二氧化钛薄膜表面甲醇吸附的和频振动光谱

自行搭建了用于研究表面光催化的宽带红外和频振动光谱并可以原位紫外光激发的装置. 利用自制的结构紧凑小巧的高真空样品池,可以在10 kPa氧气氛围下经原位紫外光照除掉 射频磁控溅射制备的二氧化钛薄膜表面的有机污染物. 通过在室温下改变甲醇气压和指认吸附在薄膜表面的甲醇的和频振动光谱,发现薄膜表面有两种吸附的甲醇,分子形式吸附的甲醇(CH₃OH)和解离吸附的甲醇(CH₃O). 当甲醇的覆盖度由低变高时,分子形式吸附的甲醇的CH₃的对称伸缩振动和费米共振峰红移了6～8 cm^-1. 真空下,薄膜表面的甲氧基和表面的氢原子可以重新结合并以甲醇分子的形式脱附. 研究表明二氧化钛薄膜体系存在两个平衡：气相甲醇和表面吸附的甲醇分子之间,以及表面吸附的甲醇分子和甲氧基之间.     

基于薄膜编码超表面的宽频超薄声散射体

该文提出了一种基于薄膜编码超表面的宽频超薄声散射体。利用附加质量块的薄膜和空气腔组成的薄膜结构构建了反射声波相位差接近180°的两种共振单元。将两种共振单元按照一定的顺序进行排列,可以组成深亚波长尺寸下的声学超表面。所构建的声学超表面可以产生宽频有效的散射声场。通过有限元仿真软件对多个频率的近场散射声场分布、远场声指向性和扩散系数进行了仿真计算,仿真结果显示,该散射体可以高效地散射入射声波,并且散射效果在一定的频率范围内是宽频有效的。     

激光监听演示实验仪器的制作

本文介绍了激光监听演示实验仪器的制作.设计出功率放大和带通滤波相结合的电路,用此电路接收光电探测器所采集的激光检测声波振动的信号,经还原后进而实现远程监听.论文中涉及实验仪器制作过程中所遇到的问题和相应解决方法,可供学生在演示实验中使用.     

昆特管实验原理分析

根据声学原理对昆特管演示实验进行分析,给出了对实验现象细节的一种物理解释,即在昆特管中除主驻波模式之外还激励起了最低一级高次驻波模式振动,昆特管内的声波场实际上是主驻波模式和最低一级高次驻波模式叠加形成的声波场.     

基于NbN,AlN技术的体声波器件研究

体声波滤波器由于其低插损、小尺寸、高带外抑制等特性,随着第三代移动通信以及蓝牙技术的发展而得到广泛研究,而MEMS技术和压电薄膜制备技术的进一步发展使高性能的体声波滤波器制作成为可能. 我们以单晶MgO作为器件衬底,MgO/NbN多层结构作为AlN薄膜体声波器件的反射器,NbN/AlN/NbN三层结构为谐振器.在这样的多层结构的设计中由于各种材料之间的晶格失配小,可以获得从几十纳米到几百纳米厚度不等的单晶AlN薄膜.通过控制AlN薄膜和NbN薄膜的不同厚度,可以获得不同频段范围的谐振器. 压电薄膜的质量,以及体声波在多层结构界面上的能量损耗,直接影响到谐振器电学性能.基于AlN材料的压电性能,设计了NbN/AlN/NbN三层结构的谐振器,并进行了数值模拟.     

声波干涉实验的设计与演示

在现行的中学物理教材和师范物理教科书中都没有声波干涉的演示实验，只是列举实际生活中的一些现象，来说明产生这些现象的原因是由于声波的干涉引起的，缺乏直观性。例如，某教材中讲到声波的干涉时，是这样举例分析的：“操场上安装两个相同的扬声器，当它们发出相同频率的声波互相叠加时，会产生振动加强和振动减弱的区域，因此，在操场上某些地方听到的声音大，在另外一些地方听到的声音小，这是声波的干涉现象。”     

暗声学超材料研究

由于普通材料的固有耗散在低频区域的微弱性,长久以来,低频声波的衰减一直都是一个颇具挑战性的任务.为了能够在100—1000Hz范围内完全吸收某些频率的低频声波,文章作者设计了一种薄膜型的暗声学超材料样品:它是由在弹性薄膜上镶嵌有一些非对称性的硬质金属片而制成.实验表明,该样品在低频区域几乎能够百分之百地吸收声波,而在共振吸收频率处,空气中的声波波长要比薄膜的厚度大3个数量级以上.当共振发生时,硬质金属片的"拍动"导致很大的弹性曲率能量聚集在金属片的边界附近.由于薄膜的拍动模式与声波的辐射模式仅存在微弱的耦合作用,而弹性薄膜的整体能量密度又比入射声波的能量密度大2—3个数量级,该样品本质上是一个开放的共振腔,这也是它能够高效地吸收低频声波的原因所在.     

李萨如图形的简单演示

使用透明薄膜演示李萨如图线,具有设备简单,显示直观的优点.只需预先制作几个画有不同个数完整周期的正弦曲线的圆筒,在课堂上就可边讲边演示.学生如果有兴趣,自己也可制作进行试验观察,对理解两个互相垂直的振动的合成是有益的.     

Y旋转切割石英基片上的准纵漏表面声波

在理论和实验上对Y旋转切割石英基片上的准纵漏表面声波(快速声表面波)的传播特性作了比较全面的研究。准纵漏表面声波的相速度可以达到6200m/s～7100m/s,是常规声表面波相速度的两倍,接近纵波速度。理论计算和实验结果均表明:在Y旋转切割石英基片的某些传播方向上,准纵漏表面声波的束偏向角和延迟温度系数均较小。例如,沿欧拉角(0°,155.25°,42°)方向的准纵漏表面声波的相速度和延迟温度系数的实验测量值分别为6201m/s和12.9 ppm/℃。实验还表明,放置于基片表面的液体对准纵漏表面声波的吸收不大,说明此种声波质点振动集中在传播方向(沿表面方向),具有纵波的性质。     

悬挂共振音叉改进共鸣实验

为了使共振音叉达到较好的效果,自制了一对共振音叉的悬挂装置及其附件,用该装置可以将2个共振音叉悬挂起来,其演示效果较好.同时,本文探讨了共振音叉不同的悬挂方式,并介绍了如何演示共鸣实验和利用该装置演示声波的干涉实验.     

简谈空气中的声速与温度关系

讨论了驻波法测空气中声速的实验,分别用相位比较法和李萨如图法来确定超声波波长.在不同温度条件下测量了声速并与理论值进行比较,实验结果显示测量温度接近室温时实验值与理论值基本一致,测量温度与室温相差较大时实验值与理论值偏差较大.     

机械扫描振子的研制及演示

由于机械扫描振子在振动区间存有一共振峰,故提出了采用选频放大器驱动电路消除振子在振动区间的非线性的设计,并应用于演示弦线驻波、共振和李萨如图等实验中.     

基于Vpython的简谐振动合成可视化研究

二维三维简谐振动的合成是个复杂且抽象的物理问题,使用Python的3D模块Vpython对简谐振动合成进行了可视化模拟,形象直观地展示了简谐振动合成所形成的李萨如图形,并简单讨论了李萨如图形与频率相位的关系.     

示波器荧光屏不同情况波形显示原理图析

本文根据示波器显示波形原理,剖析了波形左右移动原因,图解了李萨茹图合成道理,分析了双踪显示李萨茹图形产生π/4附加线段缘由,解决了教学中普遍感到疑难、疑惑问题,以供同行与读者借鉴。     

与方波合成有关的李萨如图形的实验与理论研究

通过方波与方波、正弦波与方波合成的图形来研究李萨如图形,利用傅里叶级数理论把方波展开为正弦和余弦形式的傅里叶级数,然后利用Matlab软件来合成2列相互垂直的方波与正弦波以及2列方波的李萨如图形,并与实验上观察到的现象进行比较,并分析了两者之间的差异.     

Influence of support properties on the sound radiated from the vibrations of rectangular plates

The control of the forced vibration response of structures through the optimal tuning of its supports is desirable in many applications. Tuning may enhance the dissipation of vibration energy within the supports, thereby reducing fatigue and structure-borne noise. Two different models were developed to calculate the optimal support stiffness that minimizes the velocity response of homogeneous plates. The first model, based on the wave propagation at the edge, yields a good first cut approximation of the optimal properties. The optimal viscous and viscoelastic support stiffness for minimal reflection at the edge was calculated. Maximum absorption of the incident waves occurs when the viscous support stiffness matches the characteristic mechanical impedances of the plate. The second model, based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, yields more accurate estimates of the optimal support stiffness required to minimize the forced velocity response of the finite rectangular plate. The optimal support properties calculated from the two different methods were in good agreement. This suggested that the modal response of the plate is strongly influenced by the wave reflections at the edges. Finally, the effects of support properties on the sound radiated from the plate were investigated. The optimal support stiffness that minimizes the radiated sound power was found to be smaller than the value that minimizes the velocity response. The results show that both the velocity response and sound radiation are strongly influenced by dissipation of vibration energy at the edges, and demonstrate that support tuning can yield significant noise and vibration reduction.     

A novel interferometric vibration measurement sensor with quadrature detection based on 1/8 wave plate

In-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) signals often need to be formed in the laser interferometric vibration measurement technique. To avoid the disadvantages of traditional I/Q signals forming methods such as effect of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) for generating high frequency carrier, or optical configuration with complicated structure, a novel interferometric vibration measurement sensor with quadrature detection is proposed. The sensor utilizes simple optical configuration which contains 1/8 wave plate to generate two I/Q signals, then the signals were processed by arctangent algorithm which is compiled by Labview software through data acquisition card. Theoretical analysis and experimental Lissajous figures synthesis prove the phase orthogonality of the two signals. The experimental results indicate that the system can measure the vibration displacement accurately.     

Mathematical model of the dynamics of micropolar elastic thin beams. Free and forced vibrations

A method of hypotheses has been developed to construct a mathematical model of micropolar elastic thin beams. The method is based on the asymptotic properties of the solution ofan initial boundary value problem in a thin rectangle within the micropolar theory of elasticity with independent displacement and rotation fields. An applied model of the dynamics of micropolar elastic thin beams was constructed in which transverse shear strains and related strains are taken into account. The constructed dynamics model was used to solve problems of free and forced vibrations of a micropolar beam. Free vibration frequencies and modes, forced vibration amplitudes, and resonance conditions were determined. The obtained numerical calculation results show the specific features of free vibrations of thin beams. Micropolar thin beams have a free vibration frequency which is almost independent of the thin beam size, but depends only on the physical and inertial properties of the micropolar material. It is shown for the micropolar material that the free vibration frequency values of beams can be readily adjusted and hence a large vibration frequency separation can be achieved, which is important for studying resonance.     

正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型研究

为了研究正交加筋板的声透射问题,基于经典薄板和梁振动理论,建立了正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型。首先通过分析加强筋的受迫弯曲和扭转运动,求得了平板和加强筋线接触之间的反力和反力矩,然后将其引入到平板振动控制方程中,得到了正交加筋板声振方程,最后采用空间谐波展开法求解该方程得到了传声损失的表达式;在此基础上,首先研究了无限大平板和单向加筋的隔声性能,通过与解析解及两种简化模型的计算结果作对比,验证了所建理论模型的有效性;并进一步研究了加筋形式对正交加筋板隔声性能的影响。结果表明:选择合适的加筋形式可以有效避开结构的隔声波谷。      

Wave interpretation of numerical results for the vibration in thin conical shells

The dynamic behaviour of thin conical shells can be analysed using a number of numerical methods. Although the overall vibration response of shells has been thoroughly studied using such methods, their physical insight is limited. The purpose of this paper is to interpret some of these numerical results in terms of waves, using the wave finite element, WFE, method. The forced response of a thin conical shell at different frequencies is first calculated using the dynamic stiffness matrix method. Then, a wave finite element analysis is used to calculate the wave properties of the shell, in terms of wave type and wavenumber, as a function of position along it. By decomposing the overall results from the dynamic stiffness matrix analysis, the responses of the shell can then be interpreted in terms of wave propagation. A simplified theoretical analysis of the waves in the thin conical shell is also presented in terms of the spatially-varying ring frequency, which provides a straightforward interpretation of the wave approach. The WFE method provides a way to study the types of wave that travel in thin conical shell structures and to decompose the response of the numerical models into the components due to each of these waves. In this way the insight provided by the wave approach allows us to analyse the significance of different waves in the overall response and study how they interact, in particular illustrating the conversion of one wave type into another along the length of the conical shell.