激光入射角度对薄膜热场分布影响的数值分析

在多层介质薄膜中，激光的入射方式是影响薄膜抗损伤能力的关键因素之一.提出了一种模拟锥角高斯光入射多层介质薄膜后电场和热场分布的方法.该方法能够分析薄膜中高斯光各个角谱分量叠加形成的电场分布，进而得到由于薄膜本征吸收产生的热量沉积以及薄膜内部的温度场分布.针对中心波长为4.3 μm的中红外高反膜进行了分析，给出了高反膜系的温升峰值随激光入射角度和偏振态的变化.结果表明：对于s偏振光，斜入射时膜系的最高温升峰值高于垂直入射峰值，而p光的结果则相反.此种模拟方法克服了原有方法对激光入射角度的限制，较好地反映出斜入射情况下激光偏振态对薄膜损伤的影响. 关键词： 多层介质薄膜 高斯光 热过程 数值分析     

金刚石/ZnSe结构中瞬态热栅场的有限元法分析

利用有限元法分析计算了脉冲激光激发瞬态热栅在金刚石薄膜/ZnSe衬底双层结构中的三维温度场分布及变化。通过比较不同厚度金刚石薄膜样品的温度场分布,结果显示金刚石薄膜的厚度对样品中温度场的分布有较大影响,随着薄膜厚度的增大,峰值温度提高并且二次加热现象更加明显。     

不同波长激光同时辐照薄膜热效应研究

通过分析两个不同波长激光同时辐照下薄膜体内驻波场分布并求解热传导方程,得到1 064 nm激光和355 nm激光在三倍频分离膜内共同作用下二维温度场分布.研究表明:1 064 nm激光和355 nm激光共同作用引起薄膜体内的温升峰值高于相同能量1 064 nm激光单独作用引起的薄膜体内的温升峰值,低于相同能量355 nm激光单独作用引起的薄膜体内的温升峰值.     

不同波长激光同时辐照薄膜热效应研究

通过分析两个不同波长激光同时辐照下薄膜体内驻波场分布并求解热传导方程,得到1 064 nm激光和355 nm激光在三倍频分离膜内共同作用下二维温度场分布.研究表明：1 064 nm激光和355 nm激光共同作用引起薄膜体内的温升峰值高于相同能量1 064 nm激光单独作用引起的薄膜体内的温升峰值,低于相同能量355 nm激光单独作用引起的薄膜体内的温升峰值.     

多层超薄薄膜介质光热辐射的三维理论研究

在柱坐标系下，以热传导方程及边界条件为基础，通过Hankel变换及逆变换，得到多层热单介质膜中的温度场.以特殊参数为例，对膜层为三层时的特殊情况进行讨论，得知对于高热 扩散率的薄膜材料，纵向和横向的热导率比值越大，相位的变化也越大.低热扩散率薄膜材 料，不同的纵向和横向的热导率比对光热信号的影响很小.同时，光吸收系数越小，频率变 化对相位影响越明显. 关键词： 多层 热单介质膜 温度场     

激光诱导多层光学薄膜损伤分析与仿真

提出一种全面分析光学薄膜损伤特性的方法,根据热传导理论与电子增殖理论建立激光辐照下多层介质膜的损伤理论模型。以HfO₂/SiO₂多层高反膜为例,计算红外纳秒脉冲激光作用下膜系内部的温度场、应力场以及自由电子数密度分布,对其热学特性与电子增殖特性进行综合评估后,得到不同输入条件下膜系的损伤阈值。结果表明,薄膜材料的损伤特性会受到驻波场的影响,在1064 nm波长的激光辐照下HfO₂/SiO₂ 多层介质薄膜的热致应力损伤效应先于热熔融效应先于场效应发生,且薄膜中SiO₂层发生热损伤,而薄膜并未发生场损伤,此外薄膜的损伤阈值随着激光脉宽的增大而增大。     

脉冲激光对类金刚石（DLC）薄膜的热冲击效应研究

强激光辐照红外热像系统时，可造成系统的干扰和破坏，激光的波长不同，对系统的破坏效果也不同.为了保护红外系统窗口以及提高窗口的透过率，红外窗口广泛沉淀类金刚石（DLC）薄膜.当入射的激光波长位于红外系统响应波段外时，激光对系统的破坏首先是激光对DLC薄膜的破坏.以波长为1.06μm的激光为例，研究了脉冲激光对DLC薄膜的损伤机理，建立了DLC薄膜的热冲击效应模型，并通过求解热传导和应力平衡方程，得出了薄膜的温度场和应力场分布.理论分析表明，热应力破坏在脉冲强激光对DLC膜的损伤机理中占主导地位.当 辐照能量密度为E₀=100mJ·cm^-2时，在薄膜表面距光斑中心约 40μm区域内的压应 力明显超出其断裂强度，将造成膜层的剥离、脱落.理论分析与实验结果基本相符，表明建 立热冲击效应模型的正确性. 关键词： 激光辐照 类金刚石（DLC）薄膜 热冲击效应     

长脉冲激光辐照下单层HfO2薄膜的温度场分析

激光系统中的光学薄膜极易受到高能激光的辐照而产生热损伤,因此研究长脉冲激光作用下光学薄膜的温度场非常重要。建立了二维轴对称杂质模型,使用有限元方法计算了单层HfO2薄膜材料的瞬态温度分布,进一步分析了铂金杂质粒子的吸收系数、填满深度对膜层及其基底最大温升的影响。结果表明：相比于纯净HfO2薄膜,当薄膜中杂质粒子深度为100 nm时,其表面最大温度增加1倍左右;当粒子深度大于750 nm时,基底温度高于薄膜表面温度,从而可以使热损伤从薄膜基底开始。研究结果对于长脉冲激光系统中的光学薄膜的制备和预处理,具有一定的指导意义。     

单层膜体吸收与界面吸收研究

采用热透镜测量方法进行了SiO₂和HfO₂单层膜的体吸收与界面吸收分离研究.首先推导了光从薄膜侧及基底侧入射时单层膜内的驻波场分布,给出了单一厚度薄膜分离体吸收和界面吸收的计算方程式以及求解薄膜消光系数的方法.利用电子束蒸发工艺制备了半波长光学厚度(λ=1064 nm)的SiO₂和HfO₂单层膜,通过热透镜的测量数据实际分离了两种薄膜的体吸收和界面总吸收.计算结果表明,对于吸收小至10^{-6关键词： 驻波场理论 光热技术 薄膜吸收 消光系数}     

多波长红外激光二极管峰值光谱热漂移研究

为了满足红外激光测试技术对多光谱集成光源在光谱范围和峰值精度等方面的要求,提出了一种高精度的多波长红外激光二极管,并设计了能够集成860 nm,905 nm和1064 nm(脉冲/单模)四种激光芯片的封装结构.建立了基于上述封装结构下中心热沉的温度场分布模型,并根据数学建模工具求解的中心热沉温度场数值分布规范了中心热沉的加工工艺.为了验证多波长激光二极管中心热沉对输出峰值光谱热漂移现象的抑制效果,制备了多波长激光二极管样机,并搭建了观察其峰值光谱热漂移现象的实验装置.实验结果显示,样机仅有两种芯片的峰值光谱发生了1—3 nm的微弱漂移,并未超出规定的峰值半宽.该现象证明了多波长激光二极管的输出光谱具备较高的精度和良好的稳定性.     

光学薄膜的温度场设计

提出了光学薄膜温度场的概念，研究分析了薄膜光学性质和热，物性质对其温度场的影响，给出了相变光盘薄膜和高功率激光反射膜的具体设计，还给出了相变膜的写入，擦除功率和激光反射膜的破坏阈值。     

Influence of thickness and crystalline structure on thermal and optical properties of ZnO thin films

Measurements of the temperature dependence of refractive index of ZnO thin films and thermal diffusivity using photothermal deflection technique are presented. Thin film thickness and surface homogeneity were found to be the effective parameters on optical and thermal properties of the thin films. High refractive index gradient with temperature was found for films of a nonuniform distribution and gathered in clusters, and a high predicted value for thermal diffusivity. Optical properties of the thin films revealed that films with disorder in the deposition and gathered clusters showed poor transmittance in visible region with a pronounced peak in the near IR, and also a reduction in the band gap. A detailed parametric analysis using analytical solution of one-dimensional heat equation had been performed. A discontinuity in the temperature elevation at the ZnO-glass interface was found.     

Vibration of scanning near-field optical microscope probe with laser-induced thermal effect using Timoshenko beam theory

The Timoshenko beam theory, including the effects of rotary inertia and shear deformation, is used to analyze the resonant frequency of lateral vibration of scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) tapered probe with a laser-induced thermal effect. In the analysis, the thermal effect can be considered as an axial force and is dependent of temperature distribution of the probe. The Rayleigh–Ritz method is used to solve the vibration problem of the probe. According to the analysis, the frequencies of the first three vibration modes increase when the thermal effect is taken into account. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia on the frequency ratio of a Timoshenko beam to an Euler beam increase when the mode number increases and the contact stiffness decreases. In addition, the frequency of mode 1 increases with increasing taper angle and coating thickness of the probe. Comparison of the frequency of a SNOM probe coated with Al, Ag, or Au, the highest is with Al coating, and the lowest is with Au coating.     

Non-equilibrium energy transport in nano-layer gold coating onto silica

The non-equilibrium energy transport in a metallic material with two layered structure having different material properties results in thermal separation of electrons and lattice sub-systems during a laser short-pulse irradiation. In this case, electron and lattice site temperature distributions become material properties and thickness of each layer dependent. In the present study, energy transport in a nanometer scale gold coating onto silica due to laser short-pulse irradiation is examined. The Seebeck coefficient in the gold coating is predicted and compared to the results obtained from the previous formulation. It is found that the maximum value of electron temperature in the gold coating increases with increasing coating thickness and lattice site temperature results in a peak in the silica in the region close to the coating silica interface. The Seebeck coefficient predicted agrees well with the results of the previous formulation.     

Transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders

A method is developed to analyze the transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders surrounded by isothermal black walls. The radiative heat source term is calculated by the radiative transfer coefficients and the transient energy equation is solved by an implicit finite difference method. The radiative transfer coefficients are deduced by use of the ray tracing method in combination with the Hottel and Sarofim zonal method. The effects of the related parameters on the transient radiative heat source and temperature distribution are analyzed. It is found that the peak of the dimensionless radial radiative heat source can be located at the interior shell of the cylinder with small optical thickness when heated by the surrounding irradiation. Treating the volume radiation as a surface radiation will result in large errors of transient temperature distribution for the cylinder with small optical thickness.     

Optimization and design of pigments for heat-insulating coatings

This paper reports that heat insulating property of infrared reflective coatings is obtained through the use of pigments which diffuse near-infrared thermal radiation.Suitable structure and size distribution of pigments would attain maximum diffuse infrared radiation and reduce the pigment volume concentration required.The optimum structure and size range of pigments for reflective infrared coatings are studied by using Kubelka-Munk theory,Mie model and independent scattering approximation.Taking titania particle as the pigment embedded in an inorganic coating,the computational results show that core-shell particles present excellent scattering ability,more so than solid and hollow spherical particles.The optimum radius range of core-shell particles is around 0.3 ～ 1.6 μm.Furthermore,the influence of shell thickness on optical parameters of the coating is also obvious and the optimal thickness of shell is 100-300 nm.     

管内高温介质层流入口段中的热辐射作用

数值研究了高温介质密度随温度变化时,管内层流入口段耦合换热中的热辐射作用。采用离散坐标法、控制容积法耦合求解辐射传递方程、能量方程及N-S方程。考察了中等大小光学厚度下,热辐射作用对介质内速度分布、温度分布以及换热的影响。结果表明,即使在不大的光学厚度下,热辐射作用对管内高温介质层流入口段耦合换热的速度场与换热强度都有明显影响。     

激光辐照热障涂层中平面应变问题的热弹性变分分析

 针对激光辐照热障涂层材料的平面应变问题，提出热障涂层热弹性分析的基本方程，对定常温度场给出级数形式解析解，并用最小余能原理和变分法分析了结构的热弹性应力场，研究了最大应力和界面应力的分布特征，并就一些物理参数的影响进行了讨论。结果表明，热障涂层的主要破坏因素为表面拉伸应力，界面应力相对较小，但在自由边界有集中现象，剥落应力大于剪切应力，是导致涂层破坏的重要原因。涂层厚度增加会改变厚度方向上的应力分布，界面应力向中心集中。     

复合结构掠入射板条放大器热效应的模拟分析

为了研究复合结构掠入射板条放大器的热效应,采用在Nd:YVO4晶体抽运面上键合具有高热导率性能的蓝宝石的复合结构,并建立了相应的热力学模型,对激光介质的温度场分布、光程差（OPD）和热透镜效应进行了详细的理论分析,利用有限元分析软件COMSOL模拟了晶体内部的温度、应变、光程差（OPD）及热焦距的分布情况。结果表明,板条厚度为2 mm、键合层厚度1 mm、抽运功率60 W时,复合结构相对于单一结构最高温度下降了约50 K,晶体中的最大形变量降低超过了1/3,极大地降低了介质中的热效应。     

Influence of transparent coating thickness on thermoelastic force source and laser-generated ultrasound waves

A numerical model is established to investigate the influence of transparent coating thickness on the laser-generated thermoelastic force source and ultrasound waves in the coating-substrate system by using the finite element method (FEM). Taking into account the effects of thermal diffusion, the finite width and duration of the laser source, as well as the temperature dependence of material properties, the transient temperature distributions are obtained firstly. Applying this temperature field to structure analyses as thermal loading, the thermoelastic stress field and laser-generated ultrasound wave in the specimen are obtained. The generation and propagation of the laser thermoelastically induced stress field and ultrasonic waves in coating-substrate system are presented in detail. The influence of transparent coating thickness on the transient temperature distribution, thermoelastic force source and the laser-generated ultrasound waveforms is investigated. The numerical results indicate that the thermoelastic force source and laser-generated ultrasound waveform are strongly affected by the coating thickness due to the constraint of coating. This method can provide insight into the generation and propagation of the laser-generated stress field in coating-substrate system consisting of a transparent coating and an opaque metallic substrate. It provides theoretical basics to optimize ultrasonic signal generation in particular applications and invert the physical and geometrical parameter of the coating-substrate system more accurately in the experiment.