基于双CCD的大型轴类零件直径非接触检测方法研究

针对重型机械工业生产中对大型轴类零件外径测量的需求,基于双CCD传感器测量原理研究了一种新型高效率、高精度的轴径检测方法。介绍了CCD测径系统的检测原理,针对单一CCD传感器测量范围小的缺点,提出了双CCD传感器组合测量大型轴类零件直径(Φ150mm~Φ300mm)的方法,并对影响精度的主要误差来源进行了分析。为了验证该方法的有效性,通过对7种不同直径的标准轴件进行测量,实验表明,测量精度小于±3μm,满足大型轴类零件外径测量的要求。     

基于图像处理的零件二维尺寸检测方法

为了提高零件二维尺寸测量精度和效率,提出一种基于图像处理的非接触式检测方法。对零件图像进行灰度化、采用自适应中值滤波算法来减小图像数据量以及除去噪声;通过最大类间方差法自动确定阈值获得二值图像;采用形态学梯度算子提取图像边缘,并用最小二乘法拟合像素尺寸;通过标准件法对系统进行标定获得零件尺寸。以6204-Z型深沟球轴承作为实验对象,获得轴承内、外径的尺寸。与游标卡尺测量结果比较,所提出的图像处理方法获得的内、外径平均误差达到9.6μm和0.7μm。通过实验对比与分析,方法快速有效,具有较高的准确性和良好的鲁棒性。     

三坐标激光非接触测量技术在武器系统测量领域的应用

为实现某武器系统核心部件的自动精确测量,依据通用三坐标测量系统设计原理,研制了一套激光扫描自动测量系统。本文首先介绍了测量系统的组成;然后从激光测量头测量原理、电路原理和气路原理等三方面介绍了系统的工作原理;通过建立理想测量模型和实际测量模型,给出了测量坐标系与用户坐标系的转换关系及利用标准件进行系统参数标定的方法;最后,通过建立准刚体误差数学模型,对系统误差进行了分析、计算。测量结果表明,该系统单点测量精度优于7μm,球面度测量精度优于22μm。     

连续波甲醇远红外激光器

对开式腔和波导腔光泵甲醇远红外激光器的运转特性进行了研究。获得了70.6、118.8、392、418、570.5μm的激光振荡。118.8μm和570.5μm的连续波输出功率分别达到12.6mW和3.5mW.用腔长扫描方法和扫描法布里-珀罗干涉仪测量了远红外激光波长,测量精度达到±0.5μm。     

基于相位偏移干涉术的薄膜厚度测量方法

为解决薄膜厚度的高精度测量问题,提出一种基于相位偏移干涉术的薄膜厚度测量新方法,利用该方法对一个实际SiO₂薄膜样片进行测试,通过对所获取的干涉图进行相位解包及数据分析处理,实现对薄膜样片厚度的精确测试。结果表明：该方法具有非接触和测量精度高等优点,所测薄膜厚度的峰谷值为0.162μm,均方根值为0.043μm,为薄膜工艺的进一步研究提供了检测方法上的技术保障。     

滑块内滚道型面精度的倾斜测量

为了实现滑块内滚道型面精度的快速准确测量,提出一种基于激光三角位移传感器倾斜测量的方法。对该方法的算法进行推理与验证,同时借助高精度圆棒进行实验验证。根据测量系统的特征与滑块内滚道的形状,建立相对应的模型。设计相应的算法,计算滑块内滚道的半径,并对测量过程中的误差来源进行标定补偿。在内滚道轮廓算法的基础上,计算滑块内滚道的轴线相对基准面的位置与平行度。介绍该方案的验证性实验并分析结果。实验结果表明:标准圆棒的测量精度为3.75μm,标准差在2μm以内。实验结果满足5μm的测量精度要求,且该测量方式对标定件与待测件没有位姿要求,具备一定的推广性。     

分步加压法测量薄壁空心玻璃微球的耐压能力

 根据空心玻璃微球（HGM）耐内、外压能力与玻璃强度及形状因子的关系,用压力负荷分步增加的方法分别实验测量了直径为350μm～550μm、壁厚＜1.1μm的3种配方HGM的耐内、外压能力及HGM玻璃的杨氏模量和拉伸强度,并由强度测定值给出了不同直径与壁厚HGM的耐内、外压能力的计算式,分析了测量误差,提出了改进方案。     

反射式表面粗糙度光纤传感器及其模糊算法

本文提出了一种新型表面粗糙度光纤传感器,阐述了它的结构、工作原理,给出了测试结果.运用模糊算法,分析实测数据,得到系统的测量规则和隶属函数.经过模糊推理和决策计算出相应的输出值.该算法可减小测量误差,提高测量精度,扩大测量范围.本系统能准确地识别R_a分别为0.012μm,0.025μm,0.5μm,0.1μm的被测表面.     

强激光与红外传感器光轴平行性测量仪器的研制

研制了一种可在野外使用的光轴平行性测量仪器，该仪器利用热靶技术进行1．06μm激光谱段到3～5μm、8—12μm红外谱段的转换，实现了对光电跟踪测量设备25MW强激光发射器光轴与红外传感器光轴间的平行性误差测量。仪器的设计主体采用完全对称的结构和积木式的组装方式，保证了仪器在野外恶劣环境下保持测量精度不变。通过巧妙地利用电磁开关控制，实现了仪器靶面的远距离控制转换。装调工艺和检测措施确保了仪器的测量精度，并通过各种环境试验验证了仪器的可靠性。对仪器精度和环境适应性测试表明，该仪器测量精度达到10＂，并可在-30℃-＋60℃的条件下，保持精度≤10＂。     

双频激光在超精孔径测量中的应用

一种以激光波长为基准的小孔孔径超精测量系统 ,采用双频激光干涉技术、温度误差实时修正技术和符合阿贝原则的合理布局 ,在 8mm～ 5 0mm的范围内实现 0 .0 1μm的分辨力和 0 .1μm的测量精度。该方法已成功应用在惯性仪表零件孔径及垂直度的超精测量中。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.