长距离多站点高精度光纤时间同步

为了保证长距离多站点间的高精度时间同步,在利用双向时间比对法实现高精度长距离时间同步的基础上,提出了一种利用一个波长信道同时对1 PPS(pluse per second)信号、时码信号以及10 MHz信号进行传递,并使用时分多址和净化再生的方式实现多站点高精度光纤时间同步的方法.以自行研制的工程样机在长度约550 km的实验室光纤链路以及871.6 km的实地光纤链路上进行了实验验证.在实验室光纤链路上,同时在50,300,550 km处测量得到的时间同步标准差分别为16.7,16.8,18.4 ps,时间稳定度分别为1.78 ps@1000 s,2.09 ps@1000 s,2.92 ps@1000 s.在实地光纤链路上,实现了光纤链路沿途11个站点的时间同步,测得871.6 km传递链路的时间同步标准差为29.8 ps,时间稳定度为3.85 ps@1000 s,不确定度为25.4 ps.     

温度对双向时分复用光纤时间传递精度的影响

理论推导了光纤链路双向时延差(TDEV)的稳定度与温度、双向时间间隔、波长间隔,以及距离的关系,并分析了温度对双向时分复用(TDM)光纤时间传递精度的影响。结果表明,随着温度变化幅度、双向时间间隔、以及传输距离的增加,双向TDM光纤链路时延差的稳定度逐渐变差。典型温度变化情况下,时间间隔小于100 ms时,3000 km双向TDM光纤链路时延差的稳定度优于1 ps/d。相同温度变化和距离的情况下,时间间隔小于100 ms的双向TDM光纤链路时延差的稳定度优于波长间隔为0.1 nm的双向波分复用(WDM)光纤链路。在实验室内,进行了双向TDM光纤时间传递实验。实验结果表明:室温环境下双向TDM光纤时间传递系统不对称偏差的均值随光纤长度(2 m~100 km)的变化小于29 ps,接近时间间隔测量仪器的噪底。100 km光纤双向TDM光纤时间传递的稳定度优于30 ps/s和20 ps/d。     

基于单光子探测的高精度长距离光纤双向时间比对

在长距离光纤时间传递链路中,为了避免使用中继放大导致双向传输时延不对称以及引入附加的噪声,提出一种基于单光子探测的长距离光纤时间传递方案。将经过主端（从端） 1 pulse/s时间信号控制的激光脉冲序列作为发送信号,利用从端（主端）具有极高探测灵敏度的单光子探测器接收到达信号,并基于双向时分复用同纤同波时间比对方案得到双向光纤链路传输时延变化,进而根据时间相关单光子计数和高斯拟合的数据处理方式得到两端之间钟差的时间稳定度。为了实现单光子探测器在门控模式下对长距离光纤实验系统的长期测试,设计并实现了外部触发门控工作方式下动态调整的触发控制系统。通过利用光纤链路传输时延变化量,实现对门控触发信号的控制。350 km单模光纤和对应长度的色散补偿光纤（链路总损耗约为100 dB）的时间传递系统实验结果表明,时间传递稳定度优于1.5 ps@1 s和0.4 ps@8192 s。所提方法为长距离高精度光纤时间传递提供了一种有效的解决方案。     

基于100km光纤链路的时间和频率同时传递

提出了一种基于光纤的时间和频率同时传递方案。采用基于温控光纤延迟线和压电陶瓷(PZT)光纤延迟线的光学相位噪声补偿技术实现高稳定的频率传递。同时,通过波分复用技术在稳定的光纤链路上进行基于时分复用的高精度同纤同波双向时间传递。在100 km的光纤链路上进行了时间和频率同时传递实验,光纤频率传递链路的秒稳定度和天稳定度分别达到5.25×10-14和1.9×10-17;双向时间比对在1 s处的时间传递秒稳定度优于40ps,在平均时间1000 s处优于1.5 ps。时间差抖动的峰-峰值和标准差分别小于400 ps和45 ps。     

高速光通信系统中光纤光栅色散补偿研究

通过对光栅制作过程的优化设计，解决了光纤光栅温度稳定性、纹波系数、带宽、偏振模色 散补偿等关键技术，所制作光纤光栅已经达到温度系数小于00005 nm/℃，带宽大于14 nm，纹波系数小于50 ps，色散量超过 -1000 ps/nm的先进水平. 采用琼斯矩阵本征值法较 精确地测量了光栅的偏振模色散，并对其进行了补偿，光纤光栅色散补偿器的偏振模色散由 补偿前的91406 ps改善为补偿后的01521 ps. 在此基础上，成功地建立了一个稳定可靠 、速率为40 Gb/s，传输链路为122 km G 关键词： 高速光通信系统 普通单模光纤 光纤光栅 色散补偿     

普通单模光纤传输系统的光纤光栅色散补偿研究

通过系统分析光纤光栅的耦合模理论 ,探索、优化光纤光栅的制作过程 ,研制了满足ITU T建议波长的优质光纤光栅。用双透镜和扫描移动平台结合相位掩膜板研制的光纤光栅分别成功实现了 4× 10Gb/s 4 0 0km和4× 10Gb/s 80 0km普通单模光纤传输系统的色散补偿 ,功率代价均小于 2dB ,且最佳功率代价为负值。同时对4× 10Gb/s 80 0km普通单模光纤传输系统的偏振模色散实施长时间的监测 ,系统偏振模色散小于 10 ps,提出了发展 10Gb/s的光通信系统更符合目前我国国情的见解。     

40Gb/s光时分复用传输光纤光栅补偿色散研究

用精密扫描掩模法写入宽阻带啁啾光纤光栅,掩模板背面两端各10％长度处镀有按4阶高斯函数透过率的膜,写入的啁啾光栅的时延纹波最大值为20ps。为减少写入光纤光栅的偏振模色散,研制了新的低偏振模色散光纤光栅补偿写入法。采用补偿写入法前的平均微分群时延为9．1406 ps;采用补偿写入法后的平均微分群时延为0．1521 ps。并利用低偏振模色散光纤光栅对40Gb／s光时分复用系统在普通G．652光纤传输122km的色散进行了补偿实验,功率代价为1．5dB。     

面向XFEL的km级光纤链路的fs精度时钟分布

报道了一种基于光纤链路的飞秒精度的时钟分布方案。一台被动锁模的光纤飞秒激光器输出的超短脉冲序列作为主时序，通过2 km的普通单模光纤链路分发，利用平衡光学互相关技术探测传输中积累的时钟延迟误差，由光纤拉伸器和步进电机相结合在本地主动补偿，在2 h内的时钟分布稳定度优于10-18，时钟延迟标准差为1.1 fs。     

200 km沙漠链路高精度光纤时频传递关键技术研究

针对沙漠环境实地链路存在的温度变化大、室外风力、地表振动等多种复杂噪声来源,通过对系统反馈补偿带宽、反馈补偿强度、光功率等时频传递系统关键参数的优化配置,研究了不同反馈补偿参数下复杂链路噪声的有效抑制技术.全链路的频率传递稳定度8×10~(-14)@1s,1×10~(-16)@1000 s,千秒尺度下时间信号传递的时间方差仅为1.2 ps.实现了氢钟信号在200 km量级沙漠环境实地链路的无损传输.该验证实验在基于短基线干涉测量的卫星测轨系统中发挥了重要作用.     

40Gbps NRZ在基于宽带CFBG色散补偿的G.652光纤中无电中继传输500km

在基于宽带CFBG色散补偿的G.652光纤中,40Gbps NRZ码无电中继传输500km,在误码率BER=10(-10)下的功率代价约为2.2dB,积累1h的误码率为7.3×10(-12).传输系统中采用的CFBG的3dB带宽约为1.2nm,中心波长处时延纹波小于25ps,反射谱纹波小于2dB,差分群时延小于1ps....     

Joint transfer of time and frequency signals and multi-point synchronization via fiber network

A system of jointly transferring time signals with a rate of 1 pulse per second(PPS) and frequency signals of 10 MHz via a dense wavelength division multiplex-based(DWDM) fiber is demonstrated in this paper.The noises of the fiber links are suppressed and compensated for by a controlled fiber delay line.A method of calibrating and characterizing time is described.The 1PPS is synchronized by feed-forward calibrating the fiber delays precisely.The system is experimentally examined via a 110 km spooled fiber in laboratory.The frequency stabilities of the user end with compensation are1.8×10~(-14) at 1 s and 2.0×10~(-17) at 10~4 s average time.The calculated uncertainty of time synchronization is 13.1 ps,whereas the direct measurement of the uncertainty is 12 ps.Next,the frequency and 1PPS are transferred via a metropolitan area optical fiber network from one central site to two remote sites with distances of 14 km and 110 km.The frequency stabilities of 14 km link reach 3.0×10~(-14) averaged in 1 s and 1.4×10~(-17) in 10~4 s respectively;and the stabilities of 110 km link are 8.3×10~(-14) and 1.7×10~(-17),respectively.The accuracies of synchronization are estimated to be 12.3 ps for the14 km link and 13.1 ps for the 110 km link,respectively.     

Fiber-based multiple access timing signal synchronization technique

A fiber-based,multiple access timing signal synchronization scheme is demonstrated.By coupling out the bidirectional transmission signals,a highly stable timing signal can be recovered at arbitrary points along the fiber with the help of the loop delay message broadcasted via ethernet from the local module.The experiment is carried out on a 30-km fiber placed in a temperature-controlled box.In one-day period,when the round trip fiber transfer delay fluctuation is60 ns,the fluctuations of the stabilized timing signal from the download and the remote modules were only ±125 ps and±100 ps,respectively.Also,the system error caused by transmission path asymmetry and thermal drift is calibrated,and a100-ps magnitude synchronization accuracy is realized.This method could provide new insights into the construction of a fiber-based time transfer network.     

高精度光链路授时时延估算

授时系统中信号单程传输时延的估算直接影响到授时的精度, 环路时延测试是估算单程传输时延的方法之一。在光缆授时系统中光纤的色散特性将导致不同波长光信号在同一光链路中的传输时延存在差异, 基于G.652光纤的色散特性, 提出的时延差精确估算方法, 能够得到这种传输时延的差异。仿真显示来回链路工作波长在1.55 μm附近时, 此方法能够很好地补偿时延差, 从而精确估算信号传输时延。     

低纹波系数色散补偿光纤光栅的研究

介绍用扫描法研制成功的长13．5cm、带宽0．447nm、反射谱平坦的切趾啁啾光纤光栅，功率波动小于1dB，用色散分析仪测试得到时延曲线上的纹波系数小于20ps，用该光纤光栅对200km的G．652光行色散补偿，补偿量大于98％（原始脉冲宽度为36．78ps，色散补偿后的脉冲宽度为37．23ps）。     

Fiber-based joint time and frequency dissemination via star-shaped commercial telecommunication network

A fiber-based, star-shaped joint time and frequency dissemination scheme is demonstrated. By working in cooperation with the existing commercial telecommunication network. Our scheme enables the frequency, time, and digital data networks to be integrated together and could represent an ideal option of interconnection among scientific institutions.The compensation functions of the time and frequency transfer scheme are set at the client nodes. The complexity of the central node is thus reduced, and future expansion by the addition of further branches will be accomplished more easily.During a performance test in which the ambient temperature fluctuation is 30℃/day, timing signal dissemination stability is achieved to be approximately ±50 ps along 25-km-long fiber spools. After calibration, a timing signal synchronization accuracy of 100 ps is also realized. The proposed scheme offers an option of the construction of large-scale fiber-based frequency and time transfer networks.     

Compensating Large PMD by Four Free degrees in an OTDM System

In this paper, by introducing a two-stages polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD, we compensated over 270ps first-order and 2000ps2 high-order PMD in a optical fiber link with super high PMD. Our experimental results shows that, the compensators based on the two-stages of compensator can be used to PMD compensation in a 20Gb/s OTDM system with 60 km high PMD fiber. Before compensation,270ps DGD is became into max. 7ps after compensation. At simultaneity, the tunable FBG have a function of dispersion compensation.     

利用光纤激光器光谱边带效应测量光纤色散

基于被动锁模光纤激光器中色散波与孤子波的相瓦干涉产生的光谱边带效应,提出了一种测量单模光纤色散系数的方法.测量了各级边带中心波长的偏移量,利用边带偏移量与腔内总色散之间的关系,得到腔内总色散值.不同长度的同种光纤构成的环形腔,其总色散值不同,它与光纤长度的变化斜率即是待测光纤的色散系数.搭建了被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器平台,在1560 mm波段测量了G.652常规单模光纤的色散系数,实验值为16 ps/(mm·km),与典型值17 ps/(nm·km)符合得很好.     

Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in various types of optical fiber

The temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion is examined for various types of fiber. Its coefficient is found to depend strongly on the dispersion slope. Dispersion-flattened fiber has a significantly low coefficient of -0.0005(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C , compared with -0.0038(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C for large-core nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber. Transmission lines with low dispersion slopes consisting of pure silica core fiber and dispersion-compensating fiber also exhibit low coefficients of less than -0.001(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C because of their compensating effects.