功能离子液体复配溶液吸收CO_2性能研究

采用酸碱中和一步法制备出四甲基铵甘氨酸([N1111][Gly])功能离子液体,并进行~1H NMR和TGA表征。通过[N_(1111)][Gly]与单乙醇胺(MEA)水溶液复配成混合吸收剂,研究了不同复配浓度、温度、压力对CO_2的吸收性能的影响。结果表明;在MEA溶液中添加[N_(1111)][Gly]功能离子液体可以提高吸收CO_2的速率,在本文采用的5种吸收剂中,0.3mol·L-[N_(1111)][Gly|与0.7 mol·L~(-1)MEA复配形成的吸收剂具有较高的吸收容量和较大的吸收速率。温度升高,混合吸收剂吸收CO_2的速率增加,但平衡时的吸收容量减小。混合吸收剂的CO_2吸收速率和吸收容量均随压力的升高而增加。     

复合胺砜溶液吸收CO_2传质动力学研究

利用湿壁塔法测量复合胺砜溶液吸收CO_2的动力学特性,实验工况包括不同的反应温度(293.15～323.15 K)和不同的溶液浓度(0.5～6.6 mol/L)。本文简化了气液传质模拟,计算了不同工况下的吸收速率常数、总反应速率常数、二级反应速率常数及增强因子等动力学参数,同时根据实验结果拟合得到了二级反应速率常数和增强因子的经验公式,并得到了复合胺砜溶液与CO_2反应的表观反应活化能为为20.38 kJ/mol。     

胺溶液吸收CO_2的量子化学分析

胺溶液吸收燃煤电厂烟气中CO_2是目前减少CO_2排放的有效技术途径。采用真实溶剂似导体屏蔽模型COSMO-RS结合密度泛函理论DFT预测了多种伯胺和仲胺溶液的pK_a值,计算中采用了不同的密度泛函和基组方法,表明在BLYP/TZP方法下得到的pK_a值与已有实验值符合最好。在BLYP/TZP方法下计算了各组分的吉布斯自由能,评估了胺溶液吸收CO_2后溶液中氨基甲酸离子与碳酸氢根离子的比率。此外,通过液相状态下的DFT计算研究了氨甲基丙醇(AMP)溶液吸收CO_2过程中碳酸氢根离子生成的反应机理,结果表明碳酸氢根离子更有可能是由胺、H_2O和CO_2直接反应生成,而不是由氨基甲酸离子水解生成。     

紫外薄层色谱法分离C15H18N4SO2和C13H19N3SO4

采用紫外薄层色谱法在硅胶GF254板上分离N-{2-[(2,2-二氰基-乙烯基)-甲基-氨基]-丙基}-4-甲基-苯磺酰胺(C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2)和4-甲基-N-{2-[甲基-(2-硝基-乙烯基)-氨基]-丙基}-苯磺酰胺(C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4)二种有机物的方法。硅胶GF254板由0.27mol/L,pH=7的EDTA溶液修饰,避免了这两种样品与板上少量无机金属离子发生络合作用;展开剂为乙酸乙酯-石油醚-乙醇-37.5%氨水(体积比为10∶10∶1∶1)。C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2和C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4的Rf值分别为0.64和0.48。用紫外薄层色谱法分离C_(15)H_(18)N_4SO_2和C_(13)H_(19)N_3SO_4具有操作简单,灵敏,准确的特点。     

[APMim]Br离子液体溶液水含量对CO_2溶解度影响

1-氨丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴([APMim]]Br)功能型离子液体对CO_2具有良好的选择吸收特性,在二氧化碳吸收工程领域将有较好的应用前景。对于[APMim]Br离子液体水溶液体系,只有当水含量足够大才能有效地实现流体对CO_2的有效吸收,而且在有效吸收区间(水含量大于55%)水含量多少对溶液体系CO_2吸收效率有着非常显著的影响。为此在密闭石英玻璃反应釜内,测定5~75℃,0.1~7.6 MPa范围内,CO_2在水的质量分数w(H_2O)为0.5590、0.6578、0.7680和0.8576的[APMim]Br水溶液中的溶解特性。实验结果表明,低压下化学吸收占主导作用,随水含量增大,溶液体系对CO_2溶解度成倍增加,而且产生的物理吸收效应远大于离子液体本身的化学吸收能力。在水的质量分数在0.65~0.85区间,[APMim]Br水溶液在相当大的温度和压力范围内具有优良的CO_2吸放气特性,显示出良好的工程应用前景。     

N-烯丙基-N''-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲光度法测定微量银

本文研究了显色剂N-烯丙基-N'-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲(ASATu)与银的显色反应.在0.3mol/L的氨水溶液中,银(Ⅰ)与ASATu形成稳定的1 1茶色水溶性配合物,最大吸收波长为410nm,表观摩尔吸收系数为4.5×104L@mol-1@cm-1;银的浓度在0-0.6mg/L范围内服从比耳定律.本法具有显色稳定.选择性好,操作简单等优点.可用于阳极泥和地质样品中银的测定,其结果及回收率令人满意.     

复合胺砜溶液同时吸收并分部解吸CO_2/SO_2/NO_x循环实验研究

在同一系统中联合脱除CO_2/SO_2/NO_x并实现溶液的解吸再生,不仅能够减少气体污染物的排放,而且具有系统简单、经济性高等优点。自行设计了同时吸收一分部解吸CO_2/SO_2/NO_x循环实验系统,以N一甲基二乙醇胺和二甲基亚砜配制成的复合胺砜溶液为吸收剂,在不同解吸温度和解吸气液比条件下,考察了富液中各组分的解吸情况,确定了CO_2和NO的最佳解吸条件。在整体循环实验中,考察了系统的可行性和稳定性,并考察不同浓度溶液的吸收、解吸特性。在整体循环实验中,实现了CO_2、SO_2、NO、NO_2的同时吸收和CO_2、NO的分部解吸,各组分的吸收速率逐渐减小,解吸速率逐渐增加,最终吸收一解吸达到平衡,平衡时吸收、解吸速率与吸收液浓度无关。     

N-烯丙基-N′-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲光度法测定微量银

本文研究了显色剂 N-烯丙基 - N′- (氨基对苯磺酸钠 )硫脲 (ASATu)与银的显色反应。在 0 .3mol/ L的氨水溶液中 ,银 ( )与 ASATu形成稳定的 1∶ 1茶色水溶性配合物 ,最大吸收波长为 4 10 nm,表观摩尔吸收系数为 4 .5× 10 4 L· mol-1· cm-1;银的浓度在 0— 0 .6 mg/ L范围内服从比耳定律。本法具有显色稳定 ,选择性好 ,操作简单等优点。可用于阳极泥和地质样品中银的测定 ,其结果及回收率令人满意。     

一种新的芴类衍生物的三光子吸收诱导荧光和光限幅效应研究

通过对新合成的芴的一种具有对称性衍生物4-2-(7-(4-氨基苯乙烯基)-9，9-二(2-乙基己基)-9H-芴-2-)乙烯基)苯胺(BASF)的DMF溶液的研究，发现其具有很强三光子吸收频率上转换荧光发射特性，实验测出上转换荧光的波长范围是456—775nm，在510nm处的荧光强度与入射光强的三次方成正比.在0.03mol/L的浓度下就有明显的三光子吸收诱导的光限幅效应.非线性吸收系数和吸收截面分别为γ=4.34×10^-20cm³/W²和σ₃＝2.4×10^-39cm⁶/W². 关键词： 三光子吸收 光限幅 上转换荧光 吸收截面     

轴向嘧啶衍生物修饰硅酞菁的光谱性质、光动力抗癌活性及与白蛋白相互作用的研究

研究了一种新型轴向修饰硅酞菁,即二(2-氨基-6-三氟甲基-4-嘧啶氧基)硅酞菁(SiPcF)的光物理光化学性质、离体光动力抗癌活性以及与白蛋白的相互作用。结果表明,SiPcF的Q带最大吸收峰波长686 nm,摩尔吸光系数为2.3×105 mol-1·L ·cm-1,荧光发射峰694 nm,荧光量子产率为0.46,光敏化产生单线态氧的量子产率为0.38,是有效的1O₂光敏剂。SiPcF与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)具有较强的相互作用,两者的结合常数为4.33×105mol·L-1,结合位点数为1。离体细胞实验表明,SiPcF具有较高的光动力抗癌活性,对人肝癌细胞HepG2的IC₅₀值为5×10-7mol·L-1。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.