车载被动差分吸收光谱在城市道路空气污染监测中的应用

初步探索了一种基于自然光源的移动式车载被动差分光学吸收光谱仪测量系统,并在对合肥市区道路空气污染监测的实验中得到成功应用.该系统采用天顶散射光-被动差分吸收光谱(DOAS)技术对道路上方空气污染进行采样分析,同时结合GPS接收机采集实时经纬度坐标.通过时间信息对两者进行关联,利用GPS接收机定位坐标,并结合合肥市交通地图,依据光谱反演污染气体NO2的柱密度结果绘制整个城市道路上方污染气体浓度图.实验监测路段的NO2垂直柱密度与背景点(解放军电子工程学院校园)监测值之差为6.4×1014 molecule/cm2～1.96×1016 molecule/cm2,由于受到车辆类型、车流量等因素的影响,监测路段总体呈现东北方向平均浓度高于西南方向.     

Tracking molecular structure deformation of nitrobenzene and its torsion-vibration coupling by intense pumping CARS

The structural deformation induced by intense laser field of liquid nitrobenzene(NB) molecule,a typical molecule with restricting internal rotation,is tracked by time- and frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes.Raman spectroscopy(CARS) technique with an intense pump laser.The CARS spectra of liquid NB show that the NO_2 torsional mode couples with the NO_2 symmetric stretching mode,and the NB molecule undergoes ultrafast structural deformation with a relaxation time of 265 fs.The frequency of NO_2 torsional mode in liquid NB(42 cm~(-1)) at room temperature is found from the sum and difference combination bands involving the NO_2 symmetric stretching mode and torsional mode in time- and frequency-resolved CARS spectra.     

PdY合金及其一氢化物分子结构及热力学函数的研究

本文利用B3LYP的密度泛函方法对PdY、 PdYH的分子结构进行了优化,得到PdY最稳定的电子态为2∑,RPdY=0.2418 nm,ωe=249.66cm-1,De=2.75eV.PdYH最稳定构型为Cs,1A'态,RPdY=0.243 0 nm,RYH=0.197 4nm,∠PdYH=116.54°,谐振频率v1(a')=1 450.83cm-1,v2(a')=351.21cm-1,v3(a')=243.71cm-1,离解能De(PdYH)为5.64 eV.并以气态分子总能量中的振动能Ev代替分子处于固态时的振动能,以电子运动和振动运动熵SEv代替分子处于固态的熵的近似方法计算了PdY与氢及其同位素反应的△Hθ、△Sθ、△Gθ及氢化反应平衡压力,得出PdYH(S)的生成焓为60.32kJ·mol-1.     

NO2分子高灵敏度痕量探测技术研究

 搭建了一台基于蓝光LED的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱系统,并将其应用于NO2分子的高灵敏度痕量探测研究。在3 s采样时间下, 系统探测灵敏度为3.2×10-9 cm-1（1 σ）,对应NO2的探测极限约为187 pmol/mol。利用Allan方差对系统最佳采样时间及系统稳定性进行分析,当采样时间延长至30 s时,系统的探测极限可提高至44 pmol/mol。将该系统应用于实际大气中NO2的连续测量,其测量结果与商业化NOx分析仪（Thermo 42i）进行了比对测试。     

Scanning the energy dissipation process of energetic materials based on excited state relaxation and vibration–vibration coupling

The energy dissipation mechanism of energetic materials(EMs) is very important for keeping safety. We choose nitrobenzene as a model of EM and employ transient absorption(TA) spectroscopy and time-resolved coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering(CARS) to clarify its energy dissipation mechanism. The TA data confirms that the excited nitrobenzene spends about 16 ps finishing the twist intramolecular charge transfer from benzene to nitro group, and dissipates its energy through the rapid vibration relaxation in the initial excited state. And then the dynamics of vibrational modes(VMs) in the ground state of nitrobenzene, which are located at 682 cm~(-1)(v_1), 854 cm~(-1)(v_2), 1006 cm~(-1)(v_3), and 1023 cm~(-1)(v_4),is scanned by CARS. It exhibits that the excess energy of nitrobenzene on the ground state would further dissipate through intramolecular vibrational redistribution based on the vibrational cooling of vi and v_2 modes, v_1 and v_4 modes, and v_3 and v_4 modes. Moreover, the vibration-vibration coupling depends not only on the energy levels of VMs, but also on the spatial position of chemical bonds relative to the VM.     

Time resolved simultaneous detection of 14NO and 15NO via mid-infrared cavity leak-out spectroscopy

We present a ring-down absorption spectrometer based on a continuous-wave CO laser in the mid-infrared spectral region near lambda = 5 microm. Using a linear ring-down cavity (length: 0.5 m) with high reflective mirrors (R = 99.988 %), we observed a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 3 x 10(-10) cm(-1)Hz(-1/2). This corresponds to a noise-equivalent concentration of 800 parts per trillion (ppt) for (14)NO and 40 ppt for (15)NO in 1 s averaging time. We achieve a time resolution of 1 s which allows time resolved simultaneous detection of the two N isotopes. The delta(15)N value was obtained with a precision of +/-1.2 per thousand in a sample with a NO fraction of 11 ppm. The simultaneous detection enables the use of (15)NO as a tracer molecule for endogenous biomedical processes.     

基于车载便携式DOAS对工业园区SO_2,NO_2和苯的走航观测

介绍了自行研发的便携式DOAS系统,该系统基于差分吸收光谱技术(differential optical absorption spectroscopy,DOAS),并结合了光纤光谱仪和多次反射池技术。通过采用SO_2标准气体和NO_2标准气体对系统的精确度及稳定性进行测试,利用该系统对铜陵市某工业园区的SO_2,NO_2和苯等污染成分开展了走航观测实验。结果表明,在整个测量期间,以上污染气体在近污染厂区显示了较高的浓度值,SO_2的最高浓度为5 023.2μg·m~(-3),NO_2为2 195.2μg·m~(-3),苯为162.5μg·m~(-3)。在吸收光程为12.6m时,系统对SO_2,NO_2和苯的最低检测限分别为67.0,169.9和30.6μg·m~(-3)。该便携式DOAS系统可为工业园区气体泄漏、无组织排放等气态污染物的应急性及监督性监测和评估提供便捷、有效的技术手段。     

阴极灯中镧的Doppler—Limited光谱

我们在自制的La-Kr阴极灯中,利用激光诱导荧光法,在罗丹明6G和DCM染料波长范围内,对镧的超精细结构进行了较详细研究。其中关于能级19129.3、15196.8、18172.4、18603.92、22439.4cm~(-1)的超精细结构常数A的报道,据我们所知还是第一次。     

NaCl-MgCl_2-H_2O体系低温拉曼光谱研究

通过在低温下进行大量的最优生成条件的实验探索,得到了NaCl-H2O体系和MgCl2-H2O体系水合物生成的最优实验条件——迅速降温至-180℃然后缓慢升温至观察到水合物生成过程结束(即视野突然变暗),最后快速降温至-180℃。对NaCl-MgCl2-H2O体系进行了定性和半定量尝试,并得到结论:3 537cm-1可以指示NaCl的存在,3 514 cm-1可以指示MgCl2的存在;3 537和3 514 cm-1峰的相对高低可以大致判断出NaCl和MgCl2的相对多少。这一发现为天然包裹体液相成分拉曼光谱原位定性、定量分析奠定了良好的基础。对于历史上亚稳低共熔混合物形成过程的模式的争议,实验结果初步赞同了Samson等的观点,即冰在最初的冷却中形成,在冰之间的空隙中剩余过饱和的盐溶液,再次升温时,盐的水合物从这个液体中结晶出来。     

宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术应用于大气NO3自由基的测量

NO3自由基是夜间大气化学中最重要的氧化剂,控制着多种痕量气体成分的氧化及去除,了解NO3自由基的化学过程对研究灰霾等大气污染过程意义重大.NO3自由基浓度低、活性强,实现大气NO3自由基的高灵敏度准确测量相对困难.本文介绍了大气NO3自由基的宽带腔增强吸收光谱定量方法,采用红光LED作为宽带腔增强吸收光谱系统光源,设计低损耗且适合国内高颗粒物环境的采样气路,并通过LED光源测试确定最佳工作电流和温度;通过采用白天的大气谱作为背景光谱参与NO3自由基的光谱拟合过程,减少水汽对NO3自由基光谱反演的干扰;通过对镜片反射率和有效腔长进行标定,对系统性能进行Allan方差分析,该宽带腔增强吸收光谱系统在光谱采集时间为10 s的情况下,NO3自由基极限探测灵敏度为0.75 pptv,总测量误差约为16%.在合肥开展了实际大气NO3自由基观测,观测期间NO3自由基的浓度范围从低于探测限到23.4 pptv,NO3自由基浓度呈现夜间高、白天低的特征,符合NO3变化规律,表明该宽带腔增强吸收光谱系统能够用于实际大气NO3自由基的高灵敏度测量.     

First principles study and comparison of vibrational and thermodynamic properties of XBi(X= In,Ga, B,Al)

In the present work, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of XBi(X = B, Al, Ga, In) compounds are compared and investigated. The calculation is carried out using density functional theory(DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) in a plane wave basis, with ultrasoft pseudopotentials. The lattice dynamical properties are calculated using density functional perturbation theory(DFPT) as implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO(QE) code. Thermodynamic properties involving phonon density of states(DOS) and specific heat at constant volume are investigated using quasiharmonic approximation(QHA) package within QE. The phonon dispersion diagrams for InBi, GaBi, BBi, and AlBi indicate that there is no imaginary phonon frequency in the entire Brillouin zone, which proves the dynamical stability of these materials. BBi has the highest thermal conductivity and InBi has the lowest thermal conductivity. AlBi has the largest and GaBi has the smallest reststrahlen band which somehow suggests the polar property of XBi materials. The phonon gaps for InBi, GaBi, BBi and AlBi are about 160 cm~(-1), 150 cm~(-1), 300 cm~(-1), and 150 cm~(-1), respectively. For all compounds,the three acoustic modes near the gamma point have a linear behavior. C_V is a function of T~3 at low temperatures while for higher temperatures it asymptotically tends to a constant as expected.     

He-LiH的从头算势能面

采用超分子单双迭代耦合簇理论CCSD(T)方法和由键函数3s3p2d1f组成的大基组,计算得到了He-LiH体系的全程势能面.计算结果表明该势能面存在2个势阱:较深的势阱在Rm=0.225 nm处,阱深为177.53 cm-1,对应于线性He-LiH构型;较浅的势阱在Rm=0.529 nm处,阱深仅为9.88 cm-1,对应于线性He-HLi构型.     

金属镍吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算(二)--溶解度的计算方法

本文讨论了气固多相反应的一般条件,同时,根据文献[1]的H2-Ni系统的平衡压力,进一步计算H2在Ni(β)中的溶解度为338.11～966.55(cm3)/(cm3atm 1/2),溶解热为-4 064.06～-4 316.24 cal以及溶解度系数公式为S=T 0.464 8exp(4 894.33)/(RT),均与文献相合.这也表明文献[1]所建议的电子振动近似法的正确性.     

Cl/HN3/I2全气相化学激光体系的化学动力学模拟计算

 对Cl/HN₃/I₂产生NCl(a)/I激光的过程进行了化学动力学计算，主要考察了Cl,HN₃和I₂的初始粒子数密度及其配比对小信号增益系数的影响。结果发现,当温度为400K, 初始Cl粒子数密度为1×10¹⁵，1×10¹⁶和1×10¹⁷cm^-3时,小信号增益系数分别达到1.6×10^-4,1.1×10^-3和1.1×10^-2cm^-1，获得最佳小信号增益系数的HN₃和I₂的初始粒子数密度分别为初始Cl粒子数密度的1～2倍和2%～4%。同时，对Cl，HN₃和I₂配比对小信号增益系数和增益持续时间的影响进行了讨论。     

预-主短脉冲激光驱动的高增益类氖氩软X射线激光

 用数值模拟程序计算了脉宽1.5ps预脉冲和主脉冲激光，经1.2ns的时间延迟先后泵浦喷射的密度为6.632×10^-3g/cm³的氩气柱，以获得高增益的类氖离子电子碰撞激发3p-3s跃迁激光的可能性。结果表明：在等离子体中能够形成宽的类氖离子丰度大于50%的区域，并且具有大于10²⁰ cm^-3的自由电子密度。主脉冲到达之后迅速加热自由电子，高密度的自由电子与类氖离子碰撞激发形成具有很高增益系数的增益区，增益区的半高宽度大约100μm，一维理论计算的增益系数为200~300cm^－1，持续时间大约相当于泵浦激光的时间宽度，在1~2ps之间。     

基态S和D原子的低能弹性碰撞及SD(X~2Ⅱ)自由基的准确相互作用势与分子常数

使用Gaussian03程序包提供的CCSD(T)理论及Duning等的相关一致基cc-pVnz和aug-cc-pVnZ(n=2,3,4,5),对SD(X~2Ⅱ)自由基的平衡核间距、谐振频率及相互作用势进行了计算,并拟合出了相应的光谱常数.在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z理论水平下,光谱常数D_0,D_e,D_e,R_e,ω_e.a_e,B_o及B_e的值分别为3.65730 eV,3.77669 eV,0.13424 cm~(-1),1938.372 cm~(-1),0.09919 cm~(-1),4.88585 cm~(-1)和4.8872 cm~(-1),均与已有的实验结果相符很好.利用在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pv5Z理论水平下获得的相互作用势,在绝热近似下通过数值求解双原子分子核运动的径向薛定谔方程,找到了J=0时SD(X~2Ⅱ)自由基的全部23个振动态,完整地求出了每一振动态的振动能级及相应的经典转折点、惯性转动常数和离心畸变常数;在1.0×10~(-11)-1.0×10~(-4)a.u.的碰撞能区内通过数值求解原子.原子散射的径向薛定谔方程,研究了基态S原子和基态D原子沿sD(X~2Ⅱ)相互作用势的弹性碰撞,计算了这一弹性碰撞的总截面和各分波截面,分析了各分波截面对总截面的影响.结果表明:总截面的形状主要由S分波截面决定,尽管直到l=4的各分波截面均有形状共振存在,但由于其强度都较弱,全部被湮没在较强的总弹性截面中.

Abstract：

The equilibrium internuclear separations, harmonic frequencies and interaction potentials have been calculated by employing the CCSD(T) theory in combination with the series of the correlation-consistent basis sets, cc-pVnZ and aug-ce-pVnZ (n = 2, 3, 4, 5), of Dunning and co-workers. The potential energy curves are all fitted to the Murrell-Sorbie functions, which are used to determine the spectroscopic parameters. At the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z level of theory, the values of D_0, D_e, R_e, w_e, a_e,B_0 are 3.65730 eV, 3.77669 eV, 0.13424 cm~(-1), 1938.372 cm~(-1), 0.09919 cm~(-1) , 4.88585 cm~(-1) and 4.8872 cm~(-1), respectively, which conform almost perfectly with the available measurements. With the analytic interaction potential obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z level of theory, a total of 23 vibrational states has been predicted for the first time when the rotational quantum number J is set to equal zero (J = 0) by solving the radial Schrodinger equation of nuclear motion. The complete vibrational levels, classical turning points, inertial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants are reproduced from the SD (X~2Ⅱ) potential when J = 0. The total and various partial-wave cross sections are calculated for the elastic collisions between the ground-state S and D atoms at energies from 1.0 × 10~(11) to 1.0 × 10~(-4) a.u. when the two atoms approach each other along the SD(X~2Ⅱ) interaction potential. No shape resonances can be found in the total elastic cross sections. The results show that the shape of the total elastic cross sections is mainly dominated by the s-partial wave at very low temperatures. Because of the weakness of the shape resonances coming from various partial waves, they are all covered up by the strong total elastic cross sections.     

基于中频溅射的掺铒Al2O3薄膜的光致发光特性

利用中频磁控溅射方法沉积制备了掺铒Al2O3薄膜,室温下测量了薄膜在1535nm波长处的光致发光光谱和抽运功率、掺铒浓度、退火温度对光致发光光谱强度的影响。结果表明,在真空气压为2×10-1Pa,氩气流量为70cm3/s,氧气流量为25～45cm3/s的条件下,最佳掺铒浓度为1.0at%,最佳退火温度为850℃。     

NO分子双光子诱导荧光的自吸收现象

以皮秒Nd:YAG激光器抽运的光学参量发生/放大器为激发光源,获得了在452.4 nm波长激光激发下,NO分子的双光子激光诱导色散荧光光谱(LIDFS)。并由此得到了NO分子基电子态的振动基频和振动非谐性系数分别为ω″_e=(1 904.7±7.3) cm-1, ω″_eχ″_e=(14.2±1.2) cm-1, ω″ey″_e=-(0.021 8±0.009 1) cm-1。在NO分子双光子LIDFS实验研究中,首次观测到了NO分子强烈的自吸收现象,在较高样品气压条件下,色散荧光光谱图中对应A 2Σ(v′＝0)→X 2Π(v″＝0)跃迁的谱线消失。实验结果表明,自吸收现象导致的该跃迁谱线强度的变化,随样品气压、激光场和样品作用区到荧光接收窗口距离的减小而减小。     

金刚石薄膜中SP~2／SP~3键价比拉曼光谱分析

金刚石薄膜中ＳＰ￣２／ＳＰ￣３键价比拉曼光谱分析张兵临Ｈ，Ｍ．Ｐｈｉｌｌｌｉｐｓ（郑州大学物理系郑州４５００５２）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＳＰ￣２／　ＳＰ￣２／ＳＰ￣３ＢｏｎｄｉｎｇＲａｔｉｏｉｎＤｉａｍｏｎｄＴｈｉｎＦｉｌｍｓｂｙＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒ...     

开放光路非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术测量大气NO2

采用蓝色发光二极管(LED)作为非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术(IBBCEAS)系统光源,测量了436～470nm波段内NO2样气的吸收,验证IBBCEAS的高探测灵敏度。通过氮气和氦气两者瑞利散射截面的差异标定了镜片在430～490nm波段内的反射率,并利用纯氧中氧气二聚体(O2-O2)在477nm处的吸收验证了镜片反射率标定的准确性。镜片反射率在461nm处最大且为0.99937,光学腔长度为73.5cm时的最大有效光程为1.17km。当光谱采集时间为20s时,NO2的探测灵敏度(1σ)达到了0.25×10-9。进行了开放光路下环境大气中NO2和O2-O2在454～486nm波段内的吸收测量,结果表明大气中气溶胶等颗粒物的Mie散射消光降低了IBBCEAS仪器的探测灵敏度(1.04×10-9)。大气中O2-O2的测量为IBBCEAS吸收光程的在线标定提供了一种可行的途径。