聚合硫酸铁钛混凝剂的制备及红外、紫外-可见光谱分析

复合混凝剂由于其具有优异的混凝性能而受到越来越广泛的关注,但与钛离子络合的铁基复合混凝剂的制备和表征还鲜有报道。研究以Ti(SO₄)₂为配合物,PO3-₄为稳定剂和络合剂制备了聚合硫酸铁复合混凝剂钛(PFTS)。主要利用红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV/VIS)表征分析了PFTS在不同Ti/Fe,P/Fe,OH/Fe物料配比下对化学基团,分子结构变化的影响。结果表明,Ti4+和PO3-₄的加入,不是以单一离子形态存在,而是生成了诸如Ti—O,—Fe—P—Fe—和—Ti—P—Ti—等有助于增大聚合物分子量的基团键,而一定比例的Ti/Fe和P/Fe配比有助于物料单体相互络合生成诸如—Fe—P—Ti—的基团键和Fe₆(OH)6+₁₂,[Fe_x(OH)_y]₂H₂PO(6x-2y-1)+₄等类型的中聚体结构,此比例在P/Fe为0.2—0.3,Ti/Fe为1∶8比较恰当。过高的P/Fe比,Ti/Fe比和OH/Fe会生成TiO₂,Ti₃(PO₄)₄和FePO₄沉淀或高聚体络合物,不利于混凝性能的发挥。     

三硼酸钾的合成、表征及其振动光谱的研究

借助自行设计的沸腾反应器,采用碳酸钾和硼酸通过控制适宜的原料配比、反应温度和脱水温度合成出三硼酸钾。通过化学分析确定合成物分子式为一水三硼酸钾(KB₃O₅·H₂O),通过粉末X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和热重分析(TG)等手段对其进行了表征,由粉末X射线衍射光谱分析确定合成物物质形态为无定形态,由傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱分析确定合成物分子中存在三配位硼氧键B₍₃₎—O、四配位硼氧键B₍₄₎—O、羟基及三硼酸根离子,由热重分析确定合成物分子中存在能够失去一分子水的基团,并推出合成物三硼酸钾的结构式为K[B₃O₄(OH)₂]。研究了合成物的振动光谱,包括红外光谱和拉曼光谱,考察了其中硼原子的主要存在形式三配位硼氧键B₍₃₎—O和四配位硼氧键B₍₄₎—O以及其他基团的振动情况,对振动频率进行了归属。     

若干多钒硼酸盐簇合物的光谱研究

合成了具有[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]簇骼的4种新颖的多钒硼酸盐簇合物：(enH₂)₆H₃[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]·13H₂O(1),[Ni(en)₂]₆H₃[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]·8H₂O(2),[Cu(en)₂]₅H₃[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂][B(OH)₃]₂·16H₂O(3)和(enH₂)₄Na₄H₃[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]·8H₂O(4)。通过FTIR, UV-Vis DRS和荧光光谱等手段对其进行了研究,探讨了结构和性能的关系。其中,化合物(1)含有[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]的分立结构,环状B₁₈O₄₂通过8个B—(μ₃—O)—V键被两个V₆O₁₈簇夹在中间;而化合物(2)是在(1)的基础上,由6个[Ni(en)₂]各自通过两个Ni—(μ₃—O)—B与B₁₈O₄₂的桥氧配位形成另一类新的分立型结构;化合物(3)和(4)的[(VO)₁₂O₆B₁₈O₄₂]构筑单元间分别通过[Cu(en)₂]2+和无机Na+离子桥联形成二维层状结构。多钒硼酸盐簇合物的特征振动频率和这些化合物的结构相关;UV-Vis DRS表明,在205和260 nm附近出现金属氧簇化合物的荷移跃迁;用310 nm光激发, 在约415 nm处能引起由O_μ→Mo的荧光发射, 同时还研究了其荧光寿命。     

少量氩气对大气介质阻挡放电光谱的增强

采用双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,测量了大气介质阻挡放电的光谱,并研究了加入少量氩气后光谱的变化。在300～800 nm波长范围内,发现了氮分子(C3Π_u(v′=0)→B3Π_g(v″=0～4))的光谱和氮原子(4d4D_7/2→3p4P0_1/2)的光谱。在大气中加入少量氩气后,击穿电压明显降低,在相同电压条件下,氮分子光谱线和氮原子光谱线强度都增强。同时,加入氩气后上述谱线的半宽度明显加大。由于谱线的Stark加宽与电子密度成正比, 说明加入氩气后等离子体的电子密度增大, 使得电子碰撞激发氮分子及氮原子的概率增大,激发到较高激发态的氮原子或氮分子增多,从而使光谱强度增强。     

瓦斯浓度影响下水合物晶体结构Raman光谱特征

在初始温压2 ℃,5 MPa条件下开展了三种瓦斯混合气(CH₄—C₂H₆—N₂,G1=54∶36∶10,G2=67.5∶22.5∶10,G3=81∶9∶10)水合实验,利用可见显微拉曼光谱仪获取水合产物拉曼光谱,通过水合物相中C₂H₆ C—C键伸缩振动特征峰拉曼位移判断水合物晶体结构,利用谱图特征峰分峰拟合方法计算出瓦斯水合物孔穴占有率、水合指数等。研究发现：气样G1和G2水合产物为I型水合物、G3为Ⅱ型,气样中C₂H₆浓度改变导致水合物晶体结构转变;Ⅰ型结构水合物相中CH₄和C₂H₆含量受气样浓度影响较小,G1和G2体系中CH₄含量分别为34.4%和35.7%、C₂H₆含量分别为64.6%和63.9%,而G3体系中CH₄和C₂H₆含量分别为73.5%和22.8%,晶体结构对水合物相客体分子含量控制作用明显;G1~G3体系水合物相大孔穴的CH₄—C₂H₆占有率分别为98%,98%和92%,小孔穴的CH₄占有率分别为80%,60%和84%,N₂由于分压较低且吸附能力较弱其小孔穴占有率不高于5%。     

TRPO萃淋树脂从碱性氰化液中固相萃取Au(Ⅰ)机理研究

研究了TRPO-D3520萃淋树脂从碱性氰化液中固相萃取Au(CN)-₂的性能,并借助傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对固相萃取Au(Ⅰ)的机理进行了讨论。结果表明：阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB在固相萃取中起到了关键的作用,当待萃水相中加入的CTMAB与Au(CN)-₂的摩尔比达到1∶1时,TRPO-D3520萃淋树脂即对金具有良好的萃取性能;萃淋树脂负载金后,FTIR分析表明Au(CN)-₂中的C≡N伸缩振动吸收峰位于2 144 cm-1,TRPO中的PO伸缩振动峰由1 153 cm-1向低频移至1 150 cm-1;N(1s),Au(4f_7/2)和Au(4f_5/2)XPS谱揭示了树脂中金的价态和配位环境未发生变化,仍以Au(CN)-₂形态存在于萃淋树脂中;O(1s) XPS谱图表明,经固相萃取后,树脂中化学结合水的含量明显增加,化学结合水的峰面积由30.74%增加至42.34%;固相萃取后,P(2p)XPS谱图峰位由132.15 eV增加至132.45 eV,说明PO基团与水分子存在一定的氢键作用,生成P=O…H—O—H。综上可推测,TRPO-D3520树脂固相萃取Au(CN)-₂的过程为：离子对扩散至树脂孔内,被孔内的TRPO借助水分子为桥的氢键作用溶剂化而固相萃取。     

绿色木霉纤维二糖水解酶Ⅱ的X射线辐射损伤研究

根据半胱氨酸相关的拉曼光谱分析指标,采用X光管1.82 keV,40 mA,处理4 h的辐射条件,水溶液中绿色木霉纤维二糖水解酶Ⅱ的各种S—H伸缩振动拉曼谱带虽然偏移不多,但呈现了二极分化的演变状态。辐照后的样品中2 554 cm-1峰宽加大。辐照没有引起维系高级空间结构存在的二硫键断裂,二硫键键长有缩小变化,二硫键几何构象类型未改变,但各种异构体成分的相对含量有变化,辐射前半胱氨酸C—S键异构体特征模P_C型略多,辐射后P_N和P_H型增多。除半胱氨酸CH₂摇摆的贡献在辐射后有明显减弱外,此辐射条件没有造成拉曼技术所能证明的与巯基有关的蛋白结构的明显损伤,但可见有变化存在。     

激发态Rb原子间的碰撞能量转移

脉冲激光器激发Rb原子到5P_1/2态,通过碰撞能量转移Rb(5P_1/2)+Rb(5S_1/2)Rb(5P_3/2)+Rb(5S_1/2)产生5P_3/2原子,研究了5P_1/2+5P_1/2,5P_3/2+5P_3/2,5P_1/2+5P_3/2的碰撞能量合并产生态的过程。5P_1/2态原子密度利用Rb空心阴极灯通过光学吸收方法得到,而5P_3/2态密度通过5P_3/25S_1/2(D2线)与5P_1/25S_1/2(D₁线)跃迁的荧光比得到。因为5P_3/2+5P_3/2或5P_1/2+5P_3/2的能量和与5D态的能量差远小于5P_1/2+5P_1/2与5D态的能量差,因此5P_3/2+5P_3/2,5P_1/2+5P_3/2的过程将影响5P_1/2+5P_1/2的测量结果。由于精细结构能量转移的时间比5D态寿命小得多,故5P_1/2+5P_1/2,5P_1/2+5P_3/2和5P_3/2+5P_3/2产生的5D5P荧光是同时产生的。在不同的池温下测量了积分荧光信号的相对强度,5P态原子有效寿命由辐射陷获的理论得到,结合激发态原子密度得到了5P_1/2+5P_1/2,5P_1/2+5P_3/2和5P_3/2+5P_3/2碰撞能量合并截面分别为7.810-15,2.9×10-14和3.1×10-14 cm2。结果表明5P_1/2+5P_3/2与5P_3/2+5P_3/2产生5D_3/2态的截面基本是相等的。     

稳定的GaAs (2 5 1 1)高密勒指数表面的电子结构

采用格林函数方法对具有稳定结构的GaAs(2 5 11)(1×1)表面的电子结构特性进行了计算. 结果表明：对于理想的GaAs(2 5 11)表面，基本带隙内的表面态主要处在三个能量区域，即 -0.1—0.1eV，085—10eV和1.4—1.6eV之间；吸附两个As原子形成(1×1)再构后，表面态的变化主要表现在0.85—1.0eV之间的表面态完全消失.结合电子数目规则，可以确定处在 - 0.1—0.1eV之间的表面态为全部填满的阴离子悬挂键态或再构引起的As As二聚体键的表 面态，而处在1.4— 关键词： 高密勒指数表面 电子结构 电子数目规则     

Co/S钝化GaAs(100)界面形成的SRPES研究

利用同步辐射光电发射谱研究了Co与CH\-3CSNH\-2处理的S钝化GaAs(100)的界面形成.发现 其界面反应较弱,Co覆盖层达到0.8nm时,形成稳定的界面.GaAs表面上和S原子形成桥 键的Ga原子与Co发生交换反应并扩散到覆盖层中,形成Co—S键.Co覆盖层表面无偏析As的出现,与Co/GaAs(100)界面不同,这表明GaAs表面的S钝化可有效地阻止As原子向覆盖层的扩散. 关键词：     

Spectroscopic Application of Realgar Using X-ray Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

Samples of realgar ore were collected from the hydrothermal products of the Eocene volcanic material of the Erzurum region in Turkey. The prepared samples were analyzed by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF) and by confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The goal of this study was to figure out the chemical composition of realgar and its properties through PEDXRF and CRS and the optical characteristic features under the polarized microscope. The result of the XRF analysis shows the collected realgar samples are mainly composed of As, S, Si, and Mg in different proportions. The contents of As in realgar change from 36.55% through 31.49% to 5.97% in the analyzed samples. The strong peak of the realgar samples is at 352 cm^?1, and a weaker peak exists around 190 cm^?1. The accuracy and precision of the technique for chemical analysis is demonstrated by analyzing CRM 2126-81. The realgar ores were studied by use of CRS and polarized microscopy.     

我国药用雄黄的晶体结构鉴定

采用拉曼光谱和X射线衍射法,结合文献研究鉴定我国药用雄黄的晶体结构为α-As4S4。实验选取我国唯一药用雄黄的基源矿石——湖南石门雄黄矿石及临床药用的饮片、中成药制剂等10批样品为研究对象,测定了其XRD(X-ray diffraction)图谱和拉曼光谱,其特征谱线经全谱拟合获得了PDF(the powder dif-fraction file)号及晶体常数,拉曼光谱解析了其成键情况,并且通过对不同构型雄黄的鉴别,验证了我国药用雄黄的晶体结构。同时,对六种常规方法制备的18批炮制品及含雄黄中成药制剂的研究发现,常规的炮制加工和制剂生产不会造成雄黄晶体结构的变化。该研究结果澄清了我国药用雄黄的化学本质,为雄黄的质量标准制订以及吸收机理研究奠定了基础。     

牛血红蛋白与纳米雄黄相互作用的光谱研究

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱研究牛血红蛋白(bovine hemoglobin,简称BHb)与纳米雄黄的相互作用。从紫外-可见吸收光谱可观察到,随着纳米雄黄浓度的增加,牛血红蛋白406 nm附近的特征Soret吸收带红移至413 nm,且强度逐渐降低。强度的降低表明纳米雄黄可能使部分血红素辅基逐渐从它们的键腔中脱离出来。特征峰位的红移推测为纳米雄黄中的砷结合了血红蛋白中的氧,诱导血红蛋白脱氧,变成脱氧血红蛋白,其构象由R态转变成T态。由荧光光谱研究可以得出随着纳米雄黄浓度的增加,牛血红蛋白338 nm处的荧光强度逐渐减弱,Stern-Volmer方程分析表明,纳米雄黄静态猝灭牛血红蛋白的内源荧光。紫外-可见吸收光谱与荧光光谱的计算结果均表明,牛血红蛋白与纳米雄黄的结合常数k的数量级达到109。     

A New Relation Connecting Vibrationai Constant and Electronegativity in the Case of Diatomic Molecules

The electronegativity was defined by Pauling¹ as a measure of the power of an atom in the molecule to attract electrons to itself. This concept of electronegativity has undergone radical changes. Recent calculations of electronegativity show^2,3 that it is a complex quantity including an important atomic term depending on the charge and hybridization of the atom, and a molecular term depending on the length and the nature of the bonds in the molecule. In a molecular group of the type A-B, B is a halogen atom, say chlorine and A stands for different atoms of a subgroup of the periodic table. Since the nature of the bonds in the molecule AB and the electronegativity of halogen atom, B, is constant for a molecular group, the electronegativity, X, of atom A may be related to the dissociation energy and bond length which in its turn is related to the vibrational constant,ω_e, and the reduced mass, μ, of the molecule AB.     

“黄蜂石”的矿物成分及谱学特征研究

近期在广州荔湾珠宝市场出现一种具黄、黑条带的玉石品种，因其花纹形如黄蜂，商家称之为“黄蜂石”。“黄蜂石”的条纹状结构与缟玛瑙的条带状纹理非常相似，容易混淆。对“黄蜂石”进行显微岩相学、X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针、红外吸收光谱及拉曼光谱等分析，旨在探求其基本物理性质、矿物组成，以及谱学特征。结果显示：“黄蜂石”以灰白、黄橙、黑色为主，莫氏硬度3~5，相对密度2.58~2.73，长波紫外光下具弱黄色荧光，与稀盐酸反应起泡。显微岩相学分析显示，“黄蜂石”基质为方解石，呈不规则粒状，粒径0.02~0.3 mm，粒状、纤维状结构。“黄蜂石”中CaO的含量约为53.64%～56.66%，FeO的含量约为2.23%~3.62%，MgO的含量约为1.05%~1.79%，部分测试点中出现As和S元素。样品中Mg/Ca摩尔百分比为2.59%~4.68%，为低镁方解石。红外吸收光谱分析显示，“黄蜂石”的红外光谱特征吸收峰与碳酸盐类矿物理论值一致，为1 514，1 427，881和710 cm-1，由[CO₃]2-不对称伸缩振动、面内弯曲振动以及面外弯曲振动导致；黑色矿物中存在黄铁矿的特征峰1 123，1 050，423，1 123和1 050 cm-1为S-S伸缩振动，423 cm-1为Fe2+-[S₂]2-伸缩振动。拉曼光谱分析显示，样品的黄色部分中除具方解石的拉曼位移1 083，713，282和157 cm-1外，还有副雄黄的拉曼峰346，233和184 cm-1；橙红色部分显示雄黄的拉曼特征峰338，221及184 cm-1，338 cm-1由S-As-S伸缩振动所致，221 cm-1属于S-As-S弯曲振动结合As-S伸缩振动产生，184 cm-1与As-As伸缩振动相匹配。X射线粉晶衍射分析结果与红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱等测试结果一致，即“黄蜂石”的主要矿物是方解石，次要矿物为黄铁矿、雄黄及副雄黄等，根据国家标准可定名为“碳酸盐质玉”。     

CH3OH在Ga-Rich GaAs(001)-(4×2)表面上的吸附与解离: 团簇模型的密度泛函计算

采用简单团簇模型结合密度泛函理论研究了CH3OH在Ga-Rich GaAs(001)-(4×2)表面上的吸附与解离过程. 计算结果表明, CH3OH在Ga-Rich GaAs(001)-(4×2)表面上首先会形成两种化学吸附状态, 然后CH3OH经解离生成CH3O自由基和H原子吸附在表面不同位置上. 通过比较各个吸附解离路径, 发现解离后的H原子相对更容易吸附在位于表面第二层紧邻的As原子上.     

A study of the molecular structure and of the barrier to methyl rotation in o-bromotoluene and o-iodotoluene partially oriented in a nematic phase

The secondary processes, initiated by irradiation, taking place in a single crystal of pimelic acid have been investigated by an electron spin resonance technique. At 77 K only the ?OOH and ?H₂(CH₂)₄COOH radicals remain. Upon increasing the temperature the latter radical dissociates into short-lived products, and one of these products immediately captures a hydrogen atom from a neighbouring undamaged molecule, leaving a radical HOOC?H(CH₂)₄COOH. This radical then captures a hydrogen atom from another undamaged molecule, probably because it is brought somewhat out of its lattice equilibrium position.     

Al quadrupole interaction in zeolites loaded with probe molecules—a quantum-chemical study of trends in electric field gradients and chemical bonds in clusters

The electric field gradient (EFG) has been calculated in zeolite clusters at the aluminium site surrounded by four SiO₄ tetrahedra. Density functional theory (DFT) with the 6-31G^{* *} basis set has been employed. Formation of a Brønsted acid site by protonation of one oxygen atom of the A1O₄ tetrahedron perturbs the coordination of aluminium, i.e., the corresponding Al-O bond is considerably weaker than in the unprotonated case. This leads to a large EFG, and the calculated quadrupole coupling constant (QCC) for ²⁷Al is 18.2 MHz. Different probe molecules were adsorbed on the Brønsted site. The hydrogen bond formed between the acid proton and the probe molecule weakens the zeolitic O---H bond. For conservation of the overall bond order of the oxygen atom, its bonds to the neighboring tetrahedral atoms (Si, Al) become stronger. As a consequence, the perturbation of the AlO₄ tetrahedron and the EFG at the aluminium position decrease depending on the strength of the hydrogen bond. Perturbation of an oxygen atom of the AlO₄ tetrahedron by accepting a hydrogen bond from the base molecule also affects the corresponding AlO---O bond order. A linear correlation is found between the calculated QCC constants for ²⁷Al and the AlO---O bond orders of the oxygen atoms which are perturbed by protonation or by hydrogen bonds. A geometrical shear strain parameter and a simple electrostatic point charge model are less successful at predicting the trends in EFG which clearly shows the importance of the chemical bonds. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.     

Radical pair dynamics in anionic micelles with different alkyl chain length as studied by pulse-mode product-yield-detected ESR

Dynamics of the radical pair composed of benzophenone ketyl radical and an alkyl radical of surfactant molecule in the micellar solution were studied by means of the pulse-mode product-yield-detected electron spin resonance (pulse-PYESR) technique. As the surfactants heptyl (C7), nonyl (C9), decyl (C10) and dodecyl (C12) sulfates were employed. Both the escape rate and the recombination rate of the radical pair decreased monotonously with increasing the alkyl-chain length from C7 to C12. A close relation between the escape rate and the critical micellar concentration divided by the aggregation number and also that between the recombination rate and internal viscosity of micelle are pointed out. The pulse-PYESR analysis on the radical pair containing the alkyl radical of surfactant molecule as one of the components is very powerful in extracting the kinetic constants of micelle, since the alkyl sulfate radical is an ideal probe for the micelle molecule.