Beam transport design for a 1 MeV prototype dielectric wall accelerator

The beam transport design of a novel proton dielectric wall accelerator is introduced in this paper. The protons will be accelerated from 40 keV to nearly 1 MeV under an accelerating gradient that is as high as 20 MV/m. A consideration of the beam line as well as the transport simulation is presented. The influences of the injection timing jitter and the accelerating pulse timing jitter are also discussed.     

光阴极微波电子枪中时间抖动对粒子动力学的影响

对光阴极微波电子枪粒子束性能起决定性影响的因素之一就是激光脉冲相对加速微波相位的时间抖动. 对这种时间抖动的测量和反馈控制进行了理论和实验分析, 并对时间抖动对束流品质的影响进行了模拟研究, 得到了利用锁相环回路降低激光脉冲相位噪声的实验经验, 为光阴极微波电子枪中激光与微波相位同步问题提出了解决方法.     

BEPCII次谐波聚束系统物理公差要求的研究

 为了进一步提高束流品质并逐步采用双束加速技术, BEPCII直线加速器准备采用带有两个次谐波聚束器的双次谐波聚束系统。目前, 该次谐波聚束系统的物理设计和优化已经基本完成。由于新设计的双次谐波聚束系统很不同于BEPCII现有的聚束系统, 因此, 就要求对聚束系统中存在的各种抖动(jitter)效应重新进行研究。 使用多粒子模拟计算程序PARMELA对电子枪的高压抖动和定时抖动、次谐波聚束器的相位抖动以及功率抖动、聚束器中加速电场相位以及A0加速管(俘获加速节)中加速电场相位的抖动等效应进行了研究, 并最终确定了聚束系统中各部件的物理公差要求。     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器的误差和抖动效应

为达到BEPCⅡ 直线加速器的设计指标，系统地研究了误差和抖动(Jitter)效应对束流性能的影响。误差效应包括束流的初始偏轴和聚焦透镜偏轴导致的色差效应；束流的初始偏轴和加速结构偏轴导致的尾场效应等。主要的抖动效应包括相位漂移抖动和高频功率源中调制器电压的抖动影响等。确定了在BEPCⅡ直线加速器上对误差和抖动的限制，如来自电子枪的束流的初始偏轴应小于等于0.3 mm，加速结构和聚焦磁铁的安装误差应小于等于0.2 mm，相位漂移抖动误差应小于等于2°，调制器的电压抖动误差应小于等于0.1%。并进一步确认了必须采用相位控制系统和束流轨道校正系统，以抑制这些误差效应的影响，达到正、负电子束流能散度小于等于0.5% 和电子束束流发射度小于等于0.25 mm·mrad，正电子束束流发射度小于等于1.60 mm·mrad 的设计目标。     

一种测量电子束微脉冲时间抖动的新方法

 提出了一种高灵敏度电子束微脉冲时间抖动的测量方法。该方法采用传统的测量束团位置及电荷量的四条带束流位置探头，用混合环对感应信号进行处理，对共振频率为2.856GHz的谐波分量用MIXER与2.856GHz的参考信号进行相位比较，并由此得到电子束团微脉冲时间抖动值。     

静电加速管中强流空间电荷效应的研究

 对一种工业用大功率电子加速器(450kW)的加速管中的空间电荷效应作了5点假设，建立了物理模型。对模型的束内外径向电位分布、空间电荷对轴上电位的影响，以及空间电荷力对束流传输的影响等进行了理论分析，得到了束内径向电位分布。结果表明：束流内部径向电位沿径向均呈抛物线变化，并在轴上达到最小值；而空间电荷产生的束内电场与半径呈线性变化；空间电荷不仅会引起轴上电位的跌落，而且对束流有发散作用，特别是在电子速度较低时更为明显。在考虑了空间电荷效应后，强流静电加速管的电场设计关键在加速管的前端，与弱流加速管相比，强流加速管的电场变化要大得多。     

“神龙一号”直线感应加速器物理设计

 介绍了 “神龙一号”直线感应加速器物理设计的主要考虑。“神龙一号”加速器是一台电子直线感应加速器，由3.6MeV感应迭加型注入器、72个感应加速腔、脉冲功率系统、束流输运和聚焦系统、控制系统和真空、绝缘油、绝缘气体以及去离子水系统组成。能产生20MeV、束流大于2.5kA，脉冲宽度为60ns的强流脉冲电子束，X光焦斑均方根直径为1.5mm。     

Investigation of terahertz generation from passively Q-switched dual-frequency laser pulses

When two Nd:YLF crystals share a Cr:YAG crystal functioning as a single passive Q switch, the timing jitter between each pair of dual-frequency pulses generated by the two crystals has been reduced by a factor of 20. Such a reduction in the timing jitter allows us to generate terahertz pulses by focusing such a passively Q-switched laser beam onto a nonlinear crystal. Such a result represents the first step for us to eventually implement a compact terahertz source based on ultracompact microchip lasers.     

光阴极RF腔注入器中激光脉冲的时间抖动

 介绍光阴极RF腔注入器中的驱动激光器,采用二极管泵浦的自锁模激光器,通过锁相,使输出激光脉冲的时间抖动小于2ps,实现激光脉冲同微波相位之间的严格同步,在实验上获得流强70A、能量2MeV、亮度4.4×10¹¹A/(m².rad²)的电子束。     

CiADS束流负载效应前馈补偿的仿真评估

在高功率超导质子直线加速器中，束流负载效应是影响超导腔幅相稳定性的一个重要因素。本工作基于谐振腔建场模型，开发了超导腔系统束流负载效应的时域仿真程序，分析了束流负载效应对超导腔幅相稳定性的影响，并在C-ADS注入器II上通过相关实验测量对仿真结果进行了验证。利用该程序，评估了CiADS超导直线加速器脉冲束流的脉冲长度，以及前馈补偿的时序抖动和束流纹波等因素对腔中电磁场幅相稳定度的影响。仿真结果表明:在当前CiADS直线加速器设计参数下，为满足超导腔中电磁场0.1%与在高功率超导质子直线加速器中，束流负载效应是影响超导腔幅相稳定性的一个重要因素。本工作基于谐振腔建场模型，开发了超导腔系统束流负载效应的时域仿真程序，分析了束流负载效应对超导腔幅相稳定性的影响，并在C-ADS注入器II上通过相关实验测量对仿真结果进行了验证。利用该程序，评估了CiADS超导直线加速器脉冲束流的脉冲长度，以及前馈补偿的时序抖动和束流纹波等因素对腔中电磁场幅相稳定度的影响。仿真结果表明:在当前CiADS直线加速器设计参数下，为满足超导腔中电磁场0.1%与$0.1^{\circ}$的幅相稳定度指标，前馈时序抖动的偏差不能超过0.79 μs，束流流强的直流偏差不能超过0.9%，并且给出了束流纹波的最大抖动幅值与纹波频率之间的关系。这些结果将为CiADS超导直线加速器相关子系统技术指标的确定提供依据。     

Soliton-like pulse timing jitter in dispersion-managed systems

In this paper, the timing jitter in dispersion-managed soliton-like systems with the Gaussian pulse is studied by using two methods. Firstly, the derivation of the dynamic equations for the evolution of soliton-like parameters and the timing jitter expressions for the dispersion-managed soliton-like systems are carried out by the perturbed variational method. By analysing and simulating these timing jitter expressions, one can find that the timing jitter is induced by the amplified spontaneous emission noise and the frequency shift, etc. Nonlinear gain can suppress the timing jitter. The chirp sign and the filters action have also effects on the total timing jitter. Secondly, the timing jitter is calculated and analysed by using the moment method. The results of the two methods prove to be consistent with each other.     

基于阿秒抖动光纤锁模激光器的时钟同步

光纤锁模激光器结构简单, 运转稳定, 且输出的超短脉冲序列具有极高的时钟稳定性, 在抽运探测、脉冲相干合成等要求高精度时钟同步的前沿领域有着广阔的应用前景. 本文通过激光器腔内的电光调制器进行反馈控制, 实现了两台光纤锁模激光器之间的紧密时钟信号同步; 并且通过平衡光学互相关方法, 对残余的时钟误差信号进行了测量, 分辨率达到了13 as. 通过优化激光器的腔内动力学过程及反馈环路的参数, 在[1 Hz, 10 MHz]的积分区间内得到了109 as的残余时钟误差, 对应单台激光器的平均时间抖动为77 as.     

Sub-100-as timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked Er-fiber lasers

We demonstrate sub-100-as timing jitter optical pulse trains generated from free-running, 77.6 MHz repetition-rate, mode-locked Er-fiber lasers. At -0.002(±0.001) ps2 net cavity dispersion, the rms timing jitter is 70 as (224 as) integrated from 10 kHz (1 kHz) to 38.8 MHz offset frequency, when measured by a 24 as resolution balanced optical cross correlator. To our knowledge, this result corresponds to the lowest rms timing jitter measured from any mode-locked fiber lasers so far. The measured result also agrees fairly well with the Namiki-Haus analytic model of quantum-limited timing jitter in stretched-pulse fiber lasers.     

Timing Jitter and Frequency Shift in Dispersion-Managed Soliton Systems with Raman Scattering Effect

We have studied the timing jitter in dispersion-managed soliton systems with a Gaussian pulse by two methods. Firstly, the timing jitter expressions for dispersion-managed soliton are derived by use of the perturbed variational method. By analyzing and simulating the timing jitter expressions, one can find that the timing jitter is induced by the amplifier spontaneous emission noise, the frequency shift, etc. The chirp sign, the soliton self-frequency shift, and the filters action also have effects on the timing jitter. Secondly, the timing jitter is calculated and analyzed by the moment method. The results of the two methods are proved to be consistent.     

Timing jitter induced by intrachannel interactions in optical fiber communication systems using CFG as dispersion compensator

In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed for the analysis of timing jitter induced by intrachannel interactions in optical fiber communication systems using chirped fiber grating (CFG) as dispersion compensator. And for the first time, the impact of group-delay ripple (GDR) on timing jitter is taken into account in detail, theoretically and numerically. Results show that the GDR may increase or decrease the timing jitter of certain pair of adjacent pulses, deciding by the ripple parameters. The maximum influence will be obtained when ripple period is about 2/5 of the input pulse width. In practical systems, the GDR enhance the timing jitter for some adjacent pulses while reduce it for some other adjacent pulses, depending on the pulse pattern and the GDR parameters. In our simulation, the GDR guarantees a 3.04 ps increase of the standard deviation of the timing jitter.     

上海软X射线自由电子激光装置束流分配系统设计

束流分配系统是自由电子激光装置中至关重要的一部分,它可以将直线加速器产生的电子束团分配至不同的波荡器中。提出了一种基于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置的束流分配系统设计方案。针对该方案,详细介绍了三维从头至尾的束团跟踪模拟以及在传输过程中的束流动力学分析,模拟结果表明,该束流分配系统设计可以保证束流发射度增长小于8%,同时可以保证峰值电流、能散以及束团长度在经过该分配系统时未受到破坏。此外,针对束团在直线加速器中的微束团不稳定性和抖动也进行了分析。     

超导纳米线单光子探测系统的时间抖动

超导纳米线单光子探测(SNSPD)器件具有较低的时间抖动特性,可以实现低误码率的QKD和高精度的激光测距。文中对超导纳米线单光子探测系统的时间抖动进行了详细的分析和测量,分析了SNSPD系统各部分对系统抖动的贡献。使用时间相关的单光子计数技术(TCSPC)和示波器的抖动分析软件,分别测量了SNSPD系统的时间抖动,比较了两种方法的优劣。在两种测量方法下,系统总的时间抖动分别约为42ps和31ps,计算后得到单光子探测器件的抖动约为25ps。发现放大器的性能对系统时间抖动影响明显。通过使用不同放大器比较分析了测量得到的时间抖动。     

Mode locking of an erbium-doped fiber laser with intra-cavity polarization modulation

Erbium-doped fiber lasers are normally actively mode-locked through amplitude modulation or phase modulation. In this paper, we demonstrate that the laser can also be mode-locked by employing polarization modulation with a polarization-dependent cavity loss. We obtain a nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse train at 10 GHz repetition rate with timing jitter as low as 164 fs. The timing jitter is only limited by the timing jitter of the driving signal.     

Non-Gaussian statistics of soliton timing jitter induced by amplifier noise

Based on first-order perturbation theory of the soliton, the Gordon-Haus timing jitter induced by amplifier noise is found to be non-Gaussian distributed. Both frequency and timing jitter have larger tail probabilities than Gaussian distribution given by the linearized perturbation theory. The timing jitter has a larger discrepancy from Gaussian distribution than does the frequency jitter.     

Attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers

Timing jitter characterization of optical pulse trains from free-running mode-locked lasers with attosecond resolution is demonstrated using balanced optical cross correlation in the timing detector and the timing delay configurations. In the timing detector configuration, the balanced cross correlation between two mode-locked lasers synchronized by a low-bandwidth phase-locked loop is used to measure the timing jitter spectral density outside the locking bandwidth. In addition, the timing delay configuration using a 325 m long timing-stabilized fiber link enables the characterization of timing jitter faster than the delay time. The limitation set by shot noise in this configuration is 2.2 x 10(-8) fs(2)/Hz corresponding to 470 as in 10 MHz bandwidth.