一种基于光子晶体光纤的高灵敏度Sagnac型温度传感器建模研究

为提高Sagnac型温度传感器的测温范围和灵敏度，提供了一种具有高双折射高温度灵敏度特性的光子晶体光纤设计方法。通过在光纤空气孔内填充温敏液体材料，使光纤具有良好的温敏特性。在COMSOL中建立该光子晶体光纤的电磁场模型并对光纤特性进行分析计算，利用有限元法分析结构参数对双折射和光纤双折射温度灵敏度的影响，并在所确定结构基础上研究了温敏液体的填充方式和填充液体类型对光纤温敏特性的影响。确定了最优的结构和液体填充方式，最优情况下该光纤的双折射温度灵敏度能够达到2.050 7×10^-5/℃，在1 550 nm处可获得5.96×10^-2的双折射。将2 mm光子晶体光纤应用于Sagnac型温度传感器中并进行传感性能仿真分析，利用多项式拟合的方法对结果数据进行拟合以分析传感器的温度灵敏度，提高拟合准确性、减小测量误差。结果表明在0～75℃范围内传感器平均灵敏度可达11.28 nm/℃，与现有典型Sagnac型温度传感器相比，本文Sagnac型温度传感器在尽量减小光纤长度的基础上获得了较高的温度灵敏度，并且测温范围更大、准确性更高。因此，该传感器在温度测...     

基于低双折射光子晶体光纤Sagnac干涉仪的超低温度系数扭曲传感器

研究了低双折射光子晶体光纤中由光纤扭曲造成的圆双折射效应,并应用Sagnac干涉仪结构设计了扭曲传感器.在Sagnac环中的光子晶体光纤上施加机械压力引入初始线双折射并产生正弦干涉光谱,再扭曲光纤产生圆双折射使干涉光谱随扭曲角度移动.光谱峰值波长随扭曲角度变化符合Sinc函数关系,理论分析与实验相符.传感器灵敏度为1.00 nm/°,分比率为0.01°,并具有超低的温度系数-0.5 pm/℃.     

基于二阶保偏光纤Sagnac环光纤激光器的振动检测研究

提出了一种可用于振动检测的新型光纤光栅传感技术. 用偏振控制器和高双折射保偏光纤构建成Sagnac环, 结合掺铒光纤、单模光纤和隔离器, 形成了单波长光纤激光器, 由粘有光纤Bragg光栅的悬臂梁作为传感探头, 并利用Sagnac环本身的线性边缘, 解调振动信号. 阐述了Sagnac环原理及其产生的边缘效应, 并进行了数值模拟计算, 对振动信号进行了检测实验, 检测系统从L₁到L₁+L₂之间对应的周期可调, 灵敏度高达38.2 μ W/nm, 线性度为0.9996, 动态范围在40–70 dB, 可满足振动传感检测的技术参数要求. 关键词： 光纤光学 振动检测 保偏光纤Sagnac环 光纤激光器     

基于保偏光子晶体光纤的Sagnac干涉温度与应变传感特性

提出一种基于Sagnac干涉原理的光纤传感器,并将其用于温度和应变的环境检测。实验中,选用乙醇溶液填充前后的保偏光子晶体光纤（PM-PCF）作为传感单元。首先,将未填充乙醇溶液的PM-PCF熔接到Sagnac干涉环路中,依靠PM-PCF基底材料的光热效应和光弹性效应,分别在26～50℃温度范围内和0～900μ?应变范围内,实现了-1.72 nm/℃的温度传感灵敏度和35.35 pm/μ?的应变灵敏度。然后,利用氮气加压装置,将乙醇溶液填充到PM-PCF包层空气孔内。这是利用功能材料的外场调谐作用来增强Sagnac干涉仪的传感性能。填充乙醇溶液后,该传感器的温度灵敏度达到-2.66 nm/℃,约为原始PM-PCF温度灵敏度的1.55倍。所提出的用于温度和应变测量的Sagnac干涉传感器结构较为简单,具有良好的迟滞性,对提升光纤传感灵敏度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于游标效应的增敏型光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪温度传感器

本文介绍了一种高灵敏度光纤温度传感器.该传感器由一小段毛细管熔接于单模光纤和一段大模场光纤之间而构成串联的两个法布里-珀罗干涉仪.由于俩干涉仪具有相近的自由光谱区,因而它们的叠加光谱会产生游标效应.实验结果显示,利用游标效应解调,该传感器的温度灵敏度可从单一空气腔法布里-珀罗干涉仪的0.71 pm/℃提高到179.30 pm/℃.该传感器结构紧凑(1 mm)且灵敏度高,具有良好的应用前景.     

基于低双折射光子晶体光纤Sagnac干涉仪的超低温度系数扭曲传感器

研究了低双折射光子晶体光纤中由光纤扭曲造成的圆双折射效应,并应用Sagnac干涉仪结构设计了扭曲传感器.在Sagnac环中的光子晶体光纤上施加机械压力引入初始线双折射并产生正弦干涉光谱,再扭曲光纤产生圆双折射使干涉光谱随扭曲角度移动.光谱峰值波长随扭曲角度变化符合Sinc函数关系,理论分析与实验相符.传感器灵敏度为1....     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器

提出了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的保偏光子晶体光纤(PM-PCF)氢气传感器,建立了传感模型并进行了实验研究和验证。采用对靶磁控溅射技术将钯银(Pd/Ag)合金快速均匀地沉积在保偏光子晶体光纤侧面,并利用Pd吸收氢气后的形变调制保偏光子晶体光纤的双折射,通过测量Sagnac干涉仪输出光谱峰值的变化实现氢气浓度的测量。实验结果表明该传感器可检测的氢气浓度范围为0%~4%,且具有良好的重复性。室温下对低浓度氢气具有较高的灵敏度,氢气浓度由0%变化到1%时的波长偏移量达1.307nm。采用双折射温度不敏感的保偏光子晶体光纤,可很好地抑制外界温度变化对传感器的干扰。     

基于高双折射Sagnac环的可调环形腔掺铒光纤激光器理论与实验研究

报道了一种利用偏振控制器（PC）和保偏光纤（PMF）组成的高双折射Sagnac干涉环实现选频和调谐的环形腔掺铒光纤激光器.理论模拟了PMF和PC对波长的控制作用.实验中调节PC得到了单波长、双波长和多波长激光;并验证了滤波间隔随PMF长度的变化规律.实验中得到了斜率效率20%,3 dB线宽0.016 nm,30 dB线宽0.097 nm,边模抑制比（SMSR）40 dB左右的稳定激光输出. 关键词： 光纤激光器 Sagnac干涉环 环形腔 掺铒光纤     

基于长周期光纤光栅和保偏光纤Sagnac环光谱特性的温度与应变测量研究

提出并研制了一种结构简单、成本低廉的温度与应变同时测量系统,其结构是在保偏光纤Sagnac环内接入一个长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)。利用LPFG对保偏光纤Sagnac环的透射光谱进行调制,通过监测谐振峰波长和强度的变化,发现波长随温度和保偏光纤的应变变化,强度随LPFG的应变变化,因此可以实现温度与应变的区分测量,并且可判断出应变的施加位置。实验得到该系统的温度灵敏度为0.181 81 nm·℃-1,LPFG区的应变灵敏度为0.005 283 dB·με-1,保偏光纤Sagnac环区的应变灵敏度为0.015 72 nm·με-1。实验结果表明该方案可行,并具有一定的实用性。     

监测点波长对高双折射光纤环镜轴向应变灵敏度的影响

研究了高双折射光纤环镜监测点波长对轴向应变灵敏度的影响. 经理论推导得出高双折射光纤环镜轴向应变灵敏度公式. 结果表明: 当高双折射光纤材料选定后, 灵敏度随着监测点波长的增大而增大; 当监测点选定后, 监测点的灵敏度为常数, 波长变化与应变成线性关系. 实验选取不同波长的波峰进行应变灵敏度监测, 对各监测点进行数据拟合, 实验结果与理论分析一致. 研究结果对提高高双折射光纤环镜应变、温度等灵敏度具有指导意义. 关键词： 波长 灵敏度 监测点 高双折射光纤环镜     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.