共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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焦耳定律作为理想气体的能态方程,是热力学一般能态方程在理想气体物态方程约束下的特殊解,本质上不独立于物态方程.但焦耳定律却是理想气体温标等于热力学温标的充分必要条件,以理想气体温标表述理想气体定义时,物态方程和焦耳定律缺一不可. 相似文献
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关于理想气体的宏观定义 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
讨论了理想气体的热力学方面的定义,说明:玻意耳定律,理论气体温标和焦耳定律是从宏观上界定理想气体的基本上属性和特征的三个必不可少的实验定律。 相似文献
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关于理想气体定义的再认识 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
本文指出:只需玻意耳定律和阿伏伽德罗定律即可定义理想气体.玻意耳定律和焦耳定律不是相互独立的,遵守玻意耳定律的气体必然服从焦耳定律,反之则不然.最后,作者对今日热力学教材中如何定义理想气体提出了建议. 相似文献
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理想气体的状态方程pV=nRθ,是依据三个实验定律进行热力学理论推导的结果。根据它可以用理想气体实现热力学温标。pV=nRT是依据实验事实得到的理想气体绝对温标的定义式。两者的物理意义是不相同的。 相似文献
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在证明理想气体卡诺循环的效率时,一般教科书都利用理想气体的绝热过程方程 常数(或与其等价的方程),但是这一方程是在假定y为一与温度无关的常数下得到的近似方程,利用了上述近似方程容易使人怀疑证明的结果是否也有近似的性质.答案自然是否定的,本文提出一种改进了的证明,其中只利用热力学第一定律和理想气体的定义.从而避免了 中含有近似成份的不正确想法。 证明如下: 考虑理想气体的卡诺循环如图(1) (1)1→2.等温膨胀过程.由第一定律和理想气体的内能仅为温度的函数可知。在这个过程中系统内能不变,系统对外作的功等于系统从热源T1中吸… 相似文献
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温度是热力学中核心的物理量,也是我们日常生活中最常接触的物理量之一。简单来说,温度是我们对物体冷热程度的度量①。如果我们进一步追溯温度的定义和测量过程,就会接触到另一个我们熟知的重要概念——热平衡。考虑一个如图1(a)所示的带有活塞的气缸,气缸内部封闭一定量的理想气体。我们假设气缸具有导热性,理想气体可以通过气缸与外界环境交换热量。 相似文献
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多方过程几种定义说法等效性的证明 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多方过程,又名多变过程,在热力工程中有重要的实用价值.在普通物理热学教材中对于多方过程的讲解,一般是不加推导直接利用理想气体的绝热过程得出多方过程方程,有关多方过程的定义说 相似文献
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也谈理想气体定义——兼对“理想气体的定义”一文质疑 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
主张为物质的理想模型下定义时要注意实验基础,在不同的数学阶段使用不同的理想气体定义,文中分析了从玻意耳-马略特定律导出焦耳定律某些方法的缺陷,指出了合理的证明方法。 相似文献
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Robert H. Swendsen 《Journal of statistical physics》2004,117(5-6):1063-1070
In a recent paper, Nagle criticized the new definition of entropy that I had proposed in an earlier work. In the examples for which Nagle claims my definition fails, he took a formula that I had derived for one set of experiments and used it to represent my definition for other experiments. However, the formulas obtained from my definition depend on the specific experimental observables. If my definition is correctly applied to Nagles experiments, no contradictions remain. 相似文献
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Systems of photosynthetic reaction centres have been modelled as heat engines, while it has also been reported that the efficiency and power of such heat engines can be enhanced by quantum interference|a trait that has attracted much interest. We compare two definitions of the work of such a photosynthetic heat engine, i.e. definition A used by Weimer et al. and B by Dorfman et al. We also introduce a coherent interaction between donor and acceptor (CIDA) to demonstrate a reversible energy transport. We show that these two definitions of work can impart contradictory results, that is, CIDA enhances the power and efficiency of the photosynthetic heat engine with definition B but not with A. Additionally, we find that both reversible and irreversible excitation-energy transport can be described with definition A, but definition B can only model irreversible transport. As a result, we conclude that definition A is more suitable for photosynthetic systems than definition B. 相似文献
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Peter Havas 《General Relativity and Gravitation》1987,19(5):435-453
In a recent article, De Ritis and Guccioni claimed to give an easy way of falsifying the conventionalist interpretation of the definition of simultaneity of distant events within an inertial system. For a particular closed light path, they derived a necessary condition and claimed that it could be violated by a nonstandard choice of the definition of simultaneity. It is pointed out here that (as shown by many authors) the possibility of a nonstandard definition is implicitly contained in a generally covariant formulation of the special theory of relativity, and it is shown that conditions such as the one they derived are satisfied automatically. The most general position-independent definition of simultaneity is given, and an example of a position- as well as direction-dependent definition is exhibited in an Appendix. A number of objections against the possibility of a nonstandard definition of simultaneity raised by various authors are discussed and are found to lack any physical or mathematical justification. 相似文献
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Ilangkovan Krishnasamy 《General Relativity and Gravitation》1985,17(7):621-627
The general-relativistic field equations are examined from the point of view of a local inertial observer and a quasilocal definition of energy-momentum is thereby obtained. This definition relates to the Bel-Robinson tensor and the approach is shown to be consistent with the result obtained from the definition of energy given by Hawking. 相似文献
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高清图像跟踪系统是一种可以实时显示运动目标、并对目标进行跟踪的高新技术设备。HDMI是Silicon Image等八家公司推出的针对高清电视机终端的开放式高清晰度多媒体接口,它采用一种独特的TMDS编码机制,具备在单一线缆上同时传输音视频数据的能力。基于高清电视的图像跟踪系统,充分利用其高分辨率特性,既可以实现运动目标地精确跟踪,又可以实时高速地显示图像。HDMI体系结构紧凑,使得图像跟踪系统更小巧轻便。 相似文献
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为了满足自动对焦系统的实时性与抗噪性要求,提出了一种基于SUSAN算子的清晰度评价函数。该函数利用SUSAN边缘提取算子的算法简单、准确度高、抗噪性强的特点,对SUSAN算子边缘检测函数进行改进,将边缘点的USAN值的平方和作为清晰度评价值,并将其运用到自动对焦算法中。将该函数与几个经典的清晰度评价函数进行性能比较,实验结果表明:对于引入噪声前后的图像序列,基于SUSAN算子的清晰度评价函数均具有良好的单峰性、无偏性和较高的灵敏度;对于256×256的对焦窗口图片,该函数在TMS320C6416硬件平台上的运行时间仅为16 ms。该函数能够满足清晰度评价函数的单峰性、无偏性、高灵敏度等基本特性,同时具有良好的实时性与抗噪性。 相似文献