金属-有机骨架衍生催化剂在二氧化碳加氢和费托合成反应中的应用

CO₂加氢和费托合成反应是C1化学中重要的研究领域,CO₂加氢制备高附加值化学品和燃料有助于降低大气中CO₂浓度,减轻化石燃料消耗的压力;费托合成反应是以非石油资源为原料生产液体燃料和化学品的重要路径。 开发新型、高效、稳定的催化剂是CO₂加氢和费托合成反应的关键点之一。 利用金属-有机骨架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)材料的特点制备的MOFs衍生催化剂在CO₂加氢和费托合成反应中具有较好的应用前景。 本文综述了CO₂加氢和费托合成反应中MOFs衍生催化剂的制备方法,以及催化剂在各反应中的催化性能,并对目前所存在的问题以及今后的发展进行了总结和展望。     

C60-吡咯烷衍生物的合成及非线性光学性质的研究

通过富勒烯C₆₀与肌氨酸和有机醛化合物的1,3-偶极环加成反应, 获得了九种含不同有机功能基团的C₆₀吡咯烷衍生物1～9, 用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis和FAB-MS进行了结构表征; 利用皮秒激光光源, 采用z扫描技术测定了分子的三阶非线性超极化率γ⁽³⁾, 结果显示: 化合物3 (γ⁽³⁾＝4.14×10^－33 esu)具有最大的三阶非线性光学系数, 说明增加噻吩共轭链的长度, 使三阶非线性活性增加; 对具有相同共轭链的C₆₀-噻吩吡咯烷衍生物(2, 5, 1和4), 吸电子取代基减小了三阶光学非线性活性, 给电子基增大了三阶光学非线性活性; 同时发现喹啉环2-位键联(7)比4-位(8)有更好的三阶光学非线性活性.     

C60-蒽吡咯烷的合成及非线性光学性质的研究

设计合成了一种新的C60-蒽吡咯烷衍生物1.以1H NMR,13C NMR,FTIR,UV-Vis和FAB MS进行了结构表征,测量其在甲苯溶液中的紫外光谱、荧光发射光谱,并在最大发射波长下测得其荧光寿命为5.44 ns,利用皮秒激光光源,采用Z扫描技术测定了分子1的三阶非线性超极化率γ(3)为6.60×10-33 esu,大于C60的文献报道值7.5×10-34 esu.说明C60-蒽吡咯烷衍生物1在激光激发下发生了加成基团蒽与母体C60之间的分子内能量转移和电荷传递.通过理论化学计算进一步验证了电荷转移的发生.     

Thiophene-fluorene derivatives with high three-photon absorption activities and their application to optical power limiting

The three-photon absorption （3PA） properties of two thiophene-fluorene derivatives （abbreviated as MOTFTBr and ATFTBr） have been determined by using a Q-switched Nd：YAG laser pumped with 38ps pulses at 1064nm in DMF. The measured 3PA cross-sections are 152×10^-78cm^6s^2 and 139× 10^-78cm^6s^2, respectively. The optimized structures were obtained by AM1 calculations and the results indicate that these two molecules show nonplanar structures, and attaching different donors has different effects on the molecular structure. The charge density distributions during the excitation were also systematically studied by using AM1 method. In addition, an obvious optical power limiting effect induced by 3PA has been demonstrated for both derivatives.     

生物质巨菌草衍生炭的合成及在超级电容器中的应用

将巨菌草低温预碳化处理,得到粉末炭质材料(JPC),再用不同比例的KOH在不同温度下进行活化处理,得到了以微孔和介孔分布为主的无定形炭材料(JPCK1).所合成的炭材料JPCK1-900-4X的比表面积高达3368 m²/g,具有较大的孔隙体积和0.95%(原子分数)的氮含量.电化学测试结果表明,JPCK1-900-4X在超级电容器应用中表现出优异的储能潜力;在电流密度为0.5 A/g时其比电容为311.7 F/g,电流密度提高到10 A/g时比电容为230 F/g;在电流密度为10 A/g时经过5000次充放电循环后其电容保持率为97.5%;在两电极体系下,当功率密度为250 W/kg时,其能量密度可达17.7 W·h/kg.     

高功率激光在存储环上的应用

重离子冷却存储环中的束流是高密度的等离子体,这样的束流照射物体将得到超高压强．如果高功率激光照射束流,将产生实验室中从来没有过的超高温度．这些极端的条件为开辟重离子物理研家新领域提供了可能性．在存储环中使用X射线激光可以测显类锂离子的电荷均方根半径绝对值,使核基态性质的研究将有突破性的进展．它开辟了在等离子体物理、金属物理、核物理和天体物理等领域新的实验条件．为惯性聚变的快速点火创造了最好条件． In cooling storage ring heavy ion beam is plasma of high density. when a big power laser interacted on it, it will get ultra-high temperature. This beam irradiated on an object will get ultra-high pressure. This high energy pulse laser can produce X-ray laser. In the cooling storage ring absolute value of charge mean root radius of Lithium-like nuclei will be measured by the X-ray laser. It will be broken through in investigating the property of nuclear ground state. That will create many...     

Performance evaluation of a parallel-hole collimated detector module for animal SPECT imaging

We have built and investigated a detector module for animal SPECT imaging, especially for use in large field of view (FOV) conditions. The module consists of a PMT-based detector and a parallel-hole collimator with an effective area of 80 mm × 80 mm. The detector is composed of a NaI scintillation crystal array coupled to four H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PS-PMT). The intrinsic energy resolution of the detector is 11.5% at 140 keV on average. The planar spatial resolution of the module changes from 2.2 mm to 5.1 mm at different source-to-collimator distances with an unchanged sensitivity of about 34cps/MBq. Additionally, the SPECT Micro Deluxe Phantom imaging was performed with a radius of rotation (ROR) of 40 mm. Using the FBP reconstruction algorithm, a high performance image was obtained, indicating the feasibility of this detector module.     

C_(60)-苯并噻吩吡咯烷的合成及非线性光学性质的研究

设计合成了一种C60-苯并噻吩吡咯烷衍生物(2),以1HNMR、13CNMR、FTIR、UV-Vis和FAB-MS进行了结构表征。由其在甲苯溶液中的紫外光谱和荧光发射光谱测得,在最大发射波长下的荧光寿命为5.34ns。Z-扫描技术测得其分子三阶非线性极化率γ(3)为1.82×10-33esu,大于C60的文献报道值7.5×10-34esu,表明在激光激发下苯并噻吩与C60之间发生了分子内能量转移和电荷传递。理论计算结果进一步佐证了电荷转移的发生。     

A compact positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer

Using LYSO scintillator coupled on HAMAMATSU R9800 (a fast photomultiplier) to form the small size γ-ray detectors, a compact lifetime spectrometer has been built for the positron annihilation experiments. The system time resolution FWHM=193 ps and the coincidence counting rate ～8 cps/μCi were achieved. A lifetime value of 219±1 ps of positron annihilation in well annealed Si was tested, which is in agreement with the typical values published in the previous lectures.     

一种新型芴类衍生物的光谱及光限幅性能分析

利用Heck反应合成了一种新型的共轭长链的芴类衍生物,研究了它的线性和非线性光学特性。测试了它在石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)四种不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收和荧光光谱特性,结果表明溶剂极性对新物质紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱有一定程度的影响,随着溶剂极性的增加,吸收光谱和荧光光谱均红移。在激发波长为1064nm皮秒激光器作用下,测试了新物质的光学非线性——光限幅效应,结果显示其透射率随入射光强的变化呈现非线性降低,限幅效应明显。根据分析得出,此光限幅效应是由三光子吸收引起。通过数据拟合,得出了新物质的三光子吸收系数γ为5.4×10-21 cm3/W2及相应的三光子吸收截面σ′3为7.3×10-77 cm6.s2。