新型水溶性花菁双嵌染料荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌花菁染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性碳菁染1,1’-丙磺酸-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚三次甲基碳菁-5,5’-二磺酸钾为荧光探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质荧光检测体系。实验考察了探针的荧光特征、浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度和乙醇有机试剂等参数对体系荧光的影响。当pH2.0,花菁染料最大荧光激发波长为548 nm,发射波长为562 nm,血清蛋白与探针作用随着探针浓度的增加而加强,荧光增强值逐渐上升;当探针浓度为1.00×10-6mol·L-1时,牛血清蛋白BSA和人血清蛋白HSA对花菁探针荧光增强作用最为明显,体系荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系,BSA和HSA线性响应浓度范围分别为0.20～15.00μg·mL-1和0.20～12.00μg·mL-1, 检测限(3σ/K)为0.01μg·mL-1。测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,当BSA浓度为4.00,6.00,8.00μg·mL-1时,回收率为94.5%～103.3%。     

光谱法研究钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与蛋白质的相互作用及其应用

研究了钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)作用的共振光散射光谱(RLS)、荧光光谱和电子吸收光谱特征,建立了利用金属配合物作为探针测定痕量蛋白质的方法。钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)-BSA三元络合物的形成导致RLS强度和荧光强度的增大;同时引起电子吸收光谱的强度减小,594 nm处吸收峰消失。在pH5.65～5.75的酸度条件下,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA系统在317 nm处有一增强的RLS光谱峰,且增强的RLS强度与BSA的浓度呈线性关系。在实验室确定的优化条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.75～10 μg·mL-1, 线性方程为I=150.88+201.48c(BSA ,μg·mL-1),相关系数r=0.997 3。方法检出限为5.62×10-2 μg·mL-1。该方法成功地用于人工混合样品中BSA含量的测定。对钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA的作用机制的研究表明,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA之间主要存在的是静电引力。     

偶氮胭脂红B共振瑞利光散射技术测定人血清中的总蛋白

在0.1mol/LH2SO4介质中,偶氮胭脂红B(ACB)与蛋白质结合形成的复合物在599nm处产生强烈的共振瑞利光散射信号.在最佳反应条件下,建立了共振瑞利光散射技术测定蛋白质的新方法.该方法对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)及免疫球蛋白(IgG)测定的线性范围分别为0.25-20.0、0.25-20.0及0.25-25.0μg/mL,检出限均小于0.20μg/mL,且大量存在的常见金属离子、氨基酸等共存物质不干扰测定,用于人血清样品中总蛋白质的测定,结果满意.     

丁基罗丹明B-表面活性剂体系荧光光谱法测定人血清蛋白

研究了阳离子染料丁基罗丹明 B在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在时的吸收光谱和荧光性能 ,发现随蛋白质浓度增大荧光强度逐渐增强 ,在一定范围内增强程度与蛋白质浓度成正比 ,据此建立了一种测定人血清蛋白的新方法 ,线性范围 0— 6 .0 mg·L-1 ,检出限为 4 .4 μg/ L。用于合成样品测定 ,结果令人满意。     

新型吖啶染料-蛋白质光散射体系

研究了四磺酸钠-1,6-己二胺二吖啶(TSHDA)与蛋白质的共振光散射增强作用,建立了一种新的蛋白质共振光散射分析体系.实验考察了吖啶探针浓度、缓冲体系pH对体系共振散射光的影响.在pH=3.0的酸性溶液中,蛋白质分子与TSHDA发生结合作用,共振光散射明显增强,最大散射波长位于460nm,体系散射强度随着探针浓度的增加而增大,蛋白质测定线性范围为0.2-1.2μg/mL,检出限9.7ng/mL.分析了血清蛋白合成样品,浓度为0.4-0.8μg/mL的样品测定回收率为97.5%-103.3%,相对标准偏差1.2%-2.6%.     

吲哚基二聚体菁类探针同步荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌吲哚染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性吲哚基同型二聚体探针I,建立了一种灵敏的蛋白质同步荧光分析体系。实验考察了吲哚探针的荧光特征、吲哚探针浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度等参数对体系荧光的影响。在酸性条件下,蛋白质分子与探针I发生结合作用,同步荧光明显增强并向长波方向发生红移,且同步荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系。在最优条件下,牛血清白蛋白BSA的线性响应范围5.00×10-7～2.50×10-5 g·mL-1,检测限(3σ/K)为3 ×10-8 g·mL-1;测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,不同浓度BSA样品回收率为98.6%～103.0%,相对标准偏差1.1%～1.9%;与蛋白质紫外标准测定法比较,测定偏差为0.4%～3.9％。     

蛋白质的室温磷光法研究

提出了牛血清蛋白(BSA)和人血清蛋白(HSA)的室温磷光法,蛋白质的磷光主要来自于包埋于其中的色氨酸残基,并对影响其室温磷光强度的的各种因素:如重原子浓度,酸度,除氧剂浓度等进行了详细研究,建立了测定痕量HSA和BSA的室温磷光法.该法是以KI为重原子微扰剂,在水溶液中用Na2SO3化学除氧后,以287nm为激发波长,BSA和HSA在443nm左右的磷光具有较好的重复性和稳定性.在此条件下它们的线性范围分别为:1×10-6-8.6×10-5mol/L和3×10-6-13×10-5mol/L,检出限分别为:2.20×10-7mol/L和4.10×10-7mol/L.同时,还对它们的光谱性质如荧光、磷光寿命,偏振等进行了测量.结果显示BSA中色氨酸残基有两种荧光衰减形式,HSA则只有一种衰减形式,它们的磷光属于长寿命磷光,都能引起光的偏振.     

孔雀石绿-锌(Ⅱ)-牛血清白蛋白的共振光散射及其分析应用

基于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)使孔雀石绿(MG)-锌(Ⅱ)配合物体系的共振光散射光谱(RLS)信号增强,建立了一种测定痕量蛋白质的新方法。探讨了pH、MG浓度、金属离子浓度、共存物质等因素对共振光散射强度的影响。在优化实验条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.1—25μg/mL,检出限0.06μg/mL,运用该方法对合成样品加标回收测定,结果满意。     

双核铜（Ⅱ）-β-丙氨酸缩水杨醛席夫碱配合物与血清蛋白相互作用的共振瑞利散射光谱

合成了双核铜-β-丙氨酸缩水杨醛席夫碱配合物([Cu2(HL)2](NO3)2·2H2O,简称CuL).在与血清白蛋白相互作用的过程中,发现它们结合会引起蛋白共振瑞利散射(RRs)的急剧增强.最大RRS峰位于470/470nm.对体系的适宜反应条件、影响因素及散射强度与蛋白质浓度的关系进行了研究.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,蛋白质浓度与散射强度成正比.该方法有较高的灵敏度,对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清蛋白(HSA)的检测范围为5.0-30.5ng/mL.考察了共存物质的干扰影响,并对蛋白质合成样品和实际样品进行分析,结果满意.     

新的光散射体系测定蛋白质的研究

以1,6-己二胺二吖啶为荧光探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质共振散射检测体系。实验考察了该吖啶荧光探针的共振散射特征光谱、散射反应稳定性,研究了缓冲介质pH、探针浓度等参数对测定蛋白质的影响。结果表明,当pH 8.9时,1,6-己二胺二吖啶染料的散射波长为470 nm;加入BSA,反应约9 min后,体系光散射强度达到最大并维持稳定,2 h内无明显变化。当1,6-己二胺二吖啶探针(浓度1.00×10-4mol·L-1)用量为3.00 mL时,蛋白质与1,6-己二胺二吖啶的光散射增强作用显著,共振散射强度随着BSA的增加而明显增强,光散射强度与蛋白质浓度成良好线性关系,线性浓度范围为1.00～5.00 μg·mL-1,检测限(3σ/K)为0.085 μg·mL-1。测定了血清样品,浓度为2.00～4.00 μg·mL-1,回收率为98.0%～101.7%,测定偏差小于1.7％。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.