一种提高HWS采样率的透镜式微扫描方法

为改善传统哈特曼-夏克波前传感器对待测波前采样不足的缺点,对哈特曼-夏克波前传感器和微扫描进行了分析,提出一种提高哈特曼-夏克波前传感器采样率的透镜式微扫描方法。通过在微透镜阵列之前加入由PZT驱动的透镜扫描装置,对CCD采集的光斑分布情况进行高分辨率微扫描图像重建,通过对重建后的光斑分布进行波前重构,提高了哈特曼波前传感器对待测波前的采样率。通过对比实验验证,波前复原精度提高了41%,可以有效提高哈特曼传感器对波前探测的精度。     

基于相干波面光强分布的静态干涉图的数字分析

提出了基于相干波面光强分布的静态干涉图数字处理的新方法 ,即在CQG Ⅱ型激光数字波面干涉仪上通过分别微调参考镜和被测镜的倾斜量 ,在CCD探测器上获得形成静态干涉图的两幅相干波面光强分布图 ,利用这两幅光强分布图与它们所形成的干涉图 ,可高精度地完成静态干涉图的数字分析。利用相干原理 ,给出了实现该方法的基本过程 ,并编程实现了该数字分析 ,获得了实验测量结果。通过与相移测量结果相比较 ,验证该方法对口径为 60mm的平面有望达到的测量精度。     

Numerical study of centroid detection accuracy for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

It is crucial for the wavefront sensor to reduce the influence of noise and enhance the detection accuracy of the centroid, which is also an important step for improving the performances of adaptive optics. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis and by utilizing the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) technology, the results obtained by using the centroid algorithms have been compared in detail for the case, in which centroid of the signal is not at the center of the detection area and it also has a relatively large area. It is shown that the size of the signal spot and its centroid position have considerable influences on the centroid detection accuracy. The numerical results agree well with the theoretical predictions and the optimized parameters for each algorithm have been found. The study will be helpful for further optimizing the optical system and improving the centroid measurement accuracy of the wavefront sensor.     

基于优化探测窗口的光斑质心探测方法

 哈特曼-夏克波前传感器进行波前探测时，用子孔径光斑强度的一阶矩来计算光斑质心位置，子孔径窗口作为探测窗口，但探测时子孔径窗口内噪声对一阶矩有很大的影响，会使质心探测精度产生很大的误差。因此在计算质心位置时探测窗口的选取对探测精度有重要影响，必须选取合适的探测窗口来提高光斑质心探测精度。为此，在传统算法的基础上提出优化探测窗口的方法来提高质心探测精度,仿真和实验结果表明新方法提高了质心探测的精度，未经处理的高噪声恢复波前的波前残差峰谷值是2.851 4λ，均方根值是0.606 3λ，优化探测窗口后波前残差的峰谷值是1.636 2 λ，均方根值是0.367 1 λ，重构误差减小了40％。证明了算法的可行性和稳定性。     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

一种适于自适应光学的旋转软刀口波面传感器的研究

利用傅里叶光学理论,证明了一种新型波面传感器——旋转软刀口波面传感器的概念.在经典刀口法的刀口区,以渐变透过率代替突变透过率函数,在光瞳象面上可获得反映光瞳面位置待测波面位相梯度及位相梯度方向的调制信号.文中给出了实验结果和讨论.     

基于已知球面波前的Hartmann-Shack传感器结构参量标定

微透镜阵列到CCD的距离是影响Hartmann-Shack波前探测器精度的主要装配误差之一。对该平移装配误差的修正,能够有效减小波前探测误差。理论求解了球面波前通过微透镜引起的子孔径光斑质心移动量与波前探测器结构参数之间的关系,借助该关系能够求出微透镜到CCD之间的实际距离,以其改进波前斜率的计算。实验验证了理论推导的合理性,并对实际装配参数进行标定,得实际距离为24.2 mm。利用标定后的参数重建波前,其相对误差减小20.4%。实验表明该标定方法能够有效提高波前传感器测量准确性。     

环形激光光束的波前复原算法比较

 针对环形激光光束净化自适应光学系统中的波前传感器子孔径与变形反射镜驱动器布局，仿真比较了直接斜率法、区域法的Fried模式和Southwell模式三种波前复原算法, 其中, 直接斜率法的波前校正能力及稳定性均为最好。     

ICCD型与CCD型弱光哈特曼-夏克波前传感器的性能分析与对比

哈特曼－夏克（Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ）波前传感器由于其光能利用率高、结构简单、通道容量大等突出优点,是目前自适应光学系统波前传感器的主流形式。本文深入分析和比较了目前普遍采用的ＩＣＣＤ型和ＣＣＤ型这两种主要类型的弱光哈特曼－夏克波前传感器的特点和波前相位探测精度,导出了定量分析数学模型,给出了实验结果。此研究结果对弱光哈特曼－夏克波前传感器的技术方案选定和工程设计有指导意义。     

基于Zernike多项式的波前传感器的光子受限的研究

应用基于Zernike多项式的波前探测和重构方法2,利用蒙特卡罗法,可求出探测器在不同的光子数下,其探测精度的变化。文章还给出了由不同的探测器组成的传感器,探测星等的变化情况。     

新型离轴反射变焦距光学系统的多视场检测方法

基于对离轴反射变焦距光学系统进行计算机辅助装调研究, 需要检测离轴反射变焦距系统各个视场的波像差, 除零度视场外, 获得包括其他视场的波像差有助于提高计算机辅助装调的准确性, 但是目前已有的波像差检测方法往往只能获得系统零度视场的波像差. 本文针对这个难题提出了一种检测离轴反射变焦距光学系统各个视场波像差的方法, 并应用于离轴三反变焦距光学系统的各视场波像差仿真检测. 该方法在传统自准直干涉法的基础上进行改进, 关键在于采用变形镜代替扫描的平面镜, 并采用夏克-哈特曼波前传感器代替干涉仪, 配合精确标定的激光器光源阵列, 可以实现对离轴三反变焦距光学系统的多视场波像差同时检测. 由理论分析和仿真模拟得出, 该系统在视场(0°, 3°), (0°, 4.2°), (0°, 5.5°), (0°, 7°), (0°, 9.8°), (0°, 14°)处经过变形镜补偿后的剩余波像差的RMS值分别为0.00039λ, 0.00075λ, 0.0024λ, 0.00017λ, 0.00053λ, 0.0057λ, 分析仿真结果表明此检测方案是可行的, 且适用于离轴反射变焦距系统的计算机辅助装调技术的研究.     

Shack-Hartmann波前传感器在光学检验中的应用

介绍用于光学检测的Shack-Hartmann(S-H)波前传感器,以及相应的检测实验结果。在实验室内,通过与Zygo干涉仪的测量结果对比,得出传感器的测量精度优于/50 RMS(=632.8 nm)。在外场利用星光作为光源,对口径1 m、焦距11 m的望远镜进行了系统波像差检验,测量结果为0.39~0.46RMS之间,并随着俯仰角的增加而增大,主要像差形式为三阶像散。     

A center detection algorithm for Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor

A modified center position detection algorithm of the spot image for the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor was experimentally investigated. The modified center of weight algorithm uses some power from the gray level intensity of the spot images instead of the gray level intensity itself. From the experiments, the repeatability and accuracy of the center position detection of the spot images which used the algorithm were improved when compared with those using the conventional center of weight algorithm. Applications of the algorithm to the measurement of the displacement of the spot images of the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and the experimental results of the closed-loop wavefront correction are described in this paper.     

Measurement of Wavefront Aberration of Human Eye Using Talbot Image of Two-Dimensional Grating

The measurement of human ocular aberration is now frequently performed because of the increase in refractive surgery on the human cornea. The Hartmann-Shack (H-S) wavefront sensor is considered to be the most useful wavefront sensor, and a calculation method for wavefront aberration has been established. New methods of measuring wavefront aberrations of human eyes, using the Talbot image of a two-dimensional grating as a wavefront sensor and local shift of the Talbot image to calculate tilt of the wavefront are shown. The shift of the Talbot image was determined by comparing the phases of fundamental spatial frequency between the grating and the local patch of the Talbot image by Fourier transformation. The actual experiment was performed using a modified commercially available wavefront analyzer. Using these methods, Talbot images were obtained from model eyes and a human eye, and wavefront shapes were successfully reconstructed. Wavefront aberrations can be measured even when the obtained image is degraded by defocusing or scattering.     

Numerical simulation of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to characterize the turbulence phase statistics

Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) is one of the important parts in an adaptive optics system and its detection accuracy has considerable influences on the performances of the whole system. In this paper, a simulator of such type of wavefront sensor is built and tested by measuring the slope structure function of Kolmogorov turbulence simulated by random phase screens. The numerical results show that it works well to characterize the turbulence phase statistics. In combination with the noise simulation, this simulator will be a very useful tool to further investigate and optimize the system parameters to improve the detection accuracy and the performance of the whole system.     

Shack─Hartmann法在4．3米望远镜中的应用设计

本文简述大望远镜波前探测必要性与要求后，提出用Ｓｈａｃｋ─Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ法作主动与自适应光学波前探测，装校时检验。     

哈特曼-夏克波前传感器子孔径合并的理论研究

在大气湍流条件较好而被探测信标光信号极弱的工作条件下,自适应光学系统在实际的应用中需要采用子孔径合并的部分校正方式。本文针对云南天文台1.2m高分辨率自适应光学系统中的哈特曼－夏克（Hartmann-Shack ）波前传感器结构,从光子起伏噪声和CCD像素读出噪声对子孔径内哈特曼光斑质心探测精度的影响的角度,对子也径软件合并和硬件合并两种方案进行了理论分析和计算,导出了有实际应用意义的结论。     

Performance analysis of field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on splitter

We report on a field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a splitter designed to measure the wavefront information of object light with strong background. The analysis results indicate that increasing the ratio of the signal beam intensity to the incoming beam intensity and reducing the sampling frequency of CCD₂ (detecting the pure background light) can properly enhance the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the object light. A special noise removing algorithm was presented to enhance the centroid measuring accuracy, and it was proved to be effective against the residual noises caused by the differences between the two beam paths. The experimental results indicate that the field-of-view shifted Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a splitter can exactly measure the wavefront information from the object with strong background. PACS 42.68.Bz; 47.50.Ef; 42.30.Wb