工作压强对空心玻璃微球表面形貌和性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积-氧化烧结法,在不同工作压强条件下,制备了惯性约束聚变靶用空心玻璃微球(HGM)。利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、VMR显微镜系统和能谱仪对HGM的表面形貌、球形度、壁厚均匀性以及成分进行了表征。分析了工作压强对HGM表面形貌、球形度、壁厚均匀性和成分的影响以及相互关系。研究表明:HGM的表面形貌随工作压强的增大而变得平滑致密,表面均方根粗糙度逐渐减小。随工作压强增大,HGM的球形度没有发生明显变化,而壁厚均匀性得到不断提高,微球中C元素浓度逐渐降低,Si元素浓度不断升高,O元素浓度基本保持不变。     

充气温度对PS-PVA-CH塑料微球性能的影响

 主要研究了PS-PVA-CH空心塑料微球充气时，充气平衡温度对微球强度、球形度和表面形貌的影响。对PS，PVA和CH材料的热重分析结果表明，PS和PVA具有较高的分解温度，而PS-PVA双层球和PS-PVA-CH塑料微球升温后的耐外压实验表明，温度升高后双层球耐外压强度降低很快，不能满足充Ar气需要；而3层球在100~120℃仍有很高强度，在该温度下，可以实现充Ar气。微球表面形貌分析结果显示，高温充气后，3层球表面粗糙度升高。     

用于ICF靶的空心玻璃微球的干凝胶法制备

 为用干凝胶法制备用于ICF靶的空心玻璃微球（HGM），研究了载气组份、温度和压力对成球过程和HGM品质的影响，优化了制备工艺参数。结果表明：提高载气中氦气的含量，有利于增加干凝胶粒子的成球率和HGM的纵横比；适当提高载气中氩气的含量，有利于提高HGM的表面质量。降低载气压力可以提高HGM的纵横比；升高载气温度可以提高干凝胶粒子成球率和HGM品质。当载气中氦气的体积分数在50%~80%，载气压力在(0.75~1.00)×10⁵ Pa，载气温度在1 500~1 650 ℃时，干凝胶粒子的成球率较高，HGM的球形度、同心度和表面光洁度较好。制备得到了直径100~500 μm、壁厚0.5~3.0 μm的HGM，其耐压强度、抗大气侵蚀性能和表面粗糙度等指标均满足ICF物理实验要求。     

精炼温度对空心玻璃微球性能的影响

为实现对惯性约束聚变（ICF）靶用空心玻璃微球（HGM）质量及性能的有效调控,研究了精炼温度对HGM批次产品中A级HGM百分数的影响,实验测试了不同精炼温度条件下HGM批次的平均直径和壁厚、抗张强度、对氘气的保气性能、表面粗糙度及其随时间的变化。测试结果表明:升高精炼温度并不是总有利于提高HGM的质量和性能; 当精炼温度低于1600 ℃时,满足ICF物理实验参数要求的HGM百分数随着精炼温度的增高而增加,但是,当精炼温度高于1600 ℃时,HGM的合格率则随着精炼温度的增高而显著下降; 随着精炼温度的升高,HGM的抗拉强度快速提高,表面粗糙度快速下降; HGM在室温下对氘气的阻气能力快速下降,且在大气中的潮解速率和程度显著降低。     

BaTiO_3晶体薄膜PLD法生长工艺参量研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在单晶MgO基片上外延生长了BaTiO3晶体薄膜.为改善薄膜的结晶质量和表面粗糙度,研究并优化了生长工艺中生长温度和激光能量两个参量,并对薄膜样片实行原位退火.找到了BaTiO3薄膜在优先方向上的结晶效果,分析了结晶质量对生长温度的依赖关系和不同激光能量对结晶薄膜的表面粗糙度的影响.利用X射线衍射仪测定结晶效果与特性,原子力显微镜表征BaTiO3薄膜的结晶表面形貌与粗糙度.测试结果表明,在c轴取向生长BaTiO3薄膜,在(001)和(002)方向上都出现强度很高的尖锐衍射峰,具有较好的结晶质量和较小的表面粗糙度,原子力显微镜测定出薄膜的表面粗糙度为0.563nm.     

放大自发辐射对激光冲击处理7050铝合金的影响

 利用高功率钕玻璃激光器对7050铝合金表面进行了冲击处理,保持泵浦功率不变,用压电传感器和示波器测试了激光冲击产生的压力波形,用X射线应力测量仪测量了激光冲击后铝合金表面的残余应力,并用非接触式光学轮廓仪分析了激光冲击后铝合金的表面形貌,研究了放大自发辐射强度对激光冲击处理7050铝合金冲击压力、残余应力和粗糙度影响的微观机理。研究结果表明:在泵浦功率不变前提下,放大自发辐射强度的增大降低了激光冲击波压力,铝合金表面残余压应力也随之降低,同时铝合金表面粗糙度增大。     

Si(001)基片上反应射频磁控溅射ZnO薄膜的两步生长方法

利用反应射频磁控溅射技术，采用两步生长方法制备了ZnO薄膜，探讨了基片刻蚀时间和低温过渡层沉积时间对ZnO薄膜生长行为的影响.研究结果表明，低温ZnO过渡层的沉积时间所导致的薄膜表面形貌的变化与过渡层在Si(001)表面的覆盖度有关.当低温过渡层尚未完全覆盖基片表面时，ZnO薄膜的表面岛尺度较小、表面粗糙度较大，薄膜应力较大；当低温过渡层完全覆盖Si(001)基片后，ZnO薄膜的表面岛尺度较大、表面粗糙度较小，薄膜应力较小.基片刻蚀时间对薄膜表面形貌的影响与低温过渡层的成核密度有关.随着刻蚀时间的增加，ZnO薄膜的表面粗糙度逐渐下降，表面形貌自仿射结构的关联长度逐渐减小. 关键词： ZnO薄膜 反应射频磁控溅射 两步生长 形貌分析     

GaN基白光LED电极的失效机制

对负电极脱落造成白光LED失效进行了研究。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对退化样品芯片进行了表面形貌表征和微区成分分析。SEM观察到退化样品负极脱落处表面粗糙不平,且透明导电薄膜存在颗粒状结晶。经EDS检测发现负极脱落处存在腐蚀性氯元素,并在封装胶中检测出氯。分析认为,封装胶中残留的氯离子与负极中Al层发生的电化学腐蚀是致使样品失效的主要原因。     

衬底温度对PLD制备的Mo薄膜结构及表面形貌的影响

 运用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在Si(100)基片上沉积了金属Mo薄膜。在激光重复频率2 Hz,能量密度5.2 J/cm²,本底真空10^－6 Pa的条件下,研究Mo薄膜的结构和表面形貌,讨论了衬底温度对薄膜形貌与结构的影响。原子力显微镜(AFM)图像和X射线小角衍射(XRD)分析表明,薄膜表面平整、光滑,均方根粗糙度小于2 nm。沉积温度对Mo薄膜结构和表面形貌影响较大,在373~573 K范围内随着温度升高,薄膜粗糙度变小,结晶程度变好。     

惯性约束聚变靶用空心玻璃微球的渗透性能

为实现对干凝胶法空心玻璃微球(HGM)渗透性能的有效调控,研究了初始玻璃配方、载气成分、精炼温度、精炼区长度、HGM壁厚对HGM渗透性能的影响。结果表明:当精炼温度低于1400 ℃时,初始玻璃配方对HGM渗透性能有显著影响。但是,随着精炼温度的升高和精炼区长度的延长,液态玻璃中碱金属氧化物的挥发比例逐渐增大,由不同初始玻璃配方制备的HGM对氘气的渗透性能逐渐趋近于相同。随着载气中氦气体积分数的降低或HGM壁厚的增大,室温下HGM对氘气的渗透系数逐渐减小。     

Characteristic and microstructure of the microarc oxidized TiO2-based film containing P before and after chemical- and heat treatment

Chemical- and heat treatment was performed to modify the surface of the microarc oxidized TiO₂-based (TOB) film containing P to produce nano-scale compounds containing Na, Ti and O elements. In the TOB film, anatase and rutile nanocrystals were randomly distributed in P-doped matrix. On the surface of the chemically treated TOB (C-TOB) film, amorphous titanium oxide containing Na shows nano-scale ribbonlike morphology. Na, Ti and O show uniform distribution in the outer layer of the C-TOB film along surface depth. Chemical treatment did not alter the surface roughness of the TOB film obviously; however, it improved its hydrophilic property. Heat treatment has no influence on the chemical states of Ti, Na and O, as well as wetting ability, elemental composition and atomic concentration in the outer layer of the C-TOB film. However, the phase compositions and surface morphology of the C-TOB film after heat treatment are dependent on the heat treatment temperature.     

Morphology,Structure, and Crystallization of LaCl Modified Hollow Glass Microspheres/ Poly(vinylidenefluoride) Composites

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/hollow glass microspheres (PVDF/HGMs) composites were prepared by using lanthanum chloride surface modified HGMs. The morphology, structure, and crystallization of the PVDF/HGMs composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results showed that the interaction between the HGMs and the PVDF was improved by lanthanum chloride modification. The crystal structure of the PVDF was not changed by the HGMs, but the crystallinity was decreased. In addition, the Jeziorny and the Mo methods were used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. The results showed that the HGMs decreased the crystallization rates and extended the crystallization time of the PVDF.     

Influence of Hollow Glass Microspheres Modified by a Rare-Earth/Titanium Coupling Agent on the Nonisothermal Crystallization of Polypropylene

Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were surface modified by a rare-earth/titanium coupling agent. Then polypropylene/HGMs composites were prepared by the method of melt blending. The nonisothermal crystallization of the polypropylene (PP) and its composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed the modified HGMs caused a decrease in the peak crystallization temperature and onset crystallization temperature. Further analysis of the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, by using the Jeziorny and Mo equations, showed that the crystallization rate rose with increasing cooling rate. Moreover, the presence of the modified HGMs slightly increased the crystallization rates of PP.     

不同沉积参量下ZrO2薄膜的微结构和激光损伤阈值

ZrO2采用X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了不同充氧条件和沉积温度对ZrO2溥膜组成结构的影响,并对不同工艺下制备的薄膜的表面粗糙度和激光损伤阈值进行了测量。结果发现随着氧压的升高,ZrO2溥膜将由单斜相多晶态逐渐转变为非晶态结构,而随着基片温度的增加,溥膜将由非晶态逐渐转变为单斜相多晶态。同时发现随着氧压升高晶粒尺寸减小,而随着沉积温度增加,晶粒尺寸增大。氧压增加时工艺对表面粗糙度有一定程度的改善,而沉积温度升高,工艺对表面粗糙度的改善不明显。晶粒尺寸大小变化与表面粗糙度变化存在对应关系。激光损伤测量表明,氧压条件和沉积温度对ZrO2薄膜的抗激光损伤能力有着较大影响。     

Spectral emissivity of type E235B low carbon structural steel with different roughnesses

A self-built experimental apparatus was employed to study the spectral emissivity of type E235B low carbon structural steel in the wavelength range 2–15 μm at different temperatures by energy comparison method. The surface roughness and topography of the steel E235B were determined by a roughness tester and a scanning electron microscopy, respectively. And then, the spectral emissivity of steel E235B with six different roughnesses was measured before and after oxidation. The measurement results showed that the spectral emissivity increased with the increasing temperature and surface roughness before oxidation. The effect of roughness on the spectral emissivity is different at different wavelength and temperature ranges. However, the oscillatory behavior of the spectral emissivity was observed after oxidation. To explore the possible reasons for emissivity variation, the changes of surface roughness and optical roughness were investigated after oxidation. It is found that both the surface roughness and optical roughness increased after oxidation. Although the optical roughness can be used as one of the parameters to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the spectral emissivity, it is insufficient to describe the effect of surface morphology on the spectral emissivity.     

反射式高能电子衍射实时监控的分子束外延生长GaAs晶体衬底温度校准及表面相变的研究

以反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)作为实时监测工具,根据GaAs(100)表面重构相与衬底温度、As₄等效束流压强之间的关系,对分子束外延(MBE)系统中衬底测温系统进行了校准,这种方法也适用于其他的MBE系统.为生长高质量的外延薄膜材料、研究InGaAs表面粗糙化及相变等过程提供了实验依据. 关键词： 分子束外延 反射式高能电子衍射 表面重构 温度校准     

粗糙微管道内液体流动特性的实验研究

利用实验方法研究了粗糙度对矩形截面微管道内液体流动阻力特性的影响，采用微观粒子图像测速技术测量了粗糙微管道内的流场结构.实验结果表明：在层流状态下，3%—7%的相对粗糙度可以导致微管道内流动阻力的明显增加，在粗糙单元附近形成的压差阻力是导致流动阻力增加的主要原因.粗糙单元还会引起微管道内的流动失稳，导致粗糙微管道内层流向湍流的转捩提前. 关键词： 微管道 粗糙度 微观粒子图像测速 转捩     

高温下镜面纯Fe的表面质量研究

研究了真空状态下保温60min不同退火温度对镜面纯铁的表面粗糙度、表面形貌及晶粒取向的影响。结果表明:在纯铁的多晶型性转变温度点以下,面均方根粗糙度随退火温度的升高而缓慢增大;在多晶型性转变温度及以上发生突变,从面均方根粗糙度为4~5nm的镜面突变到700nm;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察样品表面,发现在810℃出现再结晶细小晶粒。研究了原材料及860~960℃之间几个温度点的X射线衍射{200}晶面极图,结果发现:晶粒在860℃开始择优取向,随温度升高,取向越来越明显;再结晶对表面粗糙度的影响不大,晶粒的择优取向使得晶粒在不同方向的膨胀系数不同,以及多晶型性转变导致体积的变化使得晶粒之间挤压造成晶粒之间的凹凸不平和表面较深较粗的晶界,这是造成粗糙度突变的主要原因。