剪切散斑干涉术的统计分析

本文用统计光学方法分析了剪切散斑图的成象过程;散斑图的频谱分布以及全场滤波干涉条纹的形成.发现剪切散斑干涉条纹不仅与三维位移微分有关,而且与面内位移量有关.在此基础上又讨论了影响干涉条纹质量的有关因素,并作了实验验证.     

双功能数字散斑干涉位移及空间梯度同时测量

为了满足无损检测中复合材料在复杂载荷下多参数变量评估的需求,提出了一种基于光路复用的双功能数字散斑干涉系统,能够同时实现数字散斑干涉和数字剪切散斑干涉测量功能.通过控制其中一个反射镜-波片组合,当该组合离位时,构成数字散斑干涉测量光路,实现离面位移测量;当该组合在位时,构成数字剪切散斑干涉测量光路,实现离面位移空间梯度的测量.测量过程中只需简单切换该组合的位置就可以实现单次加载下被测物体表面离面位移及其空间梯度的同时测量.该系统光路结构简单、切换效率高,能够同时获得高质量的位移及空间梯度测量结果.实验证明,双功能数字散斑干涉系统既具备高抗干扰能力,又具备高灵敏度测试能力,适合复合材料无损检测现场使用.     

双目视觉DIC测量系统的离面位移测量精度

采用离面位移测量精度达到10 nm~20 nm的电子散斑干涉测量系统验证了双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的离面位移测量精度。分别用电子散斑干涉测量系统和双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统同时测量了平板离面位移,并对所测量的位移最大值进行了分析处理及比较。结果表明,双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的物体离面位移分布云图与电子散斑干涉测量系统的结果基本相同,且两者位移均方根相差为2.76 m~3.56 m,相对误差为4.59%~7.60%。因此,当被测量物体的离面位移大于4 m时,双目视觉Q400测量系统精度可达到电子散斑干涉测量系统的精度。     

相位调制数字散斑干涉术

提出一种可绕Ｚ轴转动的粗糙平板（参考物体）实现相位调制，该方法在不改变电子散斑干涉术（ＥＳＰＩ）或数字散干涉术（ＤＳＰＩ）系统装置的情况下，可用于微小离而位移场（例如最大离面位移为λ）的测量，以及复杂形变的离面位移场的自动测量。     

二次波面干涉的剪切散斑干涉计量术

提出了一种新的剪切散斑干涉方法─—二次波面干涉的剪切散斑干涉计量术．这一方法将被测物体变形前后波面的第一次干涉信息分别储存在两张全息干板上，通过光学信息处理实现波面的第二次干涉．两次波面干涉分别消除了位移和位移的一阶导数场对波面位相的影响，得到仅反映位移二阶导数场的条纹图．     

旋转剪切散斑干涉法的研究

本文提出一种新的动态散斑照相法——旋转剪切散斑干涉法.文中给出了理论分析和初步的实验结果.该方法不仅能在一张剪切散斑图上记录物体动态变形的全过程,而且在全场滤波分析时能方便地给出任一瞬时物体的变形信息,得到清晰的、高衬比的干涉条纹图.该方法设备简单,用途广泛.     

基于改进旋滤波的电子散斑干涉图滤波方法

电子散斑干涉术条纹图在成像时不可避免地受散斑噪声调制,去除噪声是散斑干涉条纹处理的一项重要任务。利用散斑条纹图的方向性,提出一种基于模糊方向的旋滤波:在当前点的领域内定义4个模糊方向窗口,将传统旋滤波的一维、精确方向窗口的确定,转变为模糊方向窗口的确定;在确定的窗口内进行低通滤波时,采用自适应加权均值滤波代替传统的中值滤波。利用该方法分别处理模拟散斑条纹图和实验所得的真实条纹图,并与传统旋滤波、双边滤波和小波丢弃子带方法比较。实验结果表明,该改进算法在滤除散斑条纹图噪声的同时,有效保护了条纹的细节信息。     

散斑错位干涉术条纹的形成与特性分析

通过相关计算及滤波分析,建立了散斑错位干涉术条纹强度的统计分布,从而得到了这类条纹更为一般的特征属性.     

双波长剪切散斑干涉法在复合材料缺陷检测中的应用

为使剪切散斑干涉能适用于物体大变形的测量,选用双波长激光照射和彩色相机,用傅里叶变换法对干涉图进行频谱分离,用红色波长相位减去绿色波长相位,得到合成波长相位,经频域滤波和相位解包裹,得到连续相位.理论计算表明合成波长相位条纹数是单波长相位条纹数的0.189倍.合成波长参与计算可以有效减小相位条纹密度,解决剪切散斑干涉在物体离面位移测量中由于变形条纹过于密集而导致欠采样的问题,同时降低对干涉条纹滤波和相位解包裹难度,增强图像处理可靠度,提高了测量准确度.给出了合成波长与单波长相位幅度的比较以及相同外力下二者相位条纹密度的对比,实验验证了所提方法的有效性、准确性和可靠性,实现了剪切散斑干涉对复合材料大变形的测量,扩展了剪切散斑干涉工程应用的范围,为新型剪切散斑干涉测量系统的设计提供了参考.     

电子散斑干涉载频调制形貌测量方法的分析

根据电子散斑干涉载频调制测量物体形貌的基本原理,物体表面的微小偏转可引入包含物体高度信息的载波干涉条纹。将物体的偏转视为变形,对物体变形与载波干涉条纹之间的关系进行了讨论,得出了离面位移引入载波和面内位移引入含有物体高度信息相位的结论。发现利用典型电子散斑干涉系统测量物体形貌效果最好,并通过实验得到了验证。     

Comparison between instantaneous and integral intensities in dynamic speckle pattern interferometry

A new speckle measurement technique called temporal speckle pattern interferometry or time sequential speckle pattern interferometry has been developed recently. Its principle is that by capturing the temporal speckle patterns related to the object deformation or displacement, the whole-field displacement, the amplitude of the vibrating object and the shape of the tested object can be calculated through speckle intensity fluctuation scanning technique or Fourier-transforming method. In this paper, we combine the analytical and numerical methods to simulate the properties of the time demodulation in temporal speckle patterns interferometry techniques. The performance of three kinds of temporal phase sequences, power, exponential and harmonic phase sequences, are studied with the parameters of temporal speckle intensity fluctuation, the value of the spatial phase term, optical integral time of the recording camera and the initial phase of the temporal speckle intensities. The results indicate that the normalized value and period change of the instantaneous intensity are nearly coincident with that of the integral intensity for the harmonic temporal phase sequences and are different for the power and exponential temporal phase sequences.     

Continual deformation analysis with scanning phase method and time sequence phase method in temporal speckle pattern interferometry

If a laser beam illuminates a continual deformation object surface, it will lead to a temporal speckle pattern on the observation plane. Recording this time-dependent speckle pattern the deformation of the surface of an object can be obtained. Two methods, scanning phase method (SPM) and time sequence phase method (TSPM), have been introduced for measuring the displacement caused by the deformation in temporal speckle pattern interferometry (TSPI). Their principle is that by capturing a series of speckle interference patterns related to the object deformations, the fluctuations in the intensity of the interference patterns can be obtained. Through scanning these fluctuations and estimating both the average intensity and modulation of the temporal speckle interference patterns, the phase maps for whole-field displacements are calculated. In this way one is capable of quantitatively measuring continual displacements simply using a conventional electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system without phase shifting or a carrier. The elaboration on the new methods is given in this paper and experiments are performed to demonstrate their performance with a conventional ESPI system.     

Measurement of dynamic crack tip displacement field by speckle photography and interferometry

Speckle interferometry has been used to measure the transient displacement field around a crack due to stress wave loading. Double exposure interferograms are recorded with a pulsed ruby laser, and correlation fringes formed by spatial filtering of the developed film. A new technique is presented for reducing the noise level in spatially filtered speckle interferograms. Independent fringe patterns, obtained from one interferogram but with the filtering aperture sampling different regions of the Fourier transform plane, are digitised by a CCD camera and combined numerically. It is demonstrated that accurate analysis of fringe patterns by the Fourier transform method can be carried out, even if no carrier fringes are present. The measurements are compared with those obtained by speckle photography. Least-squares fitting of the theoretical displacement field is used to calculate the stress intensity factor at the crack tip as a function of time.     

On the lower limit of one beam laser speckle interferometry

It has been customarily assumed that the smallest measurable displacement by one beam speckle interferometry is equal to the smallest speckle size (σ = 1.22 λF) as resolved by the recording camera. In this paper it is shown both analytically and experimentally that the smallest measurable displacement is smaller than the speckle size as it is usually defined.     

Volume-grating phase-shifting digital speckle pattern interferometry used for measurement of out-of-plane displacement field

A new digital speckle pattern interferometry, called volume-grating phase-shifting digital speckle pattern interferometry, is discussed in this paper. The out-of-plane displacement field of a bent plate can be quantitatively measured using volume-grating phase-shifting digital speckle pattern interferometry proposed in this paper. Theoretical and experimental results, as well as absolute errors, are given.     

Simultaneous measurement with one-capture of the two in-plane components of displacement by electronic speckle pattern interferometry

We present the simultaneous measurement of the two in-plane displacement components by electronic speckle pattern interferometry with three object beams and without an in-line reference beam. Three interference fringe patterns, corresponding to three different sensitivity vectors, are recorded in a single interferogram and separated by means of the Fourier transform method. Then, two interference fringe patterns are selected to obtain the in-plane displacement components.     

Low-frequency harmonic vibration analysis with temporal speckle pattern interferometry

In this paper, the time sequence phase method (TSPM) has been applied to measure the displacement caused by low-frequency vibration in temporal speckle pattern interferometry (TSPI). The principle is that by capturing the temporal speckle patterns related to the object vibration, the whole-field displacement responses (amplitude and phase) of the vibrating object can be calculated through scanning these fluctuations. Thus, quantitative measurement can be carried out using a conventional ESPI system without a camera synchronized to the object vibration or a phase shifting system. The elaboration on the method is given and experimental results are presented.     

Measurement of the off-plane displacement of carbon steel corrosion with twin-object-beam electronic speckle interferometry

In this paper, twin-object-beam electronic speckle interferometry is used to study the longitudinal corrosion of carbon steel. The displacement expression of this technique is deduced and optical fibers are used to reduce the influence of the optical system and improve the quality of speckle pattern. Twin-object-beam electronic speckle interferometry cannot only quantitatively cipher out off-plane displacement as a result of corrosion, but also estimate the change of corrosion speed.     

时间序列散斑干涉场中相位函数的计算

散斑干涉或电子散斑干涉计量应用于连续运动或变形物体时,就会产生一个时变的散斑干涉场,通过摄像系统连续地采集这一时变散斑场,可获得一系列时间序列散斑干涉图,通过对序列散斑图上各点在时间轴上光强值的变化进行分析,提出了一种基于时间序列的分析方法,用以提取干涉场的相位值,进而获得物体全场变形信息。     

A novel method to obtain electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe patterns with high contrast

Traditional speckle fringe patterns of electronic speckle pattern interferometry （ESPI） are obtained by adding, subtracting, or multiplying the speckle patterns recorded before and after the deformation. However, these speckle fringe patterns are of limited visibility, especially for addition and multiplication fringe patterns. We propose a novel method to obtain speckle fringe patterns of ESPI from undeformed and deformed speckle patterns. The fringe pattern generated by our method is of high contrast and has better quality than subtraction fringe. The new method is simple and does not require more computational effort. The proposed method is tested on the experimentally obtained undeformed and deformed speckle patterns. The experimental results illustrate the performance of this approach.