为40的铅玻璃MCP的三维结构,将有限积分法与蒙特卡罗方法相结合,模拟了直流和高斯脉冲偏置下微通道内二次电子倍增过程,得到了通道轴向二次电子云密度的动态分布曲线。结果显示,二次电子云在通道轴向成高斯分布;在直流偏置下电子云在漂移过程中密度逐渐增大,分布逐渐变得集中,当电子云漂移至靠近输出电极位置时密度达到最大;在高斯偏置下,脉宽对电子倍增过程有决定性影响,当脉宽大于二次电子平均渡越时间时,倍增过程与直流偏置相似。 相似文献
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关于过渡族元素壳层填充和电离次序,现行的某些原子物理书籍介绍得不够准确。本文在回顾轨道贯穿的物理实质之后,作简要讨论。 核外电子空间几率分布是电子真实运动的反映。有时也可以从某一方面来研究它的分布规律,如讨论它的径向几率分布。轨道贯穿效应实质是 S、P、d、f态电子径向几率分布不同而引起的能量效应。图1是氢原子的3d态与4.s态径向分布。其特点是每个曲线有(n-l)个峰,4s态有四个峰,3d态有一个峰。可以藉此图对多电子原子的贯穿效应给以形象说明。值得注意的是,多电子原子中各态电子由于几率分布的特点,电子间既有屏蔽共它电… 相似文献
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Qiang Chen 《哲学杂志》2015,95(33):3712-3726
Based on the semiclassical analysis of photoionization microscopy, we study the ionization of the Rydberg hydrogen atom near a dielectric surface. The radial electron probability density distributions on a given detector plane are calculated at different scaled energies and near different dielectric surfaces. We find due to the interference effect of different types of electron trajectories arriving at a given point on the detector plane, oscillatory structures appear in the electron probability density distributions. With the increase in the scaled energy, more types of electron ionization trajectories appear and the oscillatory structure in the electron probability density distributions becomes complex. Besides, the dielectric constant of the dielectric surface can also affect the electron probability density distributions. Since the photoionization microscopy interference pattern recorded on the detector plane reflects the distribution of the square modulus of the transverse component of the electronic wave function, with the recorded interference pattern, we can investigate the ionization dynamics of the Rydberg atom near surfaces clearly. This study provides some reference values for the future experiment research on the photoionization microscopy of the Rydberg atom near dielectric surfaces. 相似文献
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G. Bergmann Y. Tao 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2010,73(1):95-101
The electronic properties of a Kondo impurity are investigated in a magnetic field using linear response theory. The distribution of electrical charge and magnetic polarization are calculated in real space. The (small) magnetic field does not change the charge distribution. However, it unmasks the Kondo cloud and generates a Kondo polarization. The weight of the d-electron components with their magnetic moment up and down is shifted and the compensating moments of the s-electron clouds don’t cancel any longer (a requirement for an experimental detection of the Kondo cloud). In addition to the polarization cloud (of the conduction electrons) an oscillating polarization component with a period of half the Fermi wave length is observed. This represents an internal electronic structure of the Kondo impurity. 相似文献
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在B3LYP/6-31+G~*水平计算四个5,10,15,20-四苯基卟啉类化合物的电子光谱和三阶非线性光学性质.结果表明,电子的最大吸收波长在580nm左右,属于可见光区,源于卟啉内HOMO到LUMO的π→π*的电子跃迁.供电子基团的引入将增加电子云密度,致使三阶非线性光学性质增大.吸电子基的引入使卟啉环上的电子云密度减小,导致三阶非线性光学性质减小.含双键或三键的吸电子基团使电子云密度增大,致使三阶非线性光学性质增大. 相似文献
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A. A. Magunov I. K. Gainullin I. F. Urazgil’din 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2007,71(10):1486-1489
The resonant electronic transition upon normal-to-surface collision of a negative hydrogen ion with a cluster of aluminum atoms has been considered. The dependence of the probability of ion survival on the distance to the cluster surface is calculated for different collision velocities. It is shown that, depending on the incident particle velocity, a cluster of atoms can behave as a bulk sample or a nanostructure with energy quantization over two coordinates. 相似文献
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A. N. Zinov’ev 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2012,6(5):758-759
When an ion approaches a metal surface, an induced charge forms in it, which affects the formation of electronic states in an ion-metal system. The spatial distribution of the electron density near the metal surface has been calculated in the case of the classical consideration and in the framework of the energy density functional approximation. It is shown that the space cloud exists in the form of a sphere segment; in this case, this cloud is shifted toward the approaching ion in the quantum-mechanical consideration. 相似文献
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Tunneling through the localized electronic states, which lie below the levels of isolated shallow donors in a weakly silicon-doped GaAs quantum well of a resonance tunneling diode, has been studied. The contour maps of the spatial distribution of the electron probability density of these states have been obtained by means of wavefunction imaging. It has been found that the wavefunctions have axial symmetry and a shape similar to the ground state of a hydrogen molecule, whereas the characteristic sizes of the wavefunctions coincide with the theoretical predictions for the H2-like states of the donor silicon pairs in the GaAs quantum well with the appropriate binding energies. 相似文献