SPR生物传感器快速检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7的研究

建立了一种基于表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)原理的生物传感器方法,实现了快速检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7。研究选用BIACORE 3000系统及葡聚糖修饰的CM5芯片,先用EDC/NHS将芯片活化,然后抗体直接通过酰胺键固定在金表面,再用乙醇胺封闭,这样处理之后的芯片就可用于检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7。利用NaOH溶液对芯片再生,实现对多个不同浓度样品检测,采用时间对响应单位(RU)记录数据。该法检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7的检测限为3×105CFU.mL-1,RU变化值和大肠杆菌O157∶H7的浓度在一定范围内相关性良好,相关系数达到0.99。检测时间短,一个样品仅需5~7 min,再生效果好,芯片可重复使用50次以上。可快速、在线、稳定地检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7,有望成为一种在线检测食品致病性微生物的有力手段。     

免疫磁分离技术在E.coli O157:H7检测中的应用

免疫磁分离(immunomagnetic separation)技术因其具有选择性好、特异性强、能起到浓缩的作用,已与其他快速检测方法如电化学、光学等方法连用,应用于食品、环境卫生检测等领域.免疫磁分离技术是目前最有推广价值的技术之一.文章通过比较不同的E.coli O157:H7-免疫磁珠(immunomagnetic beads,IMB)浓度配比、E.coli O157:H7与Bacillus subtilis不同的体积比下的免疫磁分离的捕获率,得出当E coli O157:H7-IMB浓度配比为1:30时,捕获率近100%,即所有的目标菌均可被捕获到;在总体积不变、IMB的加入量一定的情况下,随着Bacillus subtilis比例的增加,捕获率出现先下降后上升的情况.同时,将IMS与ATP生物发光法结合起来,对不同浓度的E coli O157:H7进行了检测,得出该方法与传统的平板培养法具有很好的线性相关性,则R2=0.988 2,检测限可低达102 CFU·mL-1.     

痕量样品高灵敏度快速测量方法与便携式系统研究

为了实现高灵敏度、快速、准确鉴定痕量病原菌核酸样品,介绍了一种痕量核酸样品高灵敏度快速测量方法,并发展了一种微流控芯片核酸等温扩增实时分子诊断技术,研制了新型微纳体系生化反应载体芯片。通过表面惰性处理降低芯片表面对生物分子的吸附影响,构建一种大数值孔径、长工作距离的便携式共焦光学检测系统,有效消除背景荧光的影响,提高了检测灵敏度。在微纳升(7μL～40nL)试剂消耗反应体系水平,实现检测灵敏度5个DNA分子拷贝数,并以呼吸道感染疾病的大肠埃希氏菌检测为例,开展临床应用研究,满足低成本临床医疗应用需要。     

ATP生物发光法检测E.coliO157:H7的研究

ATP生物发光法是近年来发展最快的定量微生物检测分析技术之一,具有快速、简便、灵敏度高等特点,已在食品、化工、环境等众多领域得到了广泛应用,主要是通过间接测定活菌总数来监测样品清洁度或卫生状况.文章利用ATP生物发光法建立了E coliO157;H7与光源计数值的定量线性模型,研究了pH 7.4下四种不同的缓冲液(KH2PO4-NaOH,NazHPO+-C6H8O7,PBS、Tris-HCl)、质量浓度为10 g·L-1下五种不同的化学物质(NaOH,NaCl,NaH2PO+4KCl,MgCl2)对E coliO157:H7光源计数值的影响.结果表明:Tris-HCI缓冲液对茵液的稀释效果最好,其对不同稀释浓度的区分能见度好,并且背景信号最小;MgCl2对发光有明显的增强作用,而NaOH,NaCl,NaHz PO4,KCl对发光有较大的抑制作用,其中NaOH对发光的抑制作用最大,达60.56%.同时,ATP生物发光法与传统的培养法相关性良好(r=0.9608),检测限可达103cells·mL-1.     

ATP生物发光法检测E. coliO157∶H7的研究

ATP生物发光法是近年来发展最快的定量微生物检测分析技术之一,具有快速、简便、灵敏度高等特点,已在食品、化工、环境等众多领域得到了广泛应用,主要是通过间接测定活菌总数来监测样品清洁度或卫生状况。文章利用ATP生物发光法建立了E. coliO157∶H7与光源计数值的定量线性模型,研究了pH 7.4下四种不同的缓冲液（KH2PO4-NaOH,Na2HPO4-C6H8O7,PBS、Tris-HCl）、质量浓度为10 g.L^-1下五种不同的化学物质（NaOH,NaCl,NaH2PO4,KCl,MgCl2）对E.coliO157∶H7光源计数值的影响。结果表明：Tris-HCl缓冲液对菌液的稀释效果最好,其对不同稀释浓度的区分能见度好,并且背景信号最小;MgCl2对发光有明显的增强作用,而NaOH,NaCl,NaH2PO4,KCl对发光有较大的抑制作用,其中NaOH对发光的抑制作用最大,达60.56%。同时,ATP生物发光法与传统的培养法相关性良好（r=0.9608）,检测限可达103cells.mL^-1。     

Y_2O_3纳米晶体中Ln~(3+)(Ln=Tb,Tm,Eu)发光浓度猝灭及能量传递的研究

采用燃烧法制备了不同Ln3+(Ln=Tb,Tm,Eu)掺杂浓度和不同粒径的Y2O3:Im纳米晶体粉末样品,并通过高温退火获得了相应掺杂浓度的体材料样品.测量了纳米和体材料样品的发射光谱、XRD谱并拍摄了不同粒径样品的TEM照片.研究了纳米Y2O3:Ln晶体粉末中发光中心的浓度猝灭现象和不同发光中心之间的能量传递行为.研究发现,在Y2O3纳米晶体粉末中,Tb3:5D4→7F5和Eu3+:5D0→7F2发光的浓度猝灭与体材料中相似,而Tb3+:5D3→7F5和Tm3+:1D2→3H4发光的猝灭浓度明显高于体材料.这是因为纳米微晶的界面会阻止能量传递的进行,产生较强的尺寸限制效应,抑制发光材料中发光中心之间能量传递的进行,但不同类型的能量传递对粒径尺寸变化的依赖关系不同.尺寸限制效应对长程相互作用类型的能量传递(如电偶极一电偶极相互作用)的抑制作用明显,对短程相互作用类型的能量传递(如交换相互作用)的影响较小.     

H_3BO_3对Y_(1.98)O_3:Eu_(0.01),Dy_(0.01)红色长余辉发光材料结构和余辉性能的影响

采用高温固相法制备了发光样品Y1.98O3:Eu3+0.01,Dy3+0.01.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、荧光光谱仪、单光子计数器测试了不同含量的H3BO3对Y1.98O3:Eu3+0.01,Dy3+0.01物相结构、颗粒形貌、发光性能、余辉性能的影响.结果表明当H3BO3含量低于8%(mol)时,样品可保持Y2O3晶格结构,且样品颗粒随H3BO3的含量增加逐渐增大.样品光致发光由Eu3+离子电子的5D0→7FJ跃迁所致,主峰位于612 nm,且发光强度随H3BO3含量的增加呈线性增强.随着H3BO3含量的增加,样品余辉衰减时间逐渐增加,热释光谱分析表明H3BO3的加入增加了基质陷阱能级的深度与浓度,故而导致样品长余辉性能的变化.     

CaMgSi2O6:Eu的真空紫外光谱特性

采用高温固相反应利用原料CaCO3,MgO,SiO2和Eu2O3合成CaMgSi2O6:Eu3 样品,并研究了其结构特性、光谱特性.CaMgSi2O6:Eu3 属于单科晶系,基质掺入Eu离子后结构没有明显变化.CaMgSi2O6:Eu3 在147 nm真空紫外光激发下呈红色发射,发射主峰位于611 nm,是Eu3 的5D0→7F2跃迁的典型发射.当Eu3 的相对摩尔浓度在0.02到0.10 mol之间变化时,由相关数据可以发现有浓度猝灭现象发生.CaMgsi2O6:Eu2 在172 nm真空紫外光激发下呈蓝色发射,发射主峰位于452 nm,是Eu2 的5d→4f跃迁的典型发射.添加不同浓度的H3BO3后可大大提高样品的发光强度.     

Na+离子掺杂Gd2O3:Sm3+纳米晶的发光增强

采用柠檬酸作燃烧剂,在柠檬酸-硝酸盐体系下制备了Gd2O3:Sm3+和Gd2O3:Sm3+,Na+纳米晶.用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪等对样品的结构、形貌和光致发光性能进行了分析.结果表明:所得纳米样品为纯立方相,晶粒尺寸约为30 nm.在室温下,用275 nm激发光激发各样品时,可观测到Sm3+离子的较强发光,其主发射峰位分别位于561.5,603.5,651.5 nm,分别对应着Sm3+离子的4G5/2→6H5/2,4G5/2→6H7/2和7G5/2→6H9/2的电子跃迁,其中以4G5/2→6H7/2跃迁的光谱强度最强.实验表明:Na+离子的掺入使得Sm3+离子的光发射强度显著增强.对引起样品荧光强度变化的原因进行了分析.     

基于银溶胶表面增强拉曼光谱对菠菜毒死蜱农药的快速检测

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术,建立了一种用于菠菜中毒死蜱农药残留的非破坏、快速检测方法。以碱性环境下盐酸羟胺还原法制备的银溶胶作为表面增强剂滴涂于菠菜样品表面后,采用实验室自行搭建的拉曼系统直接采集样品的拉曼信息,该方法无需对样品进行前处理,可以实现菠菜中毒死蜱含量的实时在线定量分析。采集24片不同毒死蜱含量的菠菜样品拉曼光谱,每个样品采集20个点。拉曼信号采集后,用气相色谱法对24个菠菜样品中毒死蜱含量进行检测。为了消除光谱噪音以及荧光背景对分析建模的影响,分别采用Savitzky-Golay平滑和有效峰线性拟合法对原始拉曼光谱进行预处理。该表面增强拉曼方法具有较好的重复性,实验中对50个相同毒死蜱含量,但不同状态的菠菜进行光谱采集,其相对标准偏差为13.4%,说明该方法具有一定的普适性。光谱预处理后,选取615.5~626.4 cm-1波段为感兴趣区域,建立0.05~37.4 mg·kg-1浓度范围内毒死蜱含量的多元线性预测模型,结果表明感兴趣区域的拉曼信号和毒死蜱浓度呈良好的线性关系,其校正集和验证集相关系数R_C和R_P分别为0.961和0.954。该方法的最低检出含量为0.05 mg·kg-1,低于国家标准规定的农药残留最大限量。该方法简单快速,无需样品前处理,可以实现果蔬的农药残留快速、定量检测。     

Using fluorescence measurement of zinc ions liberated from ZnS nanoparticle labels in bioassay for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> O157:H7

In this study, an alternative approach using ZnS nanoparticle biolabels as fluorescence signal transducers is reported for the immunoassay of E. coli O157:H7 in tap water samples. Instead of measuring the fluorescence of ZnS nanoparticles in the assay, the fluorescence signal is generated through the binding of zinc ions released from nanoparticle labels with zinc-ion sensitive fluorescence indicator Fluozin-3. In the assay, ZnS nanoparticles around 50 nm in diameter were synthesized, bioconjugated, and applied for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. The assay shows a detection range over two orders of magnitude and a detection limit around 1000 colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli O157:H7.     

Recovery of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Milk and Cream of Chicken Soup from High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Bacteriocin Applications Upon Storage

By the application of HHP; more than 8 log cycle reduction was achieved for E. coli O157:H7 933 and Salmonella FDA in milk and cream of chicken soup in 5 min. Storage of HHP treated milk samples showed absence of both bacteria for 24 h at 4 °C and for 48 h at 37 °C. The population of the strains in cream of chicken soup exceeded their initial value after 5 days of storage at 25 °C. BP 1 was combined with HHP and used for inhibition of surviving bacterial species in cream of chicken soup. There was at least 7 log cycle reduction in E. coli O157:H7 933 and Salmonella FDA after 5 and 7 days of storage at 25 °C respectively, when compared to HHP alone. Combination of HHP with BP 1 extended the shelf life of cream of chicken soup for both bacterial species an additional 2 days at 25 °C when compared with HHP treatment alone.     

Characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon substrate comparative with polymer substrate for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection

This article presents the characterization of two substrates, silicon and polymer coated with gold, that are functionalized by mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in order to efficiently immobilize the anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 polyclonal purified antibody.A biosurface functionalized by SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) technique has been developed. Immobilization of goat anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody was performed by covalently bonding of thiolate mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) realized on two substrates: polymer coated with gold and silicon coated with gold. The F(ab′)₂ fragments of the antibodies have been used for eliminating nonspecific bindings between the Fc portions of antibodies and the Fc receptor on cells. The properties of the monolayers and the biofilm formatted with attached antibody molecules were analyzed at each step using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In our study the gold-coated silicon substrates approach yielded the best results.These experimental results revealed the necessity to investigate each stage of the immobilization process taking into account in the same time the factors that influence the chemistry of the surface and the further interactions as well and also provide a solid basis for further studies aiming at elaborating sensitive and specific immunosensor or a microarray for the detection of E. coli O157:H7.     

地表水微囊藻毒素的表面等离波子共振免疫检测方法研究

结合表面等离波子共振(SPR)技术与免疫检测技术,研究和建立了一种响应速度快、免标记、低成本的地表水微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)检测方法。基于SpreetaTM传感器构建了小型SPR免疫检测系统,采用共价偶联方法在传感器金膜表面修饰MC-LR-BSA抗原为生物敏感膜;开展了MC-LR的SPR免疫检测方法实验研究,结果表明该方法的相对标准偏差为1.0%(n=6),定量范围为2～32ng/mL,检测限为0.63ng/mL,半抑制浓度CI50为10.7ng/mL,空白加标回收率和样品加标回收率在90%～113%之间。实样检测实验中,管道末梢饮用自来水水样未能检测出MC-LR,而某湖水水样中MC-LR的质量浓度为2.46ng/mL。实验研究与结果表明,MC-LR的SPR免疫检测方法可以满足世界卫生组织(WHO)对于饮用水中MC-LR最低含量检测的需求。     

基于表面等离子体共振的水质分析系统稳定性研究

根据表面等离子体共振的原理，建立了可用于长期、实时、不间断检测的水质分析系统.为了提高系统的稳定性，对表面等离子体共振传感芯片进行了改进，利用LB法在传感芯片的金属膜表面镀制了聚苯乙烯（PS）层.利用改进前后的表面等离子体共振传感芯片分别对两种样品进行了稳定性实验研究.分析经过长时间检测前后所测得的实验数据，发现改进后的水质分析系统所测得的溶液表面等离子体共振共振角的变化为改进前系统的1/10，最小反射率改变为改进前的1/30.实验证明，经过改进的水质分析系统能更适用于长期不间断的检测分析.     

基于光纤SPR光谱分析的水质矿化度检测研究

从溶液离子影响表面等离子体共振(SPR)光谱特征的角度,分析讨论了光纤SPR光谱对水溶液离子成分检测的灵敏特征,基于此并应用于以矿化度为代表的水质检测中。研究通过对不同离子状态的电解质溶液(NaCl,KCl,CaCl₂,MgCl₂,Na₂CO₃,MgSO₄和ZnSO₄)和非电解质溶液(蔗糖、丙三醇、葡萄糖)下的光纤SPR光谱分析,得到水环境的杂质离子含量对SPR光谱的影响规律,进而实现了水质矿化度的检测。研究同时给出了光纤SPR光谱法与电导率分析法在八种不同水样的检测对比分析,光纤SPR光谱法拥有高灵敏度、快速响应、抗电磁干扰等优点,对光纤SPR技术在水质检测领域的应用打下良好的基础。     

Design of a silicon-based plasmonic optical sensor for magnetic field monitoring in the infrared

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip is proposed for magnetic field monitoring in the infrared wavelength region. The structure is based on silicon substrate and gold as SPR-active metal used with an appropriate magnetic fluid film. The angular interrogation method has been used to study the sensor’s performance in terms of large shift and small width of the SPR curve for a wide range of magnetic field between 30 and 220 Oe. The effect of field incidence angle is also studied on the proposed sensor’s performance, and it is observed that the field should be incident as parallel to the magnetic fluid surface as possible. Any possibility of oxidation problem to the proposed SPR sensor is addressed by using a stable buffer layer. All the performance parameters were found to be significantly large for the above field incidence condition. The proposed sensor is able to achieve a resolution of the order as high as 0.18 Oe for magnetic field detection.     

Detection of pathogenic microorganisms using biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in DNA solution

The present paper introduces a facile and cost-effective route for the direct dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in DNA solution. Their application in detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 using DNA biosensor was demonstrated. The dispersion state of the MWCNTs was characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The interaction between DNA sequence and the MWCNTs was investigated using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As-obtained MWCNT solution was used in the preparation of DNA sensor. Results revealed that the developed DNA sensor can detect a DNA target as low as 1 nM in a buffer solution. The sensitivity of the DNA sensor reached approximately 0.19 nM/mV. The effect of dispersion parameters, including pH values, DNA concentration, ion strength, and sonication time, on sensor response was also studied. The DNA sensor can respond well to 120 min of sonication time, a pH value of 9, and 20 μM of DNA sequence concentration. The results of the present study showed a potential application of the DNA sensor in the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7.     

Integrated Si‐based nanoplasmonic sensor with phase‐sensitive angular interrogation

This work is related to the development of an integrated Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor on silicon platform. The optical properties of metallic nanogratings fabricated on the semiconductor structure allow direct plasmonic detection in transmission mode. Specially designed angular interrogation method provides a periodic signal with phase dependent on the conditions of surface plasmon excitation. Proposed technique leads to sensitivity better than 10^?6 RIU for conventional SPR Kretschmann configuration and was tested on the integrated Si‐based nanoplasmonic chip. Developed concept is promising for low‐cost mono and multi ‐sensing applications by portable or stationary platforms.