高精度多路脉冲延时技术

针对全固态直线变压器驱动源(LTD)中大规模开关同步触发的需求,设计了一款基于ZYNQ-7000 SoC平台的全数字多路脉冲延时系统。介绍了该系统各功能模块,并重点从时间数字转换器(TDC)、多路脉冲输出及ARM核控制三个模块进行分析设计。详细阐述了TDC模块抽头延时法原理及高精度进位链的构造;采用粗延时和细延时结合设计多路脉冲输出模块,有效提高信号的延时精度和范围,且模块化设计提高了通道数目的可扩展性;阐述ARM核控制流程,实现了响应快、稳定性高的控制。最后对系统进行了仿真验证,固化后在器件上进行了实测。实验结果表明,系统能够对外部触发信号实现多路延时输出,信号脉冲宽度1200 ns,幅值1.8 V,延时步进1 ns,延时调节范围0～4.29 s,输出误差低于1 ns。     

基于现场可编程门阵列的加速器同步控制器设计

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)注入器Ⅱ的控制中对于同步触发信号的要求,设计了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的高精度同步控制器,它能为加速器设备提供同步工作所需的脉冲信号。控制器采用粗延时结合精延时的方式,FPGA实现粗延时,专用延时芯片实现精延时,提高了延时精度,同时增大了延时、脉宽及周期的调节范围。测试结果表明,该控制器输出脉冲的最小延时步距为0.25ns,延时、脉宽及周期调节范围为1μs~2s,周期抖动的标准偏差为70ps。该控制器输出信号满足要求,程序界面操作简便,通过串口RS-422远程控制稳定可靠。     

远程控制高时间分辨多通道脉冲发生器设计

基于FPGA为四分幅相机研制了高时间分辨的多通道脉冲发生器;该系统具有4个独立的输出信号,配合高压快门电路实现对分幅相机4个通道曝光时间和延迟的控制;采用FPGA内部计数方法实现各个通道输出脉冲的宽度和延时的精确调节,同时采用光纤通信的方式实现远程控制,并利用高速高压输出驱动接口提高了系统的输出能力;研制的同步脉冲发生器最小时间分辨可达4 ns、输出幅度可达7.5 V、传输距离大于10 km。     

用于重离子加速器磁铁电源的数字调节器设计

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环上采用高级RISC微处理器(ARM)+现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)+DA/AD技术、状态空间方程方法实现对磁铁电源系统数字调节器的设计,它可以实现5阶及以下各阶的调节控制。运用ARM作为调节控制系统的核心处理器,完成系统的多线程任务处理。电源的精度调节通过FPGA和DA/AD相结合的技术来实现,通过千兆光纤接口实现外接数字信号处理器输入信号的直接传输。同时通过光电隔离器对叠加在输入/输出32 bit数字状态量的干扰脉冲进行抑制。经现场测试该调节器达到了加速器电源系统1×10^-4量级的精度要求,并减少了电源系统的故障恢复时间。     

具有独立延时功能的脉冲序列发生器

在磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI）系统中,谱仪是中心控制单元,其脉冲序列发生器输出的多通道指令分别控制各硬件部件协调工作,从而采集数据并重建图像,各硬件部件之间的相对延时会影响磁共振图像的质量或导致系统无法采集到图像.为了解决这一问题,本文设计了每个输出通道均具有可调延时功能的脉冲序列发生器,每一路通道的最大延时值为819 μs,延时步进值为50 ns,可实现对相对延时的精确补偿.由于延时功能是通过在脉冲序列发生器每个输出通道上添加独立延时电路实现的,因此具有结构简单,灵活性高的优点.     

高精度组合脉冲激光时序控制系统设计

在激光等离子体机理的研究中,为实现灵活的界面配置和多路脉冲激光器高精度的时序延时,设计了一种基于微控制器STM32和FPGA的多路时序延时控制系统。重点介绍了基于FPGA的多路ns级时序信号和基于ucGUI的触摸屏界面的设计。另外,采用高速光电隔离技术和高速FET开关电路技术,对驱动电路进行了设计,缩短了输出脉冲上升沿的时间,提高了系统延时精度、驱动能力和抗干扰性能。测试结果表明,该设计每路延时可调,调节范围为5 ns~10 ms,最小可调步进为5 ns,延时误差小于1 ns。     

基于FPGA的脉冲信号发生器的设计

介绍了一种基于FPGA的脉冲信号发生器的设计方法与电路。该仪器可以产生周期在1m s秒到1000 s之间的方波信号,并且信号的占空比可以以千分之一周期的步进进行调节,输出模式可以分成连续模式和单次手动触发模式。输出脉冲f/T的精确度<0.02%,输出脉冲f/T的稳定性<±0.01%。在电路上采用了现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)来构建,不仅简化了电路,而且提高了精度,降低了功耗和成本。     

基于FPGA的信号微小延时方法

针对FPGA输入输出信号微小延时的需求,根据FPGA的I/O特性和I/O逻辑资源,研究了一种基于FPGA的信号微小延时方法;采用FPGA的输入输出延时单元IODELAY,实现对输入输出信号的绝对延时,能够确保对FPGA的输入输出信号进行最小78ps的延时;根据实际需要可以通过参数选择实现对输入信号的固定延时和可变延时工作模式,以及对输出信号的固定延时工作模式;实际应用表明,文中实现的信号延时方法能够精确实现信号微小延时,延时效果稳定,受温度等外界环境变化影响较小,能够满足工程项目中对信号微小延时的实际需要。     

一种执行机构等效装置设计

为了满足航天器桌面散态匹配试验测试需求,研制一种基于PC104总线的执行机构等效装置,详细阐述了等效装置的功能、工作原理、硬件电路设计、软件设计思想,该系统采用模块化、可配置软件架构设计,实现了正常、应急多测试工况一体化设计;应用严格的窗口比较器硬件电路设计技术,实现信号电压幅值的高精度采集,确保输入信号的可靠判定;利用FPGA技术突破信号脉宽高精度采集和信号延时高精度可控等关键技术,该系统实现了输入信号幅值、脉宽的实时采集、存储与显示,并按照事先设定的工作模式及配置参数,完成不同测试工况下输出信号的模拟反馈。试验结果表明,系统稳定可靠,人机界面友好,满足航天器多测试工况控制时序和功能检查需求。     

超声相控阵控制、采集与全并行处理系统设计

针对超声相控阵检测系统工作环境较为恶劣、延时发射电路复杂、多路信号的采集难以单板实现以及多路信号处理实时性差等问题,提出了一种基于CPCI总线和FPGA的超声相控阵控制、采集与全并行处理系统的设计。本设计采用CPCI总线架构,可以在高尘、高冲击负荷等恶劣环境下工作,采用带高速串行LVDS接口的ADS445与XC5VSX95T相组合的方式来实现单板16路信号的高速信号采集和全并行处理,采用XC5VSX95T中的高速计数器来实现2ns的高精度延时发射,还提供了功能强大的主控软件便于用户操作。分析结果表明,多路AD+FPGA的硬件结构特别适合相控阵系统。实测结果表明,本系统可以较好地对钢管的缺陷进行实时检测和A扫与B扫成像。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。