复合扫描全息术及透过强散射介质三维成像研究

应用菲涅耳波带片光学扫描全息术原理，研究强散射介质中吸收体的三维成像.针对由成像物体强散射背景产生的背景噪音，提出复合扫描全息术成像方法.实验中应用这一方法，对嵌埋在浓度为1%，深度为1.7 cm的脂肪乳剂中的吸收体成像，得到了信噪比和对比度较好的再现像.在此基础上，对复合扫描全息成像系统的信噪比，对比度及分辨率等性能进行了深入的理论分析和实验测试.研究表明，与单一模式相比，复合扫描全息术在信噪比和对比度方面有较大改善，但分辨率还需进一步提高.     

合成孔径数字全息的分析模拟及多参考光合成孔径数字全息

分析了合成孔径数字全息的理论和实现方法,提出了多参考光合成孔径数字全息方法及其应用前景,以双狭缝为例,模拟了单幅及单参考光、多参考光两种合成孔径数字全息术的记录和再现方法,对三种方法再现像的分辨率进行了比较.     

相移同轴无透镜傅里叶数字全息的分析与实验

应用菲涅耳衍射和全息理论，详细分析了无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息图的记录、再现方法和再现像的特点，分析了相移数字全息图的记录和再现方法，并进行了相应的实验验证。结果表明：直接对无透镜傅里叶数字全息图进行傅里叶逆变换可同时得到与物体完全相同的再现像及其共轭像；同轴无透镜傅里叶数字全息术能最大程度满足CCD对采样条件的要求，从而可以增大记录物体的尺寸，减小记录距离，明显提高再现像的清晰度和分辨率；相移数字全息术能有效地消除数字再现光场中的零级光场和共轭像，显著提高再现像的信噪比。条件许可时，相移同轴无透镜傅里叶数字全息术是目前解决数字全息术中再现像的分离与满足采样条件之间矛盾的最佳方法。     

全息术及其应用

全息术是一种用相干光干涉得到物体全部信息的2步成像技术。全息术的发展大约可分同轴全息术、离轴全息术、白光再现全息术、白光全息术等4个阶段。全息术具有三维、不可撕毁、再现像的缩放、信息容量大等特点。全息术是一门正在蓬勃发展的光学分支，近年来已渗透到社会生活的各个领域并被广泛地应用于近代科学研究和工业生产中，特别是在现代测试、生物工程、医学、艺术、商业、保安及现代存储技术等方面已显示出特殊的优势。随着全息技术的快速发展，全息技术的产品正越来越多地走向市场、应用于现代生活中。     

自干涉非相干数字全息的压缩感知重建

自干涉非相干数字全息可记录和再现非相干光源照明下物光场信息。但基于目前理论的重建算法对待测光场的不同纵向深度层面进行聚焦重构时,聚焦面信息会受到离焦层面光场信息的干扰。基于压缩感知理论,根据自干涉非相干数字全息的光学记录与再现过程,建立与该物理过程相适应的传感矩阵,从理论上构建实现光场分层重构的数值重建算法框架。基于自干涉非相干数字全息光路,以多个不同纵向深度的LED点光源构建物光场,分别进行计算机数值模拟及实验研究,并且深入讨论光场层面再现距离与各实验参数之间的关系,指出增大各光场层面再现距离间差距的方法。理论及实验研究结果表明该方法可重构不同纵向深度层面的三维物光场,并有效抑制离焦层面光场信息的干扰。     

基于衍射追迹的集成成像重构算法

衍射受限集成成像光线追迹算法所重构的深度平面是物体深度的重聚焦图像,重构图像像质模糊,不利于物体的三维重构。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于衍射追迹的深度平面重构算法,由菲涅耳衍射公式计算物空间点源传播至成像系统各平面的光场分布,最终求得每个采样点在传感器上的光强脉冲响应,通过反解与光强脉冲响应相关的线性方程组,实现物体深度平面的图像重构。仿真结果表明,采用该方法实现的重构图像是物体的深度平面切片,而且图像像质接近于原始图像,有利于物体的三维重建。     

三维面形测量数据的计算全息可视化

提出利用计算机制全息进行三维面形测量数据立体重现的技术。首先利用三维面形测量技术同时获取三维物体的强度和距离像；然后根据三维面形测量数据，设计和制作菲涅耳计算全息图；最后将计算全息和光学全息相结合，以菲涅耳计算全息图的光学再现像为对象，记录光学像全息。这样既解决了计算机制全息术中真实三维物体立体信息数据捕捉的问题，又为三维面形检测提供了一个行之有效的立体重构技术。给出了这种方法的原理、计算全息的设计、制作方案和实验验证结果。     

三维漫射体单波长真彩色彩虹全息术

提出一种新的三维漫反射物体真彩色彩虹全息术,在普通一步法真彩色彩虹全息术的基础上,用单波长激光逆光路再现,可在同一种记录介质上一次曝光记录三维物体的真彩色全息图.因而特别适合于制作光致抗蚀剂模压全息母板.     

基于空间光调制器的三维相位全息图再现像优化

在现有的二维图像再现效果改善方法的基础上,对三维物体再现像质量提高的方法进行研究。基于衍射理论,分析了具有有限填充因子空间光调制器的栅格结构对重构图像质量的影响。编入双线性相位因子到纯相位全息图,使得有效光偏移中心光轴传播,让图像细节得到完整重构再现。然后迭加双会聚球面波相位因子,使得各再现像面与空间光调制器栅格结构引起的多级衍射光聚焦平面的位置进行分离,利用光阑和空间滤波器共同作用来消除高级衍射光以及零级光对重构图像质量的影响。搭建了基于LC-SLM的相位全息图光电再现系统用于实验验证。实验结果表明三维物体再现像质量得到明显的提高。     

应用光学——光学系统设计指南 第十九章 相干光学系统

19.3 全息术全息术是把发光物体发出的波前进行记录,然后把它再现的一种方法。这种波前的再现可以和物体处在应有位置上发出的波场相模拟,在光学全息术中,它将产生与原始波前一样的视觉印象。利用上节中的空间滤波的理论,全息图是一种空间滤波器,它的扩展函数近似于所要求的象,全息图的结构     

Study on the reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital hologram

As one of the most important 3-D display technique, reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography should be grounded on the digital hologram itself. Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, the optical distributions of recorded object and reconstructed image of digital holography have been studied. It has been proposed that the root formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image is the speckle noise formed on the recorded object surface when illuminated by coherent light because of its optical roughness. A novel approach has been presented to reduce speckle noise in digital holography by changing the interference structure of hologram itself. First, by reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image, the distribution of ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise is acquired. Then in turn, taking the ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise as ideal object light, a new hologram can be rebuilt, which can reconstruct the ideal object light. The experimental results are given to confirm the proposed method. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

Potential of digital holography in particle measurement

This paper describes the potential power of digital holography in particle measurement and its expected development in the near future. In digital holography, image reconstruction is carried out numerically on a computer using observed hologram patterns and some quantitative information can be derived from the reconstructed images. In this paper, the basic concept and procedure of digital in-line holography are shown mainly for particle depth measurement and the performance test results obtained in numerical simulations and experiments are demonstrated to examine the potential of the present method.     

Stereoscopic 3D visualization of particle fields reconstructed from digital inline holograms

Holography is a powerful tool as it codes information, e.g. on 3D positions in a particle field in a single 2D hologram. In digital holography, the holograms are recorded on a digital image sensor. It is a particular challenge to visualize a digital hologram's depth information, such that it can be understood intuitively while retaining the advantages of a numerical reconstruction. In this contribution it is suggested and demonstrated how a numerically constructed volume can be used to calculate stereoscopic views, which even in the case of non-diffuse illumination allow for an intuitive visualization of particles’ positions in 3D space.     

Numerical reconstruction and twin-image suppression using an off-axis Fresnel digital hologram

In this work we proposed a novel approach for the numerical reconstruction of digital holography that uses only an off-axis Fresnel digital hologram and can easily be carrying out in a personal computer. From the presented off-axis holographic principle, the reference wave accompanies to the numerically reconstructed image, also makes the separation to the zero-order and twin images. Therefore, the concept can be applied to suppress the blurring of numerical reconstruction by adding the extra reconstruction plane and the formularized numerically reference wave in the reconstruction procedure. As expected, the blurring images can be separated out and removed from the reconstructed image. Then, by performing the back propagating to the exact reconstruction plane, one can obtain the pure object image without the blurring. In contrast to the temporal phase-shifting digital holographic-based scheme that employs multiple exposures the technique can be more effectively and easily overcome the blurring problem, also provide the practical feasibility in the digital holographic application. PACS 42.40.-I; 42.30.Wb; 42.40.Ht     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

Calculating depth maps from digital holograms using stereo disparity

Depth extraction is an important aspect of three-dimensional (3D) image processing with digital holograms and an essential step in extended focus imaging and metrology. All available depth extraction techniques with macroscopic objects are based on variance; however, the effectiveness of this is object dependent. We propose to use disparity between corresponding points in intensity reconstructions to determine depth. Our method requires a single hologram of a scene, from which we reconstruct two different perspectives. In the reconstruction the phase information is not needed, which makes this method useful for in-line digital holography. To our knowledge disparity based 3D image processing has never been proposed before for digital holography.     

数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息术中非傍轴及离焦像差的校正

对数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息图直接采用逆傅里叶变换进行物场的数值重建时.需要满足两个条件:第一,全息图的记录过程必须满足傍轴近似条件,否则再现过程中会产生非傍轴像差;第二,记录全息图时物平面与参考点光源到全息图记录平面的距离必须相等,否则再现过程中会产生离焦像差.理论分析了非傍轴及离焦记录条件下数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息图的灰度分布特点,并提出了相应的非傍轴及离焦像差的数值校正方法.根据实际的非傍轴或离焦记录情况.分别给所记录的数字全息图灰度分布矩阵乘以适当的非傍轴或离焦校正因子,以消除灰度矩阵中非傍轴或离焦因素的影响.然后再对校正后的伞息图灰度矩阵做逆傅里叶变换处理.即可得到准确的数字再现像.实验结果表明.该数值重建方法能够有效地消除无透镜傅里叶变换全息术中数字再现像的非傍轴像差及离焦像差,提高再现像的质量.     

Real-time optical reconstruction of the diffused 3D object using phase information calculated by Continuous Wavelet Transform

We propose the real time optical reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) object from a digitally recorded hologram. Phase distribution of the recorded hologram is numerically calculated by 1-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (1D-CWT) for digital reconstruction with phase only information. Also, the phase distribution of 1D-CWT transferred to the spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to obtain optically reconstructed image. It is observed that an efficient real-time analysis can be achieved, if phase of 1D-CWT is used. In the same time, optically reconstructed 3D objects obtained by only phase information are about three times brighter than bleached hologram intensity's. So the minimum power loss can be obtained. Numerical and experimental results are presented.     

Wavelength-scanning digital interference holography for optical section imaging

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple digital holographic method that allows reconstruction of three-dimensional object images with a narrow depth of focus or axial resolution. A number of holograms are optically generated by use of different wavelengths spaced at regular intervals. The holograms are recorded on a digital camera and reconstructed numerically. Multiwavelength interference of the holograms results in images of the contour plane whose thickness can be made arbitrarily narrow. Objects at different distances from the hologram plane are imaged clearly and independently, with complete suppression of the out-of-focus images. The technique is available only in digital holography and should have useful applications in holographic microscopy.     

数字显微全息重建图像的景深扩展研究

显微物镜的景深问题限制数字显微全息在大纵深视场中的应用. 本文充分利用数值重建的特点, 采取低频和高频系数子图上的最大亮度梯度的局部方差作为聚焦判据, 在小波分解域内对显微全息重建图像的景深扩展问题进行了研究. 对倾斜的连续物体碳纤维进行三维重建, 分析了重建距离与直径测量误差的关系. 以超声波雾化器生成的微液滴颗粒场为例, 对离散颗粒场的重建图像进行了景深扩展. 利用基于广义洛伦兹-米散射理论的模型分别模拟1-15 μm 的非透明与透明离散颗粒的显微全息图, 分析了该方法重建的颗粒场的纵深定位误差与夫琅禾费系数的关系, 对比了非透明与透明颗粒纵深定位误差的异同点. 实验和模拟结果显示出该方法对于连续物体和离散颗粒场的显微全息重建图像的景深扩展能力, 且能由此准确重建物体信息.