锰和氟共修饰羟基磷灰石陶瓷涂层的制备与表征

由于钛及钛合金具有优越的理化性能,其已被广泛应用于各种植入体,例如骨科、牙科及心血管支架等。然而,钛基材表面具有生物惰性,其与周边骨组织形成骨整合的能力较弱,延缓了组织愈合的时间。因此,改善钛植入体表面生物性能具有重要的临床意义。钛基材表面羟基磷灰石(HAP)复合涂层的制备已成为一种重要的表面生物活性改良手段。在含有F-,Mn2+,Ca2+和PO3-₄的电解液中,用单电流阶跃沉积法,在钛金属(Ti)表面上涂覆锰和氟共修饰羟基磷灰石(FMnHAP)复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)对涂层进行初步表征,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术验证了氟离子和锰离子的共修饰对HAP分子构象和生物活性的影响。结果表明：锰部分取代磷灰石中的钙,氟部分取代磷灰石中的羟基,FMnHAP晶格常数变小,薄膜表面形貌由微米级的针状变为纳米级的绒毛状。FTIR技术验证显示,由于磷灰石晶体结构中F取代部分OH,致使改变了结构中OH的弯曲振动模式的对称性;模拟体液体外矿化表明,涂层表面有含碳酸根的类骨磷灰石形成,则涂层的体外生物活性较好。极化曲线测试表明,涂层提高了Ti在生理环境中的耐腐蚀性。     

纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料抗原子氧性能的研究

本文采用激光爆破法高能原子氧束源研究了纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料的抗原子氧性能. 研究了四种样品：纯环氧树脂,纳米粘土含量为1 wt%,2 wt%和4 wt%的纳米粘土增强环氧树脂复合材料,结果表明腐蚀深度随着纳米粘土含量的增加而降低,当掺杂纳米粘土含量为4 wt%时,腐蚀深度为纯环氧树脂腐蚀深度的28%∽37%;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明原子氧轰击后,材料表面C-C/C-H键比例减少,C-O键、酮类比例增加,表面氧化程度增加,掺杂纳米粘土的材料表面生成了新的碳酸盐,掺杂4 wt%纳米粘土的复合材料表面氧化程度增加最小;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示含有纳米粘土的复合材料表面被原子氧轰击后在纳米粘土团簇处形成了“块状”物质,掺杂4 wt%纳米粘土的复合材料,“块状”物质尺寸和分布密度最大;综合腐蚀深度,XPS,以及SEM结果表明,虽然所有表面都一定程度地被原子氧腐蚀和氧化,但掺杂纳米粘土的复合材料表面由于生成了“块状”物质,阻挡了原子氧进一步腐蚀其下的材料,提高了抗原子氧性能.     

单晶Si表面离子束溅射沉积Co纳米薄膜的研究

采用离子束溅射沉积法，在单晶Si基片上制备了不同厚度(1—100nm)的Co纳米薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和X射线衍射仪对不同厚度的Co纳米薄膜进行了分析和研究.结果表明：当薄膜厚度为1—10nm时，沉积颗粒形态随薄膜厚度增加将由二维生长的细长胞状过渡到多个颗粒聚集成的球状.当膜厚大于10nm时，小颗粒球聚集成大颗粒球，颗粒球呈现三维生长状态.表面粗糙度随膜厚的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在膜厚为3nm时出现极值.XPS全程宽扫描和窄扫描显示：薄膜表面的元素成分为Co，化学态分别 关键词： 离子束沉积 纳米薄膜 X射线光电子能谱 X射线衍射     

钛表面FHAP涂层的电沉积制备及其FTIR特征研究

在含有Ca2+,PO3-₄和F-的电解液中,用电化学恒电流方法,在工作电流为0.9 mA温度为60 ℃的条件下沉积60 min,在医用钛(Ti)表面上制得含氟羟基磷灰石(FHAP)涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层进行表征,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)考察了氟离子的引入对涂层构象和生物活性的影响。结果表明：氟部分取代磷灰石中的羟基,FHAP晶格常数变小,涂层相貌由疏松的微米级的菊花瓣状变化为致密的纳米级的尖锥状。FTIR分析表明,涂层中羟基的伸缩和弯曲振动模式的对称性发生了改变,模拟体液浸泡后涂层覆盖碳磷灰石,涂层生物活性良好。     

纳米TiO2的表面能态及光生电子-空穴对复合过程的研究

以液相法制备了水溶态纳米TiO2,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对纳米TiO2的结构和组成作了细致分析.并对其紫外-可见光谱(UY-Vis spectrum)和荧光发光光谱(PL spectrum)进行了分析.结果发现纳米TiO2呈现较好的锐钛矿型,平均粒径为5 nm.水溶态纳米TiO2由于吸附而在表面形成了Ti-OH和Ti-H2O的表面态,其能级位于其价带以上约0.6和0.54eV;500℃热处理后样品的表面吸附水基本消失,但OH-仍然存在,同时在纳米TiO2晶格中出现了氧空位,其能级位于价带以上3.13 eV.对于水溶态纳米TiO2,表面复合是电子-空穴对的主要复合过程;热处理后的样品,由于表面态遭到破坏,粒子半径变大,直接复合成为电子-空穴对的主要复合过程,同时还伴随有通过氧空位的间接复合和通过Ti-OH的表面复合.     

Ga掺杂对ZnO纳米结构可见光发射的抑制效应

采用碳热还原反应和原位掺杂的方法制备了不同Ga掺杂浓度的ZnO纳米结构. X射线衍射 显示掺杂纳米结构中为单一的氧化锌纤锌矿结构. 扫描电子显微镜 观测发现随掺杂浓度的增大, 纳米结构的形貌逐渐从纳米六棱柱变为纳米锥.光致发光 和X射线光电子能谱 测量分别发现随着掺杂浓度升高, 纳米结构的可见发光强度和其中空位 氧峰相对强度逐渐减小直至消失, 两者存在很强的相关性. 上述结果为ZnO可见光发射的氧空位机理提供了新的实验证据. 对Ga掺杂抑制纳米结构中氧空位的原因进行了分析.     

壳聚糖/SrHAP复合涂层的制备及其FTIR特征分析

在含有Sr2+,Ca2+,PO3-₄和壳聚糖(CHI)的电沉积液中,用恒电流沉积法,在医用纯钛(Ti)表面上得到壳聚糖/掺锶羟基磷灰石(SrHAP)复合涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层进行检测,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)考察了壳聚糖和锶离子的掺杂对HAP涂层构象和生物活性的影响。结果表明：锶部分取代磷灰石中的钙,表面形貌由疏松的针状变为较致密的片状。FTIR分析表明,涂层中出现了典型的amideⅠ和amideⅡ的壳聚糖振动峰,则CHI与SrHAP杂化良好;模拟生理液浸泡后表面覆盖有球状类骨磷灰石,则涂层具备较好的生物活性。塔菲尔测试表明,复合涂层使得Ti表面的抗生理腐蚀性显著提高。     

InP/SiO2纳米复合膜的微观结构和光学性质

应用射频磁控共溅射方法在石英玻璃和抛光硅片上制备了InP/SiO₂复合薄膜,并在几种条件下对这些薄膜进行退火.X射线光电子能谱和卢瑟福背散射实验结果表明,复合薄膜中InP和SiO₂的化学组分都大体上符合化学计量配比.X射线衍射和激光喇曼谱实验结果都证实了复合薄膜中形成了InP纳米晶粒.磷气氛保护下的高温(520℃)退火可以消除复合薄膜中残存的In和In₂O₃并得到了纯InP/SiO₂纳米复合薄膜.实验观察到了室温下纳米复合薄膜的明显的光学吸收边蓝移现象和光学非线性的极大增强 关键词： InP 纳米晶粒 微观结构 光学性质     

氦等离子体处理对纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维拉伸性能的影响

氦等离子体处理纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维能构造出特定空间结构形态的纳米涂覆层.扫描电子显微镜照片显示,经氦等离子体处理后纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆T300碳纤维的纳米涂覆层在纤维表面分布均匀,起到填补纤维表面微观缺陷的功能.X射线光电子能谱及傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,纤维表面被引入了活性官能团,纳米二氧化硅涂覆层与碳纤维间有表面激活反应.形成纳米界面结构的T300碳纤维表面与纳米二氧化硅涂覆层间的相互作用符合艾琳方程,利用热激活体积可以对其相互作用进行定量分析.拉伸试验表明,屈服塑性变形导致纳米界面结构热激活,纳米微粒阻碍碳纤维表面大分子链形貌变化的热激活体积是纳米界面结构性能的重要表征. 关键词： 激活体积 溶胶涂覆 氦等离子体 纳米界面结构     

超小金纳米团簇的电催化氧还原性质（英文）

本文合成了含有2～4个Au原子的超小金纳米团簇并测试了其电催化氧还原性能.通过将前驱AuPPh_3Cl暴露在氨水中一个星期制备了超小的金纳米团簇.运用了ESI质谱、X射线精细结构吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱来测试这些超小金纳米团簇,表明这些超小金纳米团簇含有三苯基膦、羟基和吸附氧分子.将这些超小金纳米团簇负载到玻碳电极上,并用循环伏安法和线性伏安法测试其电催化氧还原性能.循环伏安结果表明,这些超小金纳米团簇电催化氧还原反应的起始电势为0.87 V(相对可逆氢电极),转移的电子数为4.     

TiO_2掺杂粒度对纤维素强度和热稳定性影响的分子模拟研究

变压器绝缘纸的主要成分为纤维素,为了提升绝缘纸的强度和热稳定性,利用纳米TiO_2掺杂纤维素,通过分子模拟方法研究不同纳米TiO_2粒度掺杂纤维素的强度和热稳定性.研究表明,纳米TiO_2使得纤维素强度提高,拉伸模量增大,抗形变能力增强,体积模量与剪切模量比值(K/G)增大,纤维素韧性增强;纳米TiO_2表面羟基与纤维素形成新的氢键网络使得径向分布函数峰值增大,复合体系更加稳定,其热稳定性增强.掺杂比例相同时,随着纳米TiO_2粒度减小,拉伸模量和柯西压增大,泊松比减小,纤维素的抗形变能力增强;纳米TiO_2表面羟基占有率越高,纳米TiO_2与纤维素越易形成氢键抑制纤维素链运动,纳米TiO_2也减小复合体系的自由体积,使得复合体系结构更加稳定,热稳定性更强.因此,掺杂小纳米TiO_2粒度是提升纤维素强度和热稳定性有效的方法.     

New bioactive hybrid material of nano-hydroxyapatite based on N-carboxyethylchitosan for bone tissue engineering

N-carboxyethylchitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (NCECS/HA) composite films were fabricated and their potential applications in guiding bone regeneration were investigated in terms of their in vitro cellular activity. Fourier ransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the structure and composition of the composite film. Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that HA nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in NCECS matrix. The composite film has sufficient mechanical properties for tissue engineering scaffold. The composite film was found to have better cartilage cell adhesion and growth than pure NCECS film.     

Ultrasound influence upon calcium carbonate precipitation on bacterial cellulose membranes

The effect of ultrasonic irradiation (40 kHz) on the calcium carbonate deposition on bacterial cellulose membranes was investigated using calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) as starting reactants. The composite materials containing bacterial cellulose-calcium carbonate were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and color measurements. The polymorphs of calcium carbonate that were deposited on bacterial cellulose membranes in the presence or in the absence of ultrasonic irradiation were calcite and vaterite. The morphology of the obtained crystals was influenced by the concentration of starting solutions and by the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. In the presence of ultrasonic irradiation the obtained crystals were bigger and in a larger variety of shapes than in the absence of ultrasounds: from cubes of calcite to spherical and flower-like vaterite particles. Bacterial cellulose could be a good matrix for obtaining different types of calcium carbonate crystals.     

聚醚砜/微纳纤维素复合膜材料的光谱表征与性能研究

采用FTIR表征了聚醚砜/微纳纤维素复合膜材料的官能团特征,利用XRD分析了复合膜材料的结晶度变化情况。研究了微纳纤维素质量分数的变化对膜亲水性能的影响。通过SEM观察了复合膜支撑层的膜结构。结果表明, 复合膜材料同时具有聚醚砜、微纳纤维素红外特征峰,且没有新峰出现,说明复合膜中微纳纤维素与聚醚砜为氢键缔合作用,无新官能团的产生,达到分子水平的相容。微纳纤维素的存在使得复合膜结晶性能增强,结晶度从37.7%增大至47.9%。随着微纳纤维素质量分数的增加,复合膜对水的范德华力和氢键力增强,亲水角从55.8°下降至45.8°,表面能从113.7 mN·m-2增加到123.5 mN·m-2,从而提高了复合膜材料的亲水性。复合膜多孔支撑层表面孔数较多,孔径有所增大,膜孔分布较为均匀。     

A novel ultrasonication method in the preparation of zirconium impregnated cellulose for effective fluoride adsorption

In the present work, we propose for the first time a novel ultrasound assisted methodology involving the impregnation of zirconium in a cellulose matrix. Fluoride from aqueous solution interacts with the cellulose hydroxyl groups and the cationic zirconium hydroxide. Ultrasonication ensures a green and quick alternative to the conventional time intensive method of preparation. The effectiveness of this process was confirmed by comprehensive characterization of zirconium impregnated cellulose (ZrIC) adsorbent using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The study of various adsorption isotherm models, kinetics and thermodynamics of the interaction validated the method.     

Bio-Adsorbent from Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Tannin for Dye Adsorption

A bio-adsorbent was prepared by the crosslinking reaction of a tannin based phenolic resin and carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. The water absorption ratio of the adsorbent decreased due to the introduction of the phenolic resin based on tannin but the adsorption properties of the adsorbent for methylene blue were improved due to the introduction of the phenolic hydroxyl groups from the tannin in comparison with the carboxymethyl cellulose based adsorbent cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for methylene blue was 1300mg/g and the adsorption process for methylene blue was exothermic. The adsorption ratio of the adsorbent for methylene blue was over 98% for an adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g/L when the concentration of methylene blue in solution was lower than 2000mg/L. The adsorbent can process wastewater containing methylene blue in the pH range of 4–12.     

XPS study of PBO fiber surface modified by incorporation of hydroxyl polar groups in main chains

Dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO), a modified poly(p-phenylene benzoxazole) (PBO) polymer containing double hydroxyl groups in polymer chains, was synthesized by copolymerization of 4,6-diamino resorcinol dihydrochloride (DAR), purified terephthalic acid (TA) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA). DHPBO fibers were prepared by dry-jet wet-spinning method. The effects of hydroxyl polar groups on the surface elemental compositions of PBO fiber were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the ratio of oxygen/carbon on the surface of DHPBO fibers is higher than that on the surface of PBO fibers, which indicates the content of polar groups on the surface of DHPBO fiber increase compared with PBO fiber.     

Why to synthesize vaterite polymorph of calcium carbonate on the cellulose matrix via sonochemistry process?

Vaterite is an important biomedical material due to its features such as high specific surface area, high solubility, high dispersion, and small specific gravity. The purposes of this article were to explore the growth mechanism of vaterite on the cellulose matrix via sonochmistry process. In the work reported herein, the influences of experimental parameters on the polymorph of calcium carbonate were investigated in detail. The calcium carbonate crystals on the cellulose matrix were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results revealed that all the reactants, solvent, and synthesis method played an important role in the polymorph of calcium carbonate. The pure phase of vaterite polymorph was obtained using Na₂CO₃ as reactant in ethylene glycol on the cellulose matrix via sonochmistry process. Based on the experimental results, one can conclude that the synthesis of vaterite polymorph is a system process.     

Fabrication and characterization of rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite on MAO coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a dominant problem that limits their clinical application. In order to solve this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to fabricate a porous coating on magnesium alloys and then electrochemical deposition (ED) was done to fabricate rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (RNHA) on MAO coating. The cross-section morphology of the composite coatings and its corresponding energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) surficial scanning map of calcium revealed that HA rods were successfully deposited into the pores. The three dimensional morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the composite coatings showed that the distribution of the HA rods was dense and uniform. Atomic force microscope (AFM) observation of the composite coatings showed that the diameters of HA rods varied from 95 nm to 116 nm and the root mean square roughness (RMS) of the composite coatings was about 42 nm, which were favorable for cellular survival. The bonding strength between the HA film and MAO coating increased to 12.3 MPa, almost two times higher than that of the direct electrochemical deposition coating (6.3 MPa). Compared with that of the substrate, the corrosion potential of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with composite coatings increased by 161 mV and its corrosion current density decreased from 3.36 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm² to 2.40 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² which was due to the enhancement of bonding strength and the deposition of RNHA in the MAO pores. Immersion tests were carried out at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that RNHA can induce the rapid precipitation of calcium orthophosphates in comparison with conventional HA coatings. Thus magnesium alloy coated with the composite coatings is a promising candidate as biodegradable bone implants.     

Gelatin–Chitosan composite capped gold nanoparticles: a matrix for the growth of hydroxyapatite

Growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) on gelatin–chitosan composite capped gold nanoparticles is presented for the first time by employing wet precipitation methods and we obtained good yields of HA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum has shown the characteristic bands of phosphate groups in the HA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures have shown spherical nanoparticles with the size in the range of 70–250 nm, whereas ≥2–50 nm sized particles were visualized in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum has shown Bragg reflections which are comparable with the HA. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies have confirmed calcium/phosphate stoichiometric ratio of HA. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown about 74% of inorganic crystals in the nanocomposite formed. These results have revealed that gelatin–chitosan capped gold nanoparticles, acted as a matrix for the growth of HA.