三线态二苯基卡宾的动力学稳定效应

通过对二苯基重氮甲烷进行光照射产生了一系列于邻位和对位具有不同大小取代基的三线态二苯基卡宾,用紫外可见光谱对其进行了直接观察,并利用激光闪光光解法测定了三线态二苯基卡宾在室温脱氧苯溶液中的寿命,由此表明在邻位和对位里引入庞大的取代基对三线态二苯基卡宾具有更好的稳定效应。     

立体拥挤二苯基卡宾分子结构的电子效应

通过对二苯基重氮甲烷的光照射产生了一系列具有对称对位取代基的三线态二 (2 ,6 二甲苯基 )卡宾 .用电子顺磁共振波谱对其进行了研究 .通过对不同粘度的基质 (matrix)中零磁场分裂参数D和E的测定 ,依据电子自旋离域取代基常数σ 对三线态二苯基卡宾的分子结构的取代基效应进行了分析 .并通过对卡宾的热消失温度及其室温脱气苯溶液中寿命的测定 ,对三线态二 (2 ,6 二甲苯基 )卡宾的稳定性进行了定量考察 .结果表明 ,对卡宾中心的自旋电子具有离域效应的取代基使三线态二 (2 ,6 二甲苯基 )卡宾采取低能稳定的直线型结构 ,且显示了更好的热稳定性和更长的寿命 .     

由激光诱导荧光方法探测光碎片分子取向的理论研究

采用密度矩阵方法 ,推导了从激光诱导荧光 (LIF)强度中抽出光碎片取向参数的表达式 .光碎片的取向由分子态多极矩描述 .用于解离母分子和激发碎片分子的激光均为线偏振光 ,而探测荧光为非偏振光 .激光诱导荧光强度是光碎片分子初始态多极矩、线强度因子和解离—激发几何因子的函数 .光碎片的取向参数可以由测量荧光偏振比和计算动力学因子而获得     

线性三原子分子振动激发控制的李代数方法

采用李代数方法研究线性三原子分子在强红外激光场中的多光子激发及其控制,实现了态选择激发,并讨论了激光脉冲对控制的影响. 关键词： 多光子 李代数 激光     

水体中溶解有机物的荧光光谱特性分析

以355 nm激光为激发光源,在实验室中利用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法对不同水体中溶解有机物(DOM)的荧光光谱进行了测量,并以最小二乘法-高斯拟合对水体荧光光谱进行了拟合,解卷积得出了水喇曼散射谱及DOM的荧光光谱.在改变激发光脉冲强度的条件下,以一定浓度腐殖酸溶液为测量样品分析了DOM的荧光饱和特性.结果表明,随着激发光功率密度的增加,水喇曼散射强度线性增加,而DOM的荧光强度随着激发光功率密度的增加先是线性增加,此时归一化荧光强度为一恒定值.当激发光功率密度大于55 mW/cm2时, 荧光强度增加缓慢,归一化荧光强度则逐渐降低.研究发现,在有机物浓度较高时,出现了激发态分子间的单重态-单重态猝灭,并且在低浓度情况下,随着有机物浓度的增加,出现了有机物荧光峰值强度位置的红移并伴有波形的展宽.     

在激光等离子体中产生高电荷态离子的新途径

本文提出一种在激光等离子体中产生高丰度高电荷态离子的新途径，即通过共振光激发和碰撞电离混合过程来实现，模型计算表明，这一混合过程对提高高电荷态离子丰度的有效性，有关实验也证明这一过程的重要作用。     

苯甲酸及其衍生物与1,10-邻菲咯啉铽的三元配合物的荧光光谱研究

分别以苯甲酸及邻、间、对甲基(甲氧基)苯甲酸为第一配体, 以邻菲咯啉(phen)为第二配体, 合成了七种Tb(Ⅲ)的三元配合物. 通过元素分析确定了各配合物的组成. 在室温下, 测定了各固体配合物的激发和发射光谱, 讨论了不同种类、不同位置的取代苯甲酸作第一配体对铽三元配合物荧光性质的影响. 结果表明, 取代苯甲酸作第一配体的Tb(Ⅲ)三元配合物的最佳发射峰5D4→7F6(489 nm), 5D4→7F5(545 nm)的强度, 均比苯甲酸作配体的配合物强. 甲基为取代基的苯甲酸的三种配合物中, 最佳发射峰的强度顺序为: Tb(o-MBA)3phen ＜Tb(m-MBA)3phen*H2O＜Tb(p-MBA)3phen(其中o-MBA为邻甲基苯甲酸根、 m-MBA为间甲基苯甲酸根、 p-MBA为对甲基苯甲酸根、 phen为邻菲咯啉);甲氧基为取代基的苯甲酸的三种配合物中, 最佳发射峰强度顺序为: Tb(o-MOBA)3phen·H2O＞ Tb(m-MOBA)3phen·H2O ＞Tb(p-MOBA)3phen(其中o-MOBA为邻甲氧基苯甲酸根、 m-MOBA为间甲氧基苯甲酸根、 p-MOBA为对甲氧基苯甲酸根).     

基于菌紫质F态的永久光存储研究

在线偏振飞秒激光激发下, 菌紫质通过双光子光化学反应可以生成具有永久光致各向异性的蓝移产物F₅₄₀态. 基于F₅₄₀态的永久光致各向异性, 通过调控飞秒激光空间光场分布, 可以在菌紫质薄膜中实现永久光信息存储. 本文使用纯相位型空间光调制器调制飞秒激光光场, 在物镜焦平面上生成光学点阵图案, 可以将信息快速记录在菌紫质薄膜中. 同时, 通过改变入射激光偏振方向, 可以实现偏振复用光存储, 这在高密度光存储和数据加密领域具有潜在应用.     

CS_2飞秒超快非线性特性的实验研究

采用中心波长800 nm、脉宽30 fs的超短激光脉冲,通过飞秒光开关技术对CS_2的飞秒超快非线性特性进行了实验研究.在探测光强与抽运光强比为1∶10时,得到了较理想的光克尔时间分辨曲线.通过实验测定的光克尔信号强度与激发光和探测光偏振方向夹角的依赖关系表明:30 fs的超短激光脉冲激发CS_2的克尔信号主要是源于光诱导双折射效应,而非用200 fs的超短激光脉冲时来自瞬态栅的自衍射效应.     

激光超声技术及其应用

介绍了在气体、液体、固体中激光激发发产生超声波的机理，光激超声波信号的检测方法及其应用。     

Phototransformation mechanism of monuron induced by the triplet benzophenone in aqueous solution

Phototransformation mechanism of monuron induced by the triplet benzophenone in aqueous solution was investigated by laser flash photolysis technique, while quenching of the triplet benzophenone by monuron was studied by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The transient species in the transient absorption spectra have been identified by quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that under 355‐nm irradiation proton transfer between the triplet benzophenone and monuron happens, and monuron radical is formed and followed by dechlorination degradation reactions. This work indicated that in aqueous solution some dissolved natural organic matters are helpful to degradation of the organic pollutants under the sunlight. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Silyloxyamines as sources of silyl radicals: ESR spin‐trapping,laser flash photolysis investigation,and photopolymerization ability

Two silyloxyamines derived from 8‐(pentamethyldisilyloxy)‐julolidine and diethyl 3‐(pentamethyldisilyloxy)‐aniline are proposed as new sources of silyl radicals. The decomposition mechanism, excited state processes and the radical generation are explored by steady state photolysis, laser flash photolysis (LFP), electron spin resonance (ESR), and MO calculations. The Si? Si bond cleavage is clearly demonstrated. The formation of a radical cation on the amine moiety is also observed. Moreover, these compounds work as efficient Type I and Type II photoinitiators (PI) of free radical photopolymerization (FRP). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biphotonic photochemistry of benzophenones in dimethylsulphoxide: a flash photolysis EPR study

Benzophenone and its derivatives in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) exhibit biphotonic photochemistry under 355 nm laser photolysis. Flash photolysis electron paramagnetic resonance experiments demonstrate that a single laser pulse is capable of producing and exciting benzophenone triplets, which can sensitize dimethylsulphoxide and subsequently lead to photodecomposition. In decafluorobenzophenone, electron transfer is the dominant process of the highly excited triplet state. Despite the rapid radiationless decay of 2-hydroxybenzophenone (2OHbenzophenone) in non-polar solvents, radical signals are observed from the photoexcitation of 2OHbenzophenone in DMSO. This is attributed to the sufficiently rapid excitation of the triplet state, which competes with the radiationless decay process, aided by the unique solvent properties of DMSO. It is concluded, in contrast to literature data, that the excited triplet state of DMSO is reactive, and can produce methyl radicals that show triplet mechanism polarization via the biphotonic photoexcitation of benzophenone.     

Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in Pd-porphyrin-quinone in the picosecond time range

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) was studied in toluene solutions of the Pd-porphyrin-quinone (Pd-PQ) dyad by flash photolysis in the picosecond time range and by a luminescence method. It is found that Pd-PQ has a high rate of intercombination conversion K_isc=(7.7±0.2)·10¹⁰ sec⁻¹. Competing intramolecular PET occurs from the lower excited singlet state of the dyad with the rate constant K _et ^s =(2.7 ±0.3)·10¹⁰ sec⁻¹. Therefore, ∼74% of excited molecules from the dyad make a transition to the triplet T₁ state and 26% take part in intramolecular PET resulting in formation of radical products. The radical products relax to the ground state with the rate constant K=(7.4±0.2)·10⁹ sec⁻¹. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina St., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 11–18, January–February, 1999.     

四氯苯醌与嘧啶类核酸碱基的光化学氢抽取和电子转移反应

采用纳秒时间分辨的激光闪光光解实验技术,研究了四氯苯醌(TCBQ)分子与两种嘧啶核酸碱基(胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶)分子在355nm激发下的光化学反应动力学. 355 nm将TCBQ分子布居到激发三重态³TCBQ^*,高反应活性的³TCBQ^*与碱基分子发生两个平行的反应,氢抽取反应和电子转移反应,分别对应生成瞬态光谱上观测到的两个光反应产物TCBQH·和TCBQ·^-. 这两个反应同时生成的碱基自由基和碱基阳     

Does phenazine form triplet excimer and dimer anion radical?

Laser flash photolysis of phenazine (PZ) solution reveals the existence of a stable species with a long lifetime at 380 nm in addition to the usual triplet PZ at 440 nm. The former is suggested to be due to formation of triplet PZ excimer. The triplet excimer also undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with some aromatic amines. The formation of PZ dimer anion radical and amine cation radicals are confirmed by external magnetic field effect studies. Measurement of B_1/2, which estimates hyperfine present in the system, also supports this assignment.     

Absolute reactivity of arylallyl carbocations

A series of α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were generated and studied using nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Rate constants for the decay of the substituted α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were determined under solvolytic conditions in pure solvents and solvent mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE). In addition the absolute reactivity of the carbocations with added nucleophiles were obtained. The reactivities of the α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were then compared to the reactivities of the corresponding α‐methyl, α‐phenyl, and α‐cyclopropyl arylmethyl cations. Hammett σ⁺ plots of each of the series of carbocations were obtained and the substituent effects on carbocation reactivity analyzed. These data show that the influence of substituent on the reactivity of the α‐vinyl carbocations was different from the substituents effects on the reactivity of the α‐methyl, α‐phenyl, and α‐cyclopropyl series. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interaction of BSA with proflavin: A spectroscopic approach

The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with proflavin was investigated by spectroscopic tools like absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as laser flash photolysis. Absorption spectroscopy proved the formation of ground-state BSA-proflavin complex. Proflavin was found to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. High value of quenching constant suggested that energy transfer occurred from BSA to proflavin. Distance between the fluorophore in the protein and the ligand (proflavin) was evaluated. Binding constant and number of binding site were determined for proflavin-BSA interaction both in phosphate buffer (pH∼6.8) and in sodium dodecylsulphate media. The values of the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the key interacting forces are van der Waal's interaction and hydrogen bonding. Laser flash photolysis study reconfirmed the formation of complex between BSA and proflavin.     

β-胡萝卜素在乙腈体系中的激光光解研究

利用纳秒级激光光解瞬态吸收光谱装置,研究了以乙腈作为溶剂,以2-萘乙酮作为敏化剂的体系在355nm激光作用下敏化产生β-胡萝卜素激发三重态的机制,并进一步研究了β-胡萝卜素激发三重态的性质。研究显示2-萘乙酮和β-胡萝卜素的二元体系在355nm激光作用下,2-萘乙酮首先被激发为其激发三重态(420nm),2-萘乙酮激发三重态与β-胡萝卜素发生激发能转移,产生β-胡萝卜素激发三重态(510nm)。通过激发能转移的方法测得了β-胡萝卜素激发三重态在最大吸收波长510nm处的摩尔消光系数为23000L·mol-1·cm-1。改变β-胡萝卜素的浓度测得了其激发三重态在乙腈体系中的衰变反应速率常数6·5×104s-1,其在乙腈体系中的三重态寿命为15·6μs。同时获得了激发态2-萘乙酮与β-胡萝卜素之间激发能转移反应的速率常数1·5×1010L·mol-1·s-1。     

Electron Spin Resonance of Alkali Metal Contact Ion Pairs of 2,6-di-tert-Butylbenzoquinone in Non Polar Solvent

The question whether excited triplet states of quinones react with a number of substrates such as alcohols, phenols, and amines, via electron transfer mechanism has attracted much attention in recent years. The existence of some triplet exciplex was postulated by Kobashi et al¹ in their study of hydrogen atom abstraction by p-chloranil using laser flash spectrocopic detection. In some recent e.s.r. and CIDEP studies^2,3, however, there is no compelling evidence that the photoreduction of quinones and benzophenones undergoes an initial electron transfer mechanism. It should be noted that most of the e.s.r. studies of quinone radical anions had been carried out in polar solvents. In flash photolysis studies some evidence has indeed been obtained^1,4 in which the efficiency of hydrogen abstraction by excited triplet quinones increases with solvent polarity and therefore it is possible that the initial primary process involves electron transfer followed immediately by proton transfer. On the other hand, we