钇基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定微量锗

本文利用硝酸钇做基体改进剂，石墨炉子原子吸收法测定植物样品及土壤样品中的微量锗，本方法采用涂钼热解石墨管，有效地避免了测定过程中锗的损失，方法的检出限为５．９×１０＾－１２ｇ，对于３０μｇ／Ｌ，锗的相对标准偏差为４．０％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定饮料和中成药中锗

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收（ＧＦＡＡＳ）直接测定某些饮料和中成药中的锗。选用钯和酒石酸为改进剂与纯钯比较，灰化温度提高至１６００℃未见锗的损失，灵敏度提高了３７％。具有较强的抗干扰的能力。本法特征质量ｍｏ值为３２ｐｇ，实际样品测定检出限为０．２４μｇ／Ｌ（３σ计），相对标准偏差为２．６％，回收率８９％－１１０％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱测定微量锗的研究

本文研究了空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饮料及灵芝酒中微量金属元素锗。该法线性范围宽（５０－３００μｇ／ｍｌ），选择性强，并有良好的精密度和准确度。样品加标回收率为９７．９－１０３．４％，变异系数１．４％。本方法适用于保健滋补饮品中锗的分析。     

泡沫塑料吸附—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质物料中痕量铊

本文研制定了一种泡沫塑料吸附－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质物料中痕量铊的分析，在所先定的实验条件下，方法检出限为０．０５μｇ／ｇ、样准曲线范围为１０－３００ｎｇ／ｍＬ，Ｔｌ含量水平为０．７１μｇ／ｇ时的测定精度为６．０％，方法回收率９９．０％－１００．０％。经标样及大量样品分析验证，分析方法准确可靠。     

草酸铵作稳定剂石墨原子吸收法直接测量土壤悬浮液中微量镉

本研究了石墨炉原子吸收法直接测量土壤浮液中微量镉。比较子不同基体改进剂及背景吸收对测量的影响。并以草酸铵为稳定剂对悬液的稳定性进行了研究，结果表明在碱性条件下，使用０．００７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１的草酸铵作稳定剂时，土壤悬浮液比较稳定。应用固体悬浮液进样方法，直接测定了土壤样品中的微量镉。     

流动注射在线萃取－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定明胶中的微量Fe和Cu

本文采用氧化水解制样及流动注射在线萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法，测定明胶中微量Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ，解决了水解法制样测定结果偏低和不能直接测定低含量样品的问题。本方法测定Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的灵敏度分别提高了１４．５倍和１７．６倍，分析速度达３６次／ｈ，Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的回收率分别在９０．８－１１０．５％和８７．５～１０７．０％之间，测定精密度分别为４．５３％和４．２６％。     

萘相萃取双波长分光光度法测定微量铜的研究

本文用蔡作萃取剂，以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ为显色剂，采用双波长分光光度法测定微量铜的研究。研究表明，选择５４０－３８３ｎｍ，为测定波长时，络合物最大吸收峰为５４０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．２６×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铜量在０－５．０μｇ／７ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律，方法应用于食品，水样品铜的测定，结果满意。     

固体进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定研究（Ⅱ）：镉的测定

采用自制的石墨炉微量固体进样装置，结合Ｌ＇ｖｏｖ平台、基体改进以及预热时通入空气等技术，直接测定了部分植物、粮食、土壤与沉积物中的痕量镉。初步解决了上述试样测定中的基体干扰、背景扣除疑难问题。标样测定取得了满意的结果。变异系数６．２～１１．０％；回收率９３～１０５％。     

草酸铵作稳定剂石墨炉原子吸收法直接测量土壤悬浮液中微量镉

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法直接测量土壤悬浮液中微量镉。比较了不同基体改进剂及背景吸收对测量的影响。并以草酸铵为稳定剂对悬浮液的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明在碱性条件下,使用０．００７ ｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 的草酸铵作稳定剂时, 土壤悬浮液比较稳定。应用固体悬浮液进样方法, 直接测定了土壤样品中的微量镉     

等离子体发射光谱法测定单晶硅中微量锗

本文阐述了用等离子体发射光谱法测定单晶硅中微量锗的方法。试验了三种样品制备方法，结果表明，样品溶解于硝酸加氢氟酸中，除云硅后直接测定锗的方法最好，其检出限是0.0237μg/mL，合成样品的回收率为99.9%－100.2%，相对标准偏差小于3.6%。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.