纤维状TiO2/Bi2O3光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti和Bi(NO₃)·5H₂O为原料,以棉花纤维为生物模板,合成了系列纤维状TiO₂/Bi₂O₃光催化剂．采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等测试技术对样品的相结构、形貌和吸光性能等进行了表征分析．结果表明,样品中的Bi₂O₃为单斜相和四方相共存的混晶,纤维长度达到毫米级,     

锂离子正极材料正交相γ-LiV2O5的制备及性能

分别采用LiOH·H₂O, NH₄VO₃, HNO₃, C₂H₅OH作为原料在没有PVP和有PVP存在下合成了棒状和棒束状两种相貌的γ-LiV₂O₅. 棒状γ-LiV₂O₅材料中棒的直径为500～800 nm,而棒束状的γ-LiV₂O₅材料则是直径为100～600 nm的棒组成的,形貌比较均匀. 同时研究了此体系中γ-LiV₂O₅的合成机制. 将合成的材料进行电化学测试,棒束状的γ-LiV₂O₅ 的电化学性能更好,在电流密度为30 mA/g时的初始放电比容量为269.3 mAh/g,循环20次之后容量仍保持在228 mAh/g.     

第一性原理模拟U在Gd2Zr2O7烧绿石中的固溶

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论模拟U在Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石中的固溶,在低浓度U掺杂时,Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石保持烧绿石结构;随着U掺杂浓度增加,Gd₂(Zr_{2-y}U_y)O₇和(Gd_{2-y}U_y)Zr₂O₇体系的晶格常数发生线性变化．计算结果表明,由于总能较低,U原子更偏向于替代无序换位后Gd₂Zr₂O₇晶格中B位的Gd原子．     

双金属镍-锰/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的影响 (cited: 1)

用浸渍法制备γ-Al₂O₃负载的Ni-Mn双金属催化剂．在500～700 oC按照17:17:2的CO₂/CH₄/N₂比例,以36 mL/min的载气流速进行甲烷二氧化碳重整反应, 利用甲烷二氧化碳的转化率、生成的合成气H₂/CO比例以及长期稳定性等指标评价了催化剂的催化性能． 实验表明, 添加Mn提高催化性能并使双金属催化剂的稳定性更高, 比单金属催化剂更好地抑制焦炭生成,Mn最合适的添加量0.5wt％ ．通过BET、CO2-TPD、TGA、XRD、SEM、EDX和FTIR各种技术对催化剂进行了表征．     

具有介孔结构的MnSiO3@Fe3O4@C纳米粒子的制备以及作为pH响应的T1-T2*双模MRI造影剂的研究应用

本文通过一个简单的、温和的方案制备了平均尺寸为120 nm,介孔结构的纳米粒子MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C. 粒子的细胞毒性微小,可以用作T₁-T₂^*双模MRI造影剂. 酸性条件下MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C释放出大量的Mn²⁺缩短T₁弛豫时间,提高成像分辨率. 超顺磁性的Fe₃O₄可以增强T₂对比成像,检测病变组织. 类似于肿瘤微环境/细胞器的酸性PBS(pH=5.0)中Mn²⁺的释放率达到31.66%,约为中性条件(pH=7.4)下的7倍. 释放的Mn²⁺通过内吞作用被细胞摄取,经肾脏排出,细胞毒性实验表明,MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C具有低的细胞毒性,即使高浓度的200 ppm MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C对HeLa细胞的毒性也相对较小. 对荷瘤小鼠静脉注射定量MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C后,可以观察到一个快速增强的对比成像,给药24 h后,T₁MRI信号显著增强,达到132%,而T₂信号则明显降低至53.8%,活体MR成像证明了MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C可以同时作为阳性和阴性造影剂. 此外,得益于介孔MnSiO₃优秀的酸敏感性,MnSiO₃@Fe₃O₄@C可以作为一种潜在的药物载体,实现肿瘤的诊疗一体化.     

焙烧温度对SiO2负载的Co3O4纳米粒子表面氧缺陷浓度和CO氧化催化性能的影响

以传统的浸渍法,在不同焙烧温度下制备了用于CO氧化反应的Co₃O₄/SiO₂催化剂．通过激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)表征了该系列催化剂的结构．在所有的催化剂中,XRD和Raman光谱都只检测到了Co₃O₄晶相的存在．与Co₃O₄体相相比,XPS结果表明在200 oC焙烧的(Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂)催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在着过量的Co²⁺．与XPS的结果一致,TPR结果表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在氧缺陷, 并且XAFS结果也表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄具有更多的Co²⁺．提高焙烧温度使得过量的Co²⁺进一步氧化为Co³⁺,同时降低了表面氧缺陷浓度,从而得到计量比的Co₃O₄4/SiO₂催化剂．在所有的负载催化剂中Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂表现出了最好的CO氧化催化性能,表明过量Co²⁺和表面氧缺陷的存在能够促进Co₃O₄催化CO氧化反应的活性.     

Al2O3Hx(x=1—3)分子团簇的结构与光谱研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3lyp方法在6-311++g(d,p)水平上对Al₂O₃H_x(x=1—3)分子的几何构型, 电子结构, 振动频率等性质进行了系统研究. 并给出了它们可能基态结构的总能量(E_T), 零点能(E_z), 摩尔热容(C_v), 标准熵(S), 原子化能(ΔE_m), 垂直电离能(IP)及垂直电子亲和能(E_A). Al₂O₃H和Al₂O₃H₂分子可能的基态的几何构型都为平面结构. Al₂O₃H₃的两个可能为基态的几何构型都是在立体Al₂O₃(D_3h)的几何结构基础上加三个氢原子构成. 这三个分子的能量最低结构为Al₂O₃H(²A′)C_s, Al₂O₃H₂(¹A′) C_s, Al₂O₃H₃ (²A) C₁.     

压力对纳米CoFe2O4/SiO2复合材料结构的影响

 采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和高温高压实验技术,制备了纳米CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计,对样品的结构、微观形貌和磁性进行了研究,并对CoFe₂O₄中阳离子的占位情况进行了讨论。结果表明,随着处理压力的升高,样品的晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数减小,比饱和磁化强度增大。通过计算结果可以推断,压力的升高导致CoFe₂O₄中的部分Fe³⁺从A位移向了B位,而部分Co²⁺则从B位移向了A位。     

镧掺杂介孔TiO2光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化性能

以钛酸四正丁酯和硝酸镧为原料, 以P123为模板剂,采用模板法合成了La掺杂型介孔TiO₂光催化剂, 借助TGA-DSC、BET、XRD及UV-Vis等测试手段对样品进行了表征,并以苯酚为模型污染物考察了镧掺杂量对样品光催化活性的影响．结果表明: La掺杂介孔TiO₂光催化剂孔径分布较均匀(～10 nm),比表面积可达165 m²/g．与纯介孔TiO₂相比,经掺杂改性后的样品在紫外光区及可见光区的吸收显著增强,对光具有更高的利用率,La掺杂可显著提高介孔TiO₂的光催化活性.     

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18的压致结构相变

 使用4∶1的甲醇-乙醇混合液作传压介质，利用金刚石对顶砧装置（DAC），研究了层状铁电体Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的在位高压拉曼光谱和压致结构相变（0～27 GPa）。发现在8.31 GPa，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈经历了一次结构相交。在23.13 GPa以上，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈似乎出现了压致非晶相交的先兆。并使用内模方法对Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的内模进行了指认。     

Mechanism of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 removal during chemical mechanical planarization in acidic H2O2 slurry

In this paper, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (a-GST) in acidic H2O2 slurry is investigated. It was found that the removal rate of a-GST is strongly dependent on H2O2 concentration and gradually increases with the increase in H2O2 concentration, but the static etch rate first increases and then slowly decreases with the increase in H2O2 concentration. To understand the chemical reaction behavior of H2O2 on the a-GST surface, the potentiodynamic polarization curve, surface morphology and cross-section of a-GST immersed in acidic slurry are measured and the results reveal that a-GST exhibits a from active to passive behavior for from low to high concentration of H2O2 . Finally, a possible removal mechanism of a-GST in different concentrations of H2O2 in the acidic slurry is described.     

H2S-sensing properties of Pt-doped mesoporous indium oxide

Pt-doped mesoporous indium oxide (In₂O₃) has been successfully obtained by a simple and effective in situ nanocasting method. The resultant samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, N₂ physisorption, XPS and EDX. The gas sensing properties for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) of the Pt-doped mesoporous In₂O₃ specimens were also examined. The results exhibit those In₂O₃ specimens possess much higher response to H₂S even at low concentration of 2 ppm and a lower optimum working temperature of 150 °C. A possible mechanism was also provided to explain the improvement of the sensing properties.     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶中的反常尖锋效应

使用牛津震动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶的磁滞回线.在20到40K温度之间发现了反常的尖锋效应,随样品O含量的增加,发生尖锋效应的外场也相应提高.可以认为在尖峰效应处发生了由涡漩物质的有序固态到无序固态的相变,在有少量点缺陷存在的BSCCO单晶相图上,B_sp线终止于20K温度处,在20K以下温区没有发生准格子到涡漩玻璃的相变,涡漩固相始终以准格子形式存在;可以认为尖峰效 关键词： 2Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶')" href="#">Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶 磁滞回线 尖锋效应 相变     

Characterization of the metallic phase in nanocrystalline ZnAl2O4-supported Pt catalysts

In this study several complementary methods as XRD, HRTEM, O₂ and H₂ adsorption, as well as H₂-O₂ titration were used for characterization of the metallic phase in 0.5-3.0 wt.% Pt/ZnAl₂O₄ catalysts. Three nanocrystalline ZnAl₂O₄ spinels used as a supports were prepared by the solvothermal and co-precipitation method. It was found that irrespective of the preparation method they form very good support materials with a high capacity to achieve high platinum dispersion. O₂ and H₂ chemisorption data showed metal dispersion up to 90% and good correspondence with HRTEM results was observed. The H₂-O₂ titration method may be applied for determination of Pt dispersion only in the high-loaded Pt/ZnAl₂O₄ catalysts. The catalytic performances of Pt supported on the prepared spinels were evaluated in the propane total oxidation reaction.     

Template-free synthesis of ZnV2O4 hollow spheres and their application for organic dye removal

Hollow ZnV₂O₄ spheres with the shell aggregated by small nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through a facile one-pot template-free solvothermal method. The as-prepared product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N₂ adsorption-desorption analyses. The formation of ZnV₂O₄ hollow spheres was based on flowerlike intermediate products supported reduction-dissolution-aggregation process at the expense of consumption of all the flowerlike products. The obtained ZnV₂O₄ hollow spheres showed a good adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) organic dye, which might be attributed to their special structural feature with large surface area. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of MB on ZnV₂O₄ hollow spheres were also studied.     

Synthesis of Y2Si2O7:Eu nanocrystal and its optical properties

Nanocrystalline Y₂Si₂O₇:Eu phosphor with an average size about 60 nm is easily prepared using silica aerogel as raw material under ultrasonic irradiation and annealing temperature at 300-600 °C and this nanocrystalline decomposes into Y₂O₃:Eu and silica by heat treatment at 700-900 °C. The excitation broad band centered at 283 and 254 nm results from Eu³⁺ substituting for Y³⁺ in Y₂Si₂O₇ and Y₂O₃/SiO₂, respectively. Compared with Y₂O₃:Eu/SiO₂ crystalline, the PL excitation and emission peaks of Y₂Si₂O₇:Eu nanocrystalline red-shift and lead to the enhance of its luminescence intensity due to the different chemical surroundings of Eu³⁺ in above nanocrystallines. The decrease of PL intensity may be ascribed to quenching effect resulting from more defects in Y₂O₃:Eu/SiO₂ crystalline.     

Deposition and characterization of binary Al2O3/SiO2 coating layers on the surfaces of rutile TiO2 and the pigmentary properties

Binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂-coated rutile TiO₂ composites were prepared by a liquid-phase deposition method starting from Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O and NaAlO₂. The chemical structure and morphology of binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂ coating layers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TG-DSC, Zeta potential, powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂ coating layers both in amorphous phase were formed at TiO₂ surfaces. The silica coating layers were anchored at TiO₂ surfaces via Si-O-Ti bonds and the alumina coating layers were probably anchored at the SiO₂-coated TiO₂ surfaces via Al-O-Si bonds. The formation of continuous and dense binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂ coating layers depended on the pH value of reaction solution and the alumina loading. The binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂-coated TiO₂ composites had a high dispersibility in water. The whiteness and brightness of the binary Al₂O₃/SiO₂-coated TiO₂ composites were higher than those of the naked rutile TiO₂ and the SiO₂-coated TiO₂ samples. The relative light scattering index was found to depend on the composition of coating layers.     

A facile synthesis of monodisperse CoFe2O4/SiO2 nanoparticles

Aminated-CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from primary silica particles using modified StÖber method. By optimizing the preparation conditions, monodisperse CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂ NPs with high amino groups’ density were obtained, which is necessary for enzyme immobilization. TEM confirm that the sample is a core/shell structure. These aminated-CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂ NPs have narrow size distributions with a mean size of about 60 nm. Moreover, the aminated-CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂ NPs can be easily dispersed in aqueous medium. The experimental results also show that the NPs have superparamagnetism, indicating that the aminated-CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂ NPs can be used as an effective carrier for the enzyme immobilization.     

Superacid Catalyst SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3 Prepared by Ultrasonic Co-precipitation and Low Temperature Aging

低温陈化超声波共沉淀法制得SO₄^2-/ZrO^2-La₂O₃前驱体, 经H₂SO₄处理, 在不同温度下焙烧得到纳米晶催化剂SO₄^2-/ZrO^2-La₂O₃;用Hammett指示剂法测定其酸性. 用XRD、BET、TEM、IR和XPS对样品进行表征,其催化活性用醋酸和甘油的酯化反应进行了评价. 结果表明经超声波搅拌和低温(-15 ºC)陈化,650 ºC焙烧4 h得到的固体超强酸表现出较高催化活性.     

BiVO4空心微球的合成及其光催化降解亚甲基蓝的性能研究

以BiNO₃·5H₂O和NH₄VO₃为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,成功合成了BiVO₄空心纳米球．采用TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等测试技术对样品的形貌、相结构以及光吸收性能等进行了表征．结果表明,所制备的BiVO₄空心微球在紫外区和可见区均有较强的光吸收,空心球平均粒径为160 nm,空腔直径为10～80 nm．以亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色降解实验为模型反应研究了样品的光催化性能．光催化实验结果表明,在可见光照射下,反应150 min后,样品对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率可达到95%以上．此外,考察了柠檬酸添加量对空心球形貌的影响,并提出了BiVO₄空心纳米球的可能形成机理．