全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法，可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布；利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法，通过寻找最大聚焦度值，确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构，使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价，并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.     

Watermarking of three-dimensional objects by digital holography

We present an optical method for information watermarking of three-dimensional (3D) objects by digital holography. A hidden image is embedded by double phase encoding in a phase-shift digital hologram of the 3D object. We decode the watermarked hologram to reconstruct the hidden image and the 3D object. We use either the entire hologram or a part of it to decode the hidden image. Experiments are presented to illustrate the ability to recover both the 3D object and the decoded hidden image. Digital holograms of the 3D object are obtained by optical experiments. The watermarking process, 3D object reconstruction, and hidden image recovery are performed digitally. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 3D object watermarking by use of a phase encoding technique and digital holography.     

Three-dimensional image fusion by use of multiwavelength digital holography

We present three-dimensional (3D) image fusion by use of digital holography. We demonstrate experimentally that, through the image fusion technique with multiresolution wavelet decomposition, it is possible to increase the details and contrast of 3D reconstructed images obtained by multiwavelength digital holography. Although there is substantial activity in the fields of image fusion and holography, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 3D image fusion by use of digital holography.     

Stereoscopic 3D visualization of particle fields reconstructed from digital inline holograms

Holography is a powerful tool as it codes information, e.g. on 3D positions in a particle field in a single 2D hologram. In digital holography, the holograms are recorded on a digital image sensor. It is a particular challenge to visualize a digital hologram's depth information, such that it can be understood intuitively while retaining the advantages of a numerical reconstruction. In this contribution it is suggested and demonstrated how a numerically constructed volume can be used to calculate stereoscopic views, which even in the case of non-diffuse illumination allow for an intuitive visualization of particles’ positions in 3D space.     

数字合成彩虹全息图

提出了一种利用现代计算机技术制作全息图的新方法。数字彩虹全息图是计算机技术、数字图像处理技术应用到传统的合成全息图制作技术中的一种全息图。把用数码设备采集到的图像或利用计算机生成的图像作为全息拍摄的“物”,突破了传统全息只能拍摄实物的限制,实现了全息图制作的数字化。实验结果表明了该方法的可行性。同时也讨论了该方法的优越性及在实际应用中的重要意义。     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

Potential of digital holography in particle measurement

This paper describes the potential power of digital holography in particle measurement and its expected development in the near future. In digital holography, image reconstruction is carried out numerically on a computer using observed hologram patterns and some quantitative information can be derived from the reconstructed images. In this paper, the basic concept and procedure of digital in-line holography are shown mainly for particle depth measurement and the performance test results obtained in numerical simulations and experiments are demonstrated to examine the potential of the present method.     

菲涅尔数字全息的脉冲响应

数字全息是用CCD记录全息图并用计算机数值重建全息像的一种全息新方法.在数字全息中,通过对不同记录参数下记录的全息图的数值处理,可以消除零级光和共轭光,从而将数字全息系统看作是一个线性系统.本文依据全息理论和付里叶频谱分析,对菲涅尔数字全息系统的脉冲响应和分辨本领进行了理论分析.结果表明,在矩形等间隔抽样的情形下,菲涅尔数字全息的脉冲响应是由CCD有限大小的孔径衍射斑调制的矩形函数;菲涅尔数字全息的分辨率由CCD的孔径尺寸决定;由于CCD像素具有一定的大小,使得点光源的像发生弥散.     

像增强器视场缺陷检测方法研究

在数字式像增强器性能综合检测系统的基础上，研究了像增强器视场缺陷的检测方法。通过数字视频摄像机采集缺陷图像，利用数字图像处理方法确定缺陷性质，缺陷处理算法基于图像灰度特征而不是边缘特征提取。该方法适用于对检测对象有具体量化和定位要求，而不是简单的只有数量和形状特征要求的场合。实验表明，该检测方法能够较准确地检测像增强器的缺陷。     

Segmentation of holographic images using the level set method

Image segmentation, which is to distinguish objects from background, has played an important role in holographic image processing. In this work, we propose a technique that uses the combination of rough segmentation and the level set methods for segmentation of holographic images with zero-order diffraction interference. To improve the image quality, we eliminate the interference of zero-order diffraction in digital holography using Sobel differential gradient algorithm based on digital image processing. After reconstruction, the rough segmentation including intensity transformations and Morphology methods is applied to acquire the rough contour of the reconstruction image. Finally, we adopt level set methods to smooth the object contour and improve its accuracy. Segmentation results for objects in holographic images are presented.     

同轴数字全息用于血吸虫尾蚴检测研究

由于水的表面易出现抖动或波动情况,而传统的显微镜成像需要精确的光学焦聚过程,因此不适于观察漂浮于水表面的血吸虫尾蚴.本文论述了用同轴数字全息检测血吸虫尾蚴的基本原理.通过对再现像进行小波分析发现,偏离焦点时的小波变换高频系数的幅值比聚焦时要小得多.针对这一特点,本文对小波变换清晰度评价函数进行了改进,将原来利用高频系数之和改为利用聚焦窗口中高频系数的最大幅值为清晰度评价依据.在模拟实验结果中清晰度评价函数极大值出现在再现距离与记录距离相等处,说明了该算法的准确性.建立了用于血吸虫尾蚴检测的实验装置,可方便获取普通显微图像及数字全息图.实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能实现实际情况下的数字全息自动聚焦,其再现像的分辨率与装有1倍显微镜头的数码显微镜分辨率相当,足以清晰地分辨出血吸虫尾蚴的尾部分叉特征.利用同轴数字全息技术可在水面与图像传感器之间的距离不确定的情况下实现对血吸虫尾蚴的检测.     

Elimination of zero-order diffraction in digital off-axis holography

A simple experimental method of eliminating zero-order diffraction in the reconstructed image of off-axis digital holography is presented. Holographic diffraction grating acting as a beam splitter, an off-axis holography system is formed. The holograms of object with different recording parameters are obtained by adjusting the reflecting mirror in the recording optical system to vary the incidence orientation of the object beam in CCD to introduce a phase shift. The zero-order image can be eliminated by numerically processing the holograms of object with different recording parameters. The theoretical analyses have been done in detail and the experimental results are also given. The zero-order image eliminated, the area of reconstructed image increases remarkably, the image quality can then be significantly improved and the better resolution obtained. The experimental results show that the method presented in this paper is feasible, simple in optical system and easy in operation and data processing.     

Fast Calculation of Computer-Generated Fresnel Hologram Utilizing Distributed Parallel Processing and Array Operation

Fresnel CGH for a three-dimensional (3-D) object is generated by calculating the Fresnel diffraction, but it requires a huge amount of calculation. This is one reason for the difficulty in realizing real-time holography. We propose fast calculation method of computer-generated Fresnel hologram (Fresnel CGH) utilizing distributed parallel processing and array operation. In our method, a projected image with depth information of the 3-D object is prepared to calculate the Fresnel diffraction. The Fresnel diffraction of the projected image is then calculated with depth information by array operation and distributed parallel processing. Parallel processing is realized using JavaSpaces and many standard computers. In our array operation, calculation error in phase distribution on a hologram occurs more than the strict Fresnel diffraction. However, it was confirmed by experiments that the influence of an error can be controlled and ignored. In this paper, our proposed method and some experimental results are shown.     

同轴数字全息用于血吸虫尾蚴检测研究

由于水的表面易出现抖动或波动情况,而传统的显微镜成像需要精确的光学焦聚过程,因此不适于观察漂浮于水表面的血吸虫尾蚴.本文论述了用同轴数字全息检测血吸虫尾蚴的基本原理.通过对再现像进行小波分析发现,偏离焦点时的小波变换高频系数的幅值比聚焦时要小得多.针对这一特点,本文对小波变换清晰度评价函数进行了改进,将原来利用高频系数之和改为利用聚焦窗口中高频系数的最大幅值为清晰度评价依据.在模拟实验结果中清晰度评价函数极大值出现在再现距离与记录距离相等处,说明了该算法的准确性.建立了用于血吸虫尾蚴检测的实验装置,可方便获取普通显微图像及数字全息图.实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能实现实际情况下的数字全息自动聚焦,其再现像的分辨率与装有1倍显微镜头的数码显微镜分辨率相当,足以清晰地分辨出血吸虫尾蚴的尾部分叉特征.利用同轴数字全息技术可在水面与图像传感器之间的距离不确定的情况下实现对血吸虫尾蚴的检测.     

基于Hilbert变换实现数字全息高精度相位重建

为了提高数字全息相位重建精度,研究了基于Hilbert变换重建相位的理论和方法,并通过像面数字全息实验对该方法的有效性进行了验证,同时与数字全息常规重建方法得到的结果进行了比较.结果表明:Hilbert变换本身具有消除直流项的作用,对利用频域滤波滤除零级谱后的全息图进行Hilbert变换,能够彻底消除零级衍射项的干扰,从而提高相位重建精度.与常规重建结果相比,基于Hilbert变换的相位重建结果的标准偏差降低了14.0%.本文结果对提高数字全息相位重建精度具有重要的指导意义.     

Incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging with high accuracy of image pixel registration

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH) is a unique three-dimensional(3 D) imaging technique which has the advantages of scanning-free,high resolution,and easy matching with existing mature optical systems.In this article,an incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging method with high accuracy of spectral reconstruction based on liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) and FINCH is proposed.Using the programmable characteristics of spatial light modulator(SLM),a series of phase masks,none of whose focal lengths changes with wavelength,is designed and made.For each wavelength of LCTF output,SLM calls three phase masks with different phase constants at the corresponding wavelength,and CCD records three holograms.The spectral images obtained by this method have a constant magnification,which can achieve pixel-level image registration,restrain image registration errors,and improve spectral reconstruction accuracy.The results show that this method can not only obtain the 3 D spatial information and spectral information of the object simultaneously,but also have high accuracy of spectral reconstruction and excellent color reproducibility.     

工业CT图像轮廓提取与优化系统设计

为了有效地提高面向逆向工程的工业CT图像轮廓处理的精准性和计算效率,开发了工业CT图像轮廓提取与优化系统。该系统主要包括图像处理模块、轮廓识别与提取模块、轮廓拟合与优化模块、图像处理经典算法库和数据接口等功能模块,实现了从工业CT图像到轮廓数据的三维点云与轮廓线的标准格式输出,并与逆向工程软件对接。同时,在轮廓拟合与优化模块中,提出了基于全局约束模型的轮廓拟合策略,并采用有向图分解和数值代数相结合的计算方法,提高了轮廓拟合的计算精度和效率。最后通过实例验证了系统的有效性和正确性。     

Study on the reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital hologram

As one of the most important 3-D display technique, reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography should be grounded on the digital hologram itself. Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, the optical distributions of recorded object and reconstructed image of digital holography have been studied. It has been proposed that the root formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image is the speckle noise formed on the recorded object surface when illuminated by coherent light because of its optical roughness. A novel approach has been presented to reduce speckle noise in digital holography by changing the interference structure of hologram itself. First, by reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image, the distribution of ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise is acquired. Then in turn, taking the ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise as ideal object light, a new hologram can be rebuilt, which can reconstruct the ideal object light. The experimental results are given to confirm the proposed method. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

一种新型数字式便携光学实验仪

介绍了一种新型数字式便携光学实验仪，该仪器具备光学实验、课堂演示、光学研究和光学测试等多种功能，可完成波动光学中干涉、衍射、全息、散斑以及几何光学中成像等工作。该仪器设计了“又”形布置的轨道以及“工”形支架，实现了3维无级可调，可对光路进行精确调节。此外，以三基色调色原理为理论基础，自行开发了图像处理软件和层式仪器结构。将PC主板与光学台融合为一体，可对图像进行实时数字采集与处理。与传统实验设备相比，该仪器极大地拓展了数字光学实验的应用空间。     

Copyright protection in digital museum based on digital holography and discrete wavelet transform

A new method to protect the copyright of digital museum based on digital holography is proposed. The Fresnel hologram of watermark image is embedded in the object to be protected through discrete wavelet transform （DWT）. After the watermark detection, the copyright information appears in the reconstructed hologram. With the higher redundancy feature in the hologram, the proposed technique can actually survive several kinds of image processing. Experimental results prove that the presented method has good robustness in image protection.