槽道湍流的展向振荡电磁力壁面减阻

采用直接数值模拟方法,对槽道湍流的展向振荡电磁力的减阻效果和减阻机理进行了研究,讨论了电磁力强度和振荡频率对湍流猝发事件以及壁面减阻率的影响.结果表明,电磁力强度或振荡频率变化时,湍流猝发频率和猝发强度的变化趋势是相反的,所以存在最优参数使得减阻效果最好.等价壁面展向速度可以很好地描述电磁力强度和振荡频率的变化对减阻效果的综合效应。     

确定分布的展向Lorentz力调制下的槽道湍流涡结构

采用直接数值模拟方法,对槽道湍流中确定分布的Lorentz力的流动控制与减阻问题进行研究.讨论了Lorentz力作用于槽道湍流后,流场的特性和涡结构的特性,并对此类Lorentz力对槽道湍流的控制与减阻机理进行了讨论.研究发现:1)Lorentz力诱导的层流流场壁面附近存在梯度极大的展向速度剪切层,该剪切层容易形成流向涡结构;2)在给定合适参数的确定分布的Lorentz力作用下,湍流流场仅剩周期分布的准流向涡;3)与未控制流场相比,控制后的流场中,准流向涡的抬升高度大大降低,从而减小猝发强度,使壁面阻力下降.     

横向粗糙元壁面槽道湍流的大涡模拟研究

采用大涡模拟和浸没边界法相结合对不同高度和不同间距横向粗糙元壁面槽道湍流进行了模拟,得到了光滑壁面和粗糙壁面湍流的流向平均速度分布,雷诺剪切应力,脉动速度均方根和近壁区拟序结构。结果发现横向粗糙元降低了流向平均速度,增大了流动阻力,粗糙壁面湍流的雷诺剪切应力大于光滑壁面。粗糙元降低了流向脉动速度,增强了展向和法向脉动速度。粗糙元高度越高,对湍流流动影响越大,而粗糙元间距对湍流统计特性的影响不大。粗糙壁面仍然存在着和光滑壁面类似的条带结构。     

电磁力控制湍流边界层分离圆柱绕流场特性数值分析

在亚临界区高雷诺数Re=1.4×105下,采用脱体涡模拟结合湍流分离的方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下湍流边界层分离圆柱绕流场及其升(阻)力特性进行了数值模拟和分析.结果表明,电磁力可以提高圆柱体湍流边界层内的流体动能,延缓圆柱体湍流边界层的流动分离,减弱圆柱体湍流绕流场中在流向和展向上大尺度漩涡的强度,减小圆柱体阻力时均值及其升力脉动幅值.当电磁力作用参数大于某个临界值后,湍流边界层流动分离消失,在圆柱体尾部产生射流现象,从而电磁力对圆柱体产生净推力作用,出现负阻力现象,而且升力脉动幅值接近于零,出现圆柱体升力消失现象.     

超声速湍流边界层湍流统计与湍流结构分析

可压缩边界层转捩问题与湍流问题一直是制约高超声速飞行器发展的关键基础问题,也是近年来流体力学领域研究的热点问题.采用直接数值模拟方法,获得了空间发展的Ma=2.25超声速湍流边界层流场,通过对湍流边界层的发展状态进行评估,得出有效的Reynolds数Re_θ范围约为2 600~4 600.对壁面摩阻系数开展了分解,获得了各分量的占比,对充分发展的湍流边界层进行1阶和高阶统计分析,包括形状因子、壁面律、平坦因子与偏斜因子、Reynolds应力、脉动涡量等,得到了剪切Reynolds数与动量Reynolds数之间的关系式,分析了湍流边界层壁面律的分层特性,发现湍流的间歇特性主要分布在y+ < 30的区域,并且法向速度脉动的间歇性远高于另外两者,3个方向上的Reynolds应力分布和涡量分布都存在较大差异.通过两点相关性分析和Lagrange涡结构,对近壁区湍流结构进行了分析,包括流向平面和展向平面,发现流向脉动速度的相关区域流向尺度较长,呈现狭长的特性,并且流向平面的相关系数与壁面存在一定的夹角;而在边界层外层,流向速度脉动相关区域的流向尺度变短而展向尺度增加,呈现宽胖型.研究结果进一步加深了对超声速湍流边界层的认识,为下一步湍流边界层的流动控制奠定了基础.      

近壁湍流的降阶模型及应用

由条带和流向涡的循环再生构成的近壁自维持过程(self-sustaining process, SSP)是壁湍流产生和维持的重要机制. 文章通过对最小槽道的直接数值模拟(direct numerical simulation, DNS)获得近壁自维持过程的流场数据, 采用正规正交分解法(proper orthogonal decomposition, POD)对该数据进行分析, 获得了不同流向和展向尺度的特征模态, 通过将Navier-Stokes方程在这些模态上进行投影, 得到近壁自维持过程的降阶模型, 并采用DNS数据对降阶模型的预测能力进行了评价. 该模型被初步应用于大涡模拟近壁模型的构造.      

湍流边界层近壁区多个相干结构的数值模拟

从流动稳定性理论中的一般共振三波概念出发,提出一种湍流边界层近壁区多个相干结构的理论模型,采用高精度差分格式和Fourier谱展开相结合的方法,求解三维不可压Navier-Stokes方程,直接数值模拟近壁湍流多个相干结构的演化问题.并将得到的湍流边界层近壁区多个相干结构的数值演化特性与实验观察到的特性进行了比较.     

两相可压缩边界层的颗粒运动特性分析

本文采用高精度直接数值模拟方法,研究了马赫数为2的可压缩湍流边界层中,两种不同粒径颗粒的运动特性.研究发现近壁面的颗粒流向平均速度要小于流体;颗粒具有法向指向壁面的平均速度;近壁面颗粒的流向雷诺正应力要略大于流体:其中大颗粒具有更加显著的上述趋势.小颗粒的法向和展向雷诺正应力基本等于流体,而大颗粒则都要远小于流体.条件平均统计显示,大颗粒在低速区域的富集导致了这一现象.     

三种湍流模式数值模拟直角弯管内三维分离流动的比较

采用有限体积法数值离散雷诺时均Navier Stokes方程,模拟了方形截面90°大曲率弯曲管道内的三维湍流流动.用3种湍流模式(标准k-ε湍流模式、RNG k-ε湍流模式、Realizable k-ε湍流模式)求解该问题.给出了数学模型和计算结果,并与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明,采用RNG k-ε湍流模式并结合两层壁面模型的处理,能有效准确地求解强曲率影响的管道内及近壁区湍流的流动.     

粗糙壁面湍流边界层流动和拟序结构的大涡模拟研究

采用LES方法和虚拟粗糙元模型,,模拟了Rer=180有粗糙壁面的充分发展槽道湍流流动.从流向平均速度、脉动速度均方根、雷诺剪切应力、脉动速度相关,以及瞬时近壁准流向涡结构等多个方面,对粗糙壁面湍流边界层流动和拟序结构进行了分析.结果表明,粗糙壁面处雷诺剪切应力、脉动速度均方根以及近壁条带平均距离和准流向涡尺度都大于光滑壁面,且随着粗糙元高度的增加这种趋势更加明显.本工作为进一步研究颗粒在近壁区域的弥散规律奠定了基础.     

Drag reduction in turbulent channel flow using bidirectional wavy Lorentz force

Turbulent control and drag reduction in a channel flow via a bidirectional traveling wave induced by spanwise oscillating Lorentz force have been investigated in the paper. The results based on the direct numerical simulation (DNS) indicate that the bidirectional wavy Lorentz force with appropriate control parameters can result in a regular decline of near-wall streaks and vortex structures with respect to the flow direction, leading to the effective suppression of turbulence generation and significant reduction in skin-friction drag. In addition, experiments are carried out in a water tunnel via electro-magnetic (EM) actuators designed to produce the bidirectional traveling wave excitation as described in calculations. As a result, the actual substantial drag reduction is realized successfully in these experiments.     

Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent MHD channel flow at low magnetic Reynolds number for electric correlation characteristics

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent channel flow has been performed under the low magnetic Reynolds number assumption.The velocity-electric field and electric-electric field correlations were studied in the present work for different magnetic field orientations.The Kenjeres-Hanjalic (K-H) model was validated with the DNS data in a term by term manner.The numerical results showed that the K-H model makes good predictions for most components of the velocity-electric field correlations.The mechanisms of turbulence suppression were also analyzed for different magnetic field orientations utilizing the DNS data and the K-H model.The results revealed that the dissipative MHD source term is responsible for the turbulence suppression for the case of streamwise and spanwise magnetic orientation,while the Lorentz force which speeds up the near-wall fluid and decreases the production term is responsible for the turbulence suppression for the case of the wall normal magnetic orientation.     

Mechanism of controlling turbulent channel flow with the effect of spanwise Lorentz force distribution

A direct numerical simulation(DNS) is performed to investigate the control effect and mechanism of turbulent channel flow with the distribution of spanwise Lorentz force. A sinusoidal distribution of constant spanwise Lorentz force is selected, of which the control effects, such as flow characters, mean Reynolds stress, and drag reductions, at different parameters of amplitude A and wave number k_x are discussed. The results indicate that the control effects vary with the parameter A and k_x. With the increase of A, the drag reduction rate D_r first increases and then decreases rapidly at low k_x,and slowly at high k_x. The low drag reduction(or even drag increase) is due to a weak suppression or even the enhancements of the random velocity fluctuation and mean Reynolds stress. The efficient drag reduction is due to the quasi-streamwise vortex structure induced by Lorentz force, which contributes to suppressing the random velocity fluctuation and mean Reynolds stress, and the negative vorticity improves the distribution of streamwise velocity. Therefore, the optimal control effect with a drag reduction of up to 58% can be obtained.     

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of multiphysics field coupling mechanisms for a high power ICP wind tunnel

We take the established inductively coupled plasma(ICP) wind tunnel as a research object to investigate the thermal protection system of re-entry vehicles. A 1.2-MW high power ICP wind tunnel is studied through numerical simulation and experimental validation. The distribution characteristics and interaction mechanism of the flow field and electromagnetic field of the ICP wind tunnel are investigated using the multi-field coupling method of flow, electromagnetic, chemical, and thermodynamic field. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is validated by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. Thereafter, the wind tunnel pressure, air velocity, electron density, Joule heating rate, Lorentz force, and electric field intensity obtained using the simulation are analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that for the 1.2-MW ICP wind tunnel, the maximum values of temperature, pressure, electron number density, and other parameters are observed during coil heating. The influence of the radial Lorentz force on the momentum transfer is stronger than that of the axial Lorentz force. The electron number density at the central axis and the amplitude and position of the Joule heating rate are affected by the radial Lorentz force. Moreover, the plasma in the wind tunnel is constantly in the subsonic flow state, and a strong eddy flow is easily generated at the inlet of the wind tunnel.     

槽内热磁耦合流动换热数值模拟

数值模拟研究了矩形槽内导电流体由于焦耳热作用和电磁力共同作用引起的流动换热现象.数值结果表明,在给定流体性质情况下,焦耳热作用引起对流为两涡,电磁力作用时获得四涡流动,随Ha数的增加,电磁力驱动对流作用增大,热、磁共同作用时,流场温度场与Ha2Pr/Ra大小有关,从而影响到对流换热的强弱,在临界Ha2Pr/Ra以下,焦耳热引起的对流为主,Ha数增加,减弱换热;在临界日Ha2Pr/Ra以上,电磁力驱动的对流为主,Ha数增加,换热强化.     

Simulation of the influence of ultrasonic in-plane oscillations on dry friction accounting for stick and creep

We consider a pair of bodies contacting on an elastic substrate; the distance between the bodies oscillates harmonically at a high frequency. If a horizontal force is applied to the bodies, macroscopic movement starts only after achieving some critical value, which we identify with the static friction force of the oscillating system. The dependence of the static friction force on the oscillation amplitude is simulated numerically using the method of reduction of dimensionality. Results of simulation are compared with experimental data.     

洛伦兹力对自由燃烧弧和壁稳非转移弧流场的影响

通过耦合迭代求解流体力学方程和电磁场方程,数值模拟了转移式自由燃烧电弧和具有细长中间段及突扩阳极结构的壁稳式非转移直流电弧的流场,分析了洛伦兹力对这两种典型直流电弧流场的影响。结果显示:在自由燃烧电弧情况下,电流自感磁场的洛伦兹力对流场特性有显著影响,自磁压缩是约束电弧的主要机制;而在壁稳式非转移直流电弧情况下,相对于强壁面约束和气动力作用而言,洛伦兹力对流场的影响有限。特别在中间段出口以后,洛伦兹力与气动力的比值小于0.010,因此,当主要考虑壁稳式非转移直流电弧发生器出口参数时,为了提高数值模拟效率,可忽略洛伦兹力的作用。