掺杂型聚合物的电晕极化特性及其机理研究

实验研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(PMMA)掺杂生色团分散红DR19的电光聚合物的电晕极化特性.结合吸收光谱法和显微镜形貌分析了极化电压、极化温度以及极化时间对极化效果的影响.理论和实验分析得出极化电压增大可以增大聚合物内部极化电场,但电压过大会引起薄膜击穿而降低极化效果;而极化温度升高可以增大分子取向力,但在聚合物玻璃化温度以上会导致相分离;极化时生色团分子的取向随时间增大并逐渐达到动态平衡.实验结果表明:表征极化效果的序参数随极化电压的增大而先增大后减小,随极化温度的升高而先增大后减小,随极化时间的增长先增大后趋于稳定.     

2.0 GPa、室温至1 200 ℃条件下斜长角闪岩的纵波速度及其衰减

 利用YJ-3000 t 压力机，在2.0 GPa、室温至1 200 ℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度（v_p）和力学品质因子（Q值）。实验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的v_p和Q值随温度的升高而降低，在升温的初始阶段，v_p和Q值随温度下降的幅度较小，随着温度的升高其下降的幅度逐渐增大；由于斜长角闪岩的各向异性，导致了在3个方向上v_p随温度而下降的幅度显著增大时的温度不同，其中x和y方向为812 ℃，z方向为673 ℃。而在各方向上的Q值随温度下降的幅度显著增大时的温度相差不大，约为812 ℃。观察回收的实验产物表明：当温度大于647 ℃时，产物中开始出现熔体，v_p在x和y方向上的下降幅度没有明显的变化，而在z方向上的下降幅度增大；此时熔体对Q值的影响不大。当温度大于812 ℃时，产物中的熔体含量明显增多，v_p和Q值下降的幅度都显著增大。据此认为，部分熔融是弹性波速度减小和衰减增大的主要原因。     

弗兰克-赫兹实验中电流信号强度随温度变化的现象

弗兰克-赫兹实验中,IP-VG2K信号的强度会随温度和灯丝电压而变化.本文发现在温度低于160℃时,IP-VG2K信号强度随温度的升高而减小;当温度超过170℃后,信号随温度的升高而增大.本文提出了电场中Hg蒸气被热电离的模型,利用热力学平衡定律和Le Chteler原理,对此现象提出了合理的解释并通过了实验的验证.     

钛膜的电解抛光技术研究

 分析了硫酸、硝酸、氢氟酸；硫酸、乙酸、氢氟酸；乙醇、正丁醇、氯化锌、氯化铝；高氯酸、乙酸；硫酸、甲醇这５种不同电解液组成对钛薄膜表面粗糙度、表面形貌的影响，得出硫酸、甲醇混合溶液是一种较理想的电解液体系。设置合适的抛光电压、温度、时间、泵速等工艺参数，制备出了表面平整光滑，平均粗糙度小于30 nm的钛膜。分析了硫酸、甲醇电解液阳极电压与试样表面减薄速率的关系：试样的减薄速率开始随电压的升高而增大；当电压达到28～34 V时，减薄速率随电压变化很慢，当电压继续增大时，减薄速率又会迅速增大，金属膜继续溶解。     

磁性流体的非线性声参量B/A的研究

报导了水基和酯基磁性流体的非线性声参量B／A值随浓度和温度的变化关系。实验研究表明，磁性流体的B／A值随磁性颗粒浓度的增大而线性增大；磁性流体的B／A值随温度的升高而线性增大。还对超声波在磁性流体中传播的声速进行了精确测量。     

天然气水合物快速合成可视化实验研究

水合物法储运天然气技术在安全、高效储运天然气方面极具应用潜力，其中甲烷水合物合成动力学又对该技术的发展至关重要。为此，实验研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度以及初始压力、初始温度对四氢呋喃(THF)+SDS组合溶液中甲烷水合物合成动力学的影响规律。研究表明，SDS的加入显著地改善了水合物合成速率和最终气体吸收量，但随着SDS浓度增加动力学促进效果逐渐减弱，即存在动力学效果最佳的SDS浓度。此外，SDS不但加速了水合物的生长，而且随SDS浓度增加水合物的生长模式也由优先气相转变为优先液相。最后发现，甲烷水合物最终气体吸收量随初始压力和初始温度升高而增加，合成速率随初始压力升高而增加随初始温度升高而减小。     

气体浓度激光光谱检测温度影响修正研究

基于激光吸收光谱技术的气体检测手段具有非接触，分辨率高，灵敏度高等优势，然而激光在线检测气体过程易受温度变化导致其浓度测量偏差增大。以氨气为研究对象，探究了温度对氨气吸收谱线线强的影响规律及影响机制，搭建了非常温条件（298 K至323 K）氨气激光检测实验平台，提出了气体吸光度-温度关联式法对浓度反演结果进行修正处理。结果表明:浓度一定时，总配分函数比值rQ是氨气分析吸收线强随温度升高过程中的主导控制因素，总配分函数比值与温度的负相关关系造成氨气光谱吸光度随温度升高而降低；修正前浓度反演值随着温度升高而降低，温度达到323 K时，浓度反演值为3.13%，与标准浓度值相比其误差高达37.4%，经过修正后的浓度反演值与标准浓度值的相对误差在0.2%～1.4%范围内。     

针-水结构纳秒脉冲气液放电降解四环素

过度使用抗生素导致的水污染,对自然环境和人类健康造成了重大威胁。低温等离子体作为一种绿色环保的高级氧化技术,被认为是一种最具前景的抗生素降解方法之一,然而在降解效率和能量效率方面还有待进一步提高。利用纳秒脉冲放电激励针-水结构气液放电,获得了一种能产生高活性等离子体的瞬态火花模式放电,并应用于水中四环素降解,研究了脉冲电压、频率、初始浓度、初始pH值等参数对四环素降解的影响,结果表明初始浓度50 mg/L,脉冲电压9 kV、频率2 kHz,初始pH值为中性的条件下四环素的降解率最高,处理时间10 min时降解率达到了91.6%,能量效率和每阶电能分别为0.165 g·kW^-1·h^-1和0.78 kW·h·m^-3。自由基淬灭实验表明羟基自由基(·OH)在四环素降解过程中起主要作用,而H₂O₂和O₃的作用稍弱。细胞毒性实验也表明气液放电处理10 min后的溶液毒性显著下降。     

大肠杆菌悬浮液强化扩散传质的实验研究

实验测量罗丹明B在大肠杆菌悬浮液中的扩散系数,考察大肠杆菌悬浮液温度、浓度和细菌活性对罗丹明B扩散传质的影响。实验结果表明,罗丹明B在悬浮液中的有效扩散系数比其在磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)中的扩散系数大1个数量级,且有效扩散系数随悬浮液温度升高和细菌浓度增大而增大;细菌自驱动行为是强化悬浮液中小分子扩散传质的重要因素,罗丹明B的活性扩散系数随细菌悬浮液浓度增加和温度升高而增大,活性扩散系数因细菌的集群运动会随悬浮液浓度变化发生阶跃增大;均方位移和扩散时间的对应关系表明罗丹明B的扩散在短时间内为标准菲克扩散,一段时间后转变为超扩散,且转变时间随悬浮液温度升高而延迟,随着悬浮液浓度增加而提前。     

超高压处理对多酚氧化酶活性的影响

 研究了超高压中温协同处理对砀山梨汁中多酚氧化酶活性的影响,实验压力为0.1~500 MPa,温度为20~60 ℃。此外,考察了不同pH值（3~7）和保压时间（2~34 min）超高压处理对酶活性的影响。实验结果分析表明：在处理温度为50 ℃、保压时间为10 min和梨汁pH值为5的条件下,200~300 MPa处理梨汁时多酚氧化酶被激活,活性表现最高;500 MPa时酶的活性下降到75.3%。协同温度为30 ℃处理梨汁时,酶的活性反而增大;30 ℃以后,酶活性随温度升高而迅速降低;有效协同高压处理的温度为40 ℃。随着保压时间的延长,梨汁中过氧化物酶的活性减小;18 min以前下降速度较快些,之后下降速度变缓。pH在5~6之间,酶的残留活性最大;pH值为6时,梨汁中多酚氧化酶最为耐压。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.