连续变量二类倍频过程中的量子信息操控

从Ⅱ类匹配倍频过程的半经典运动方程出发,讨论了阈值以下三共振Ⅱ类倍频过程中两个非简并基频光模为振幅压缩光场时产生的谐振倍频光场的量子起伏特性。通过对输入基频光场的振幅压缩调节来实现对倍频光场压缩度的控制。结果表明在这个系统中基频光场的量子起伏直接控制着倍频光场的量子起伏。这种以非线性过程实现的量子信息调控在量子通讯及量子网络中具有重要的意义。     

用非本征吸收区的透射系数研究CdSeS量子点玻璃的非线性系数

通过CdSeS量子点玻璃在非本征吸收区的透射系数,研究CdSeS量子点玻璃的非线性光学系数与量子点半径的关系。实验测量了嵌有不同尺寸CdSeS量子点玻璃的吸收光谱,在非本征吸收区量子点玻璃的透射系数随量子点半径的增大,先增大后减小;理论分析了半导体量子点玻璃非本征吸收区透射系数与非线性光学系数之间的关系;实验与理论相结合,建立了非本征吸收区透射系数与非线性光学系数之间的联系。研究分析了CdSeS量子点玻璃的非线性光学系数随量子点半径的变化,得到CdSeS量子点玻璃在非本征吸收区的非线性光学系数随量子点半径的增大,先减小后增大的结果。     

CdSeS量子点的光学非线性特性

以脉冲宽度为35 ps,基频为1064 nm的Nd:YAG锁模激光器二倍频532 nm的激光作激发,利用Z-扫描技术研究了CdSeS量子点的光学非线件特性.实验结果表明CdSeS量子点在532 nm光激发下具有很大的非线性吸收效应,该吸收效应来自于光学三阶效应引起的双光子吸收.在不同的入射光强下观测了CdSeS量子点的Z-扫描曲线,实验表明,CdSeS具有大的非线性折射率1.9×10-8esu和大的双光子吸收截面25283 GM,比现在使用的ZnS量子点高出近2个数量级.     

高效外腔倍频产生426 nm激光的实验研究

利用与铯原子吸收线对应的852 nm半导体激光作为基频光,泵浦基于周期极化磷酸钛氧钾(PPKTP)晶体的环形腔,进行高效外腔谐振倍频并产生426 nm激光.在理论分析小角度环形腔内的热透镜效应基础上,发现晶体中等效热透镜中心位置并非在晶体的几何中心.在理论分析的基础上,实验上通过精密平移台精细调节PPKTP晶体在腔内位置,使得等效热透镜中心位置与谐振腔的腰斑位置重合,进而减小晶体热透镜效应导致的模式失配对倍频效率的影响.在泵浦功率为515 mW时产生了428 mW的426 nm激光输出,对应的倍频转换效率为83.1%.此高效倍频过程为制备与铯原子吸收线相匹配的非经典光场提供有效泵浦光,为推动量子非经典光场的应用以及量子信息科学的发展奠定基础.     

量子点激子超辐射的条件和量子点集合的相干辐射

半导体量子点的激子超辐射出现的条件是本文激子超辐射的理论研究中的重点,我们的理论推导结果揭示要观测到半导体量子点的激子超辐射必须采用短于百飞秒的激发源。我们用ZnO单量子点观察到激子超辐射,同时测量和分析讨论了量子点集合的相干辐射性质,发现单量子点超辐射的二次方泵浦与辐射强度关系被大量量子点间的线性递增所掩盖。     

基于单晶体的可调谐参量超荧光的产生

研究了一种基于单晶体的可调谐超荧光产生机理，在一个偏硼酸钡(BBO)晶体中实现了飞秒脉冲倍频过程和光参量产生过程.实验中采用kHz高功率钛宝石激光系统输出的飞秒脉冲光倍频后的蓝光作为抽运光，获得了可调谐范围为480—530 nm参量超荧光光谱输出.理论上分析了这种超荧光产生机理，并利用放大传递函数模拟出参量超荧光环的产生过程.结果表明，在一个BBO晶体中，当抽运光源输出光入射晶体角度同时满足倍频相位匹配角和非共线光参量产生相位匹配角时可产生参量超荧光环，通过微调相位匹配角可控制参量超荧光光谱调谐输出.该理论和实验研究为控制参量超荧光和量子纠缠态的产生提供了理论依据，对于量子成像和量子通讯等领域的发展具有重要意义.     

丁酰胆碱和硫代胆碱与CdTe量子点的络合特征以及光谱性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论,研究了丁酰胆碱和硫代胆碱在CdTe量子点上的络合特征.优化了稳定的络合构型,计算了吸附能、电荷密度、前沿分子轨道以及紫外可见吸收光谱.研究发现：丁酰胆碱在CdTe量子点上的吸附能较小、与量子点之间的电子相互作用较弱,属于物理吸附,紫外可见光吸收强度较弱.而硫代胆碱与量子点之间存在化学吸附,存在强的电子相互作用,紫外可见光吸收强度增强.我们的研究结果为实验中使用CdTe量子点检测丁酰胆碱酯酶提供了理论支持.     

Ge/Si半导体量子点的应变分布与平衡形态

基于各向异性弹性理论的有限元方法，研究了金字塔形自组织Ge/Si半导体量子点应变能随高宽比变化的规律：系统的应变能随着高宽比的增大而逐渐减小.并通过自由能(应变能与表面能之和)讨论了量子点的平衡形态.结果表明，对于固定体积的量子点，存在一个高宽比值，称之为平衡高宽比，使得系统的自由能最低.同时，还给出了量子点的应力、应变、流体静应变及双轴应变分布.这些可以作为阐明应变自组织量子点实验的理论基础. 关键词： 量子点 应变分布 自由能 平衡形态     

生长方向对量子点应变与应变弛豫的影响

由于材料弹性的各向异性与表面能的各向异性, 不同的生长方向或生长面, 量子点有不同的力学性能与行为. 本文基于各向异性弹性理论的有限元方法, 以金字塔型自组织InAs/GaAs半导体量子点为研究对象, 分别在7个常见的生长方向或生长面上, 对其应变能和应变弛豫能、自由能等进行了分析计算, 得到了这些能量随生长方向的变化规律. 结果表明(211)量子点应变弛豫能最大, 而(100)量子点应变弛豫能最小. 这些结果可为可控制备量子点提供理论参考. 关键词： 量子点 生长方向 平衡形态 应变弛豫     

镶嵌于玻璃中的CdSe_(1-x)S_x量子点的电调制光谱测量

采用直流偏置的交流调制电场测量了玻璃中各向同性的CdSe1 xSx 量子点的电调制光谱 ,介绍了各向同性材料电调制光谱的测量方法 ,分析了与一般电调制光谱测量方法不同的原因。采用偏置后的交流调制电场 ,可以检测到与电场同频率 ( 1f)而位相差 90°的CdSe1 xSx 量子点的电吸收信号 ,该信号比采用二倍频检测 ( 2 f)的信号大一个数量级 ,比通常采用正弦波调制电场的信号大 3个数量级。采用直流偏置调制电场有利于各向同性材料的电光性能的测量     

非对称耦合量子阱Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe的二次谐波产生及其光学各向异性研究

采用反射式二次谐波产生方法对非对称Ⅱ-Ⅵ族耦合量子阱Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe的非线性光学特性进行了研究。与衬底相比,非对称量子阱在可见光波段的二次谐波信号增强一个量级以上。测量和比较了室温下量子阱样品与衬底样品的荧光光谱,研究了在入射光和反射光均为p偏振,以及入射光和反射光分别为s偏振和p偏振两种情况下,二次谐波强度随样品旋转方位角的变化关系,可见其有非常明显的二阶非线性一光学各向异性。     

Electronic and Optical Properties of a Lens Shaped Quantum Dot under Magnetic Field: Second and Third-Harmonic Generation

In the present work, we have studied electronic and optical properties of a lens-shaped quantum dot under an external magnetic field. For this goal, we have calculated the energy levels and wave functions using the finite element method(FEM) for different values of magnetic field. We have also studied effect of magnetic field on second harmonic generation(SHG) and third-harmonic generation(THG) in the lens-shaped quantum dot. In this regard, we have obtained an analytic expression for the SHG and THG by a compact density matrix approach and an iterative procedure. According to the obtained results, it is found that the presence of the magnetic field affects the symmetry of the system. The SHG and THG are decreased with increasing the magnetic field. The magnetic field has a great influence on the energy levels, wave functions, the SHG and THG in a lens shaped quantum dot.     

Electronic and Optical Properties of a Lens Shaped Quantum Dot under Magnetic Field：Second and Third-Harmonic Generation

In the present work, we have studied electronic and optical properties of a lens-shaped quantum dot under an external magnetic field. For this goal, we have calculated the energy levels and wave functions using the finite element method (FEM) for different values of magnetic field. We have also studied effect of magnetic field on second harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) in the lens-shaped quantum dot. In this regard, we have obtained an analytic expression for the SHG and THG by a compact density matrix approach and an iterative procedure. According to the obtained results, it is found that the presence of the magnetic field affects the symmetry of the system. The SHG and THG are decreased with increasing the magnetic field. The magnetic field has a great influence on the energy levels, wave functions, the SHG and THG in a lens shaped quantum dot.     

Optical second harmonic generation in asymmetric double triangular quantum wells

The second harmonic generation (SHG) in the asymmetric double triangular quantum wells (DTQWs) is investigated theoretically. The dependence of the SHG coefficient on the right-well width of the DTQWs is studied, and the influence of the applied electric field on SHG coefficient is also taken into account. The analytical expression of the SHG coefficient is analyzed by using the compact density-matrix approach and the iterative method. Finally, the numerical calculations are presented for the typical GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs asymmetric DTQWs. The results show that the calculated SHG coefficient in this coupled system can reach the magnitude of 10⁻⁵ m/V, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in step quantum well, and that in double square quantum wells. Moreover, the SHG coefficient is not a monotonic function of the right-well width, but has complex relationship with it. The calculated results also reveal that an applied electric field has a great influence on the SHG coefficient. Applying an appropriate electric field to a DTQW with a wider right well can induce a sharper peak of the SHG coefficient due to the double-resonant enhancement.     

Studies on the second-harmonic generations in cubical quantum dots with applied electric field

The second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient for cubical quantum dots (CQDs) with the applied electric field is theoretically investigated. Using the compact density-matrix approach and the iterative method, we get the analytical expression of the SHG coefficient. And the numerical calculations for the typical GaAs/AlAs CQDs are presented. The results show that the SHG coefficient can reach the magnitude of 10⁻⁵ m/V, about two orders higher than that in spherical quantum dot system. More importantly, the SHG coefficient is not a monotonic function of the length L of CQDs as well as the applied field F. If we select suitable values of F and L, we will get a higher value of the SHG coefficient. In addition, the relaxation rate also affects the SHG coefficient obviously.     

Studies on the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Parabolic and Semi-parabolic Quantum Wells with Applied Electric Fields

Within the framework of compact density matrix approach and iterative procedure, a detailed procedure for the calculation of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) susceptibility tensor is given in the electric-field-biased parabolic and semi-parabolic quantum wells (QWs). The simple analytical formula for the SHG susceptibility in the systems is also deduced. Numerical results on typical AlGaAs/GaAs materials show that, for the same effective width, the SHG susceptibility in semi-parabolic QW is larger than that in parabolic QW due to the self-asymmetry of the semi-parabolic QW, and the applied electric field can make the SHG susceptibilities in both systems enhance remarkably. Moreover, the SHG susceptibility is also related to the parabolic confinement frequency and the relaxation rate of the systems.     

Thin noble metal films on Si (111) investigated by optical second-harmonic generation and photoemission

Thin noble metal films (Ag, Au and Cu) on Si (111) have been investigated by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in combination with synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. The valence band spectra of Ag films show a quantization of the sp-band in the 4-eV energy range from the Fermi level down to the onset of the d-bands. For Cu and Au the corresponding energy range is much narrower and quantization effects are less visible. Quantization effects in SHG are observed as oscillations in the signal as a function of film thickness. The oscillations are strongest for Ag and less pronounced for Cu, in agreement with valence band photoemission spectra. In the case of Au, a reacted layer floating on top of the Au film masks the observation of quantum well levels by photoemission. However, SHG shows a well-developed quantization of levels in the Au film below the reacted layer. For Ag films, the relation between film thickness and photon energy of the SHG resonances indicates different types of resonances, some of which involve both quantum well and substrate states. Received: 16 October 2001 / Revised version: 14 March 2002 / Published online: 29 May 2002     

Second-harmonic generation in asymmetric quantum dots in the presence of a static magnetic field

The second-harmonic generation(SHG) coefficient in an asymmetric quantum dot(QD) with a static magnetic field is theoretically investigated.Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation,we obtain the confined wave functions and energies of electrons in the QD.We also obtain the SHG coefficient by the compact-density-matrix approach and the iterative method.The numerical results for the typical GaAs/AlGaAs QD show that the SHG coefficient depends strongly on the magnitude of magnetic field,parameters of the asymmetric potential and the radius of the QD.The resonant peak shifts with the magnetic field or the radius of the QD changing.     

Many-photon effects in inelastic light scattering

The usual approach to second harmonic generation (SHG) is based on low-order pertubation theory and neglects the changes in the electronic states that are induced by the exciting beam. To see whathappens in this approximation fails we propose a new formalism, based on the method of excitation amplitudes, to set up a theory of the SHG response and other inelastic light scattering phenomena. We develop the quantum theory in the dipole approximation and show that the inclusion of electron-photon coupling to all others leads to new features. Strong exciting fields produce a nonnegligible SHG response in highly polarisable centro-symmetric systems, and the emitted spectrum shows a dynamical Stark effect.     

The second-harmonic generation in parabolic quantum dots in the presence of electric and magnetic fields

The second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient for parabolic quantum dots (QDs) subject to applied electric and magnetic fields is theoretically investigated, within the framework of the compact-density-matrix approach and an iterative method. Numerical results are presented for typical GaAs/AlGaAs parabolic QDs. These results show that the radius of QD and the magnitude of electric and magnetic fields have a great influence on the SHG coefficient. And the peak shifts to the aspect of high energy when considering the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Moreover, the SHG coefficient also depends sensitively on the relaxation rate of the spherical QD system.