动能橡胶圆球弹优化选择及外弹道仿真

为了为某型动能防暴发射器选择最优橡胶弹丸,建立了橡胶圆球弹外弹道模型,从国内外典型橡胶圆球弹的大小、空气阻力对弹道的影响和终点效应三方面分析了对橡胶圆球弹选择的影响,利用MATLAB仿真软件计算了8mm、10mm、15mm三种直径不同质量条件下的空气阻力对弹道的影响、最大射程、终点速度、飞行时间、动能和比动能,重点分析比动能和Ｋ值对弹道特性及终点效应的影响,通过分析和比较,得出了直径为10mm,质量为2g的橡胶圆球弹最适合作为某型动能防暴发射器的战斗弹丸;通过分析直径10mm,质量2g的橡胶圆球弹不同发射角度情况下的弹道特性和终点效应,结果表明,该橡胶圆球弹存速能力强,发射距离远,安全性高,为某型动能防暴发射器的弹丸制造提供了理论支撑。     

主动电磁装甲的物理原理

 目前用于攻击坦克和装甲车辆的主要武器为动能弹和破甲弹。动能弹以其高速发射过程中所获取的巨大动能,在甲板很小区域内快速释放,以达到穿透保护甲的目的,也叫做穿甲弹。破甲弹是以高速金属射流侵彻装甲,以达到毁伤防护装甲的目的。随着穿甲弹、破甲弹穿透能力的不断增强,仅仅通过增加装甲的厚度来提高其防护性是不现实的。其一,装甲厚度的增加势必造成战车体积和重量上的增大,从而减少了车辆的机动性和灵活性。其二,目前动能弹初速已大于1800ｍ/ｓ和穿甲能量大于9ＭＪ,如此强大的威力,传统的装甲难以防护。电磁装甲是一种新概念装甲防护,它可使得大多数威胁在危及目标之前就失去作用。     

串联弹前级装药对后级随进弹爆炸作用的研究

 为获得串联战斗部随进弹在受到前级装药爆炸作用时,质量对其所受最大过载及动能衰减的影响规律,采用非线性动力学软件AUTODYN,基于Euler-Lagrange耦合算法,对前级装药的爆炸过程中,不同弹径、不同质量的随进弹穿越爆轰场进行了数值模拟。得出了随进弹在前级爆炸作用下所受最大过载和动能衰减的变化规律。基于数值模拟结果建立了随进弹剩余速度与质量的无量纲关系式,计算结果得到了实验验证。     

雨滴碰击光缆后光纤应变相位调制分析

基于云动力学理论,分析了雨滴碰击光缆后径向应变导致光纤纤芯折射率及形状发生改变,使光纤内传输光相位受到调制的过程.建立了雨滴碰击光缆引起光纤内传输光相位调制的模型,获得了降雨强度与相位调制之间的关系.研制了雨滴碰击光缆相位调制实验室验证系统,对比了模拟降雨强度分别为3,5,7,10,15,18,22,30 mm/h时的实验测试与仿真结果,两者变化趋势一致,误差在9%以内.该模型可用于仿真获得不同降雨强度下雨滴碰击光缆引起的光相位调制,为进一步研究降雨对光纤振动传感系统性能的影响,优化光纤振动传感工程应用系统,提出可行的雨量补偿方案提供了理论参考.     

12.7mm穿燃弹对半无限厚45钢的侵彻行为

针对刚性卵形短杆弹对半无限厚钢靶的侵彻行为,利用12.7 mm弹道枪进行不同着靶速度下12.7 mm穿燃弹正侵彻45钢的弹道试验,并结合数值模拟对侵彻过程中的弹丸侵彻行为进行分析。结果表明:12.7 mm穿燃弹对45钢的临界开坑速度为75 m/s,在弹速范围内弹芯表现出刚性侵彻行为,不同着靶速度下弹芯的侵彻阻力上升趋势基本一致,当着靶速度大于400 m/s时,在开坑结束后会出现常阻力阶段,直至侵彻结束。同时,制式弹对45钢的侵彻深度与着靶动能呈线性正比关系,通过拟合得到了无量纲侵彻深度与无量纲动能的关系式。     

杆式钨合金弹超高速撞击薄靶的能量损耗

超高速撞击过程伴随着复杂的物理过程。为分析杆式圆柱形钨合金弹超高速撞击薄钢靶时的物理过程,采用AUTODYN/SPH数值仿真计算方法获得了撞击过程模型及每个光滑粒子流体动力学信息,并通过广度搜索破片识别程序识别每个破片所含粒子,利用MATLAB编程对破片粒子数据信息进行统计分析,获得弹靶撞击过程的变化特性、弹靶破片数量、相关能量随撞击时间的变化规律。通过分析发现:随着弹体撞击速度的增加,剩余弹体被严重侵蚀,且弹体能量损耗增加,弹体损失的能量主要转变为弹靶破片动能;计算得到了撞击20μs时的能量损耗直方图,同时分析了发生撞击时靶板的能量变化过程,并简要描述了该过程。     

高速动能弹温度场数值模拟

随着兵器发射技术和空气动力学技术的发展,动能弹的发射初速和飞行状态正从超声速向高超声速发展,由此产生了气动热问题.准确预测动能弹温度场是其气动力和热防护设计的关键技术.采用CFD预测温度场的方法,包括平衡流流动控制方程及差分格式,构造平衡流通量Jacob矩阵,在差分格式矢通量分裂过程中嵌入平衡流真实气体模型模拟温度场,获得平衡流气体状态方程.对典型高速动能弹热环境进行验证,考察方法的合理性.对设计的一种新型高超声速动能弹温度场进行数值模拟,为其气动设计及热防护提供了较可靠的数据.     

杆式射流对充液防护结构的毁伤机理及影响因素的数值模拟

运用ANSYS/LS_DYNA软件分析了聚能射流对充液结构的毁伤,初步获得了药型罩壁厚和材料等参数对聚能战斗部水下作用的影响特性。药型罩壁厚在0.04D_k~0.06D_k(D_k为装药直径)之间形成的射流对充液防护结构具有较优的侵彻性能;当δ<0.04D_k时,杆流成型结构较差,在水中的动能抗衰减性能较低;δ>0.06D_k时,射流的初始动能低,靶后效果差。药型罩可采用纯铁、紫铜和钽3种材料,其中纯铁射流的侵彻能力最高,钽射流在水中的动能抗衰减性能最好,紫铜射流具有较好的综合性能。     

通电螺线管磁性强弱演示实验的改进

有一种叫“彩虹圈”的小玩具 ,实际上是一种塑料弹簧 ,其劲度系数很小 .笔者用它来改进通电螺线管磁性强弱的演示实验 ,效果很好 .图 1　实验装置图1.塑料弹簧　 2 .小铁块　 3.橡皮膜4 .螺线管　　 5.输液管　 6.木　板　　如图 1所示安装好各元件 ,螺线管内用橡皮膜 (或塑料膜 )封闭了一定量的气体 ,当螺线管中有电流通过时 ,吸引铁块 ,铁块压橡皮膜 ,使与橡皮膜连通的 U型管中红色液柱高度发生明显变化 ,扩大演示效果 .当增大电流时 ,螺线管对铁块吸引力增大 ,橡皮膜被压缩程度增大 ,U型管中液柱高度差变大 .当增大线圈匝数或加铁芯 (应…     

用光泵探测器诊断黑素瘤

在人体皮肤上出现色素时,一般都称之为黑素瘤.实际上黑素瘤中存在着两种类型：一种是褐黑素（pheomelanin）,它的作用类似于对紫外线辐射的光敏剂;另一种是真黑素（eumelanin）,它对光线有阻碍作用,它在黑素瘤中可以大量存在.在去除被感染的皮肤和在皮肤上进行一层一层的细致诊断时,黑     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.