增程式电动汽车动力总成参数匹配设计

增程式电动汽车作为一种新型节能环保型汽车,是传统内燃机汽车向纯电动汽车过渡的一种车型;根据动力传动系统的设计原则和设计目标,基于铃木奥拓燃油汽车改装设计了增程式电动汽车的动力传动系统的参数匹配方法,根据电动汽车基本参数及其控制目标,对动力总成系统的关键零部件进行了匹配设计;匹配结果表明:电动机的额度电压为60 V,最高转速为4 000 r/min,额定功率为8 kW,额定转矩为40.43 N·m,峰值功率为11 kW,最大扭矩为80.86 N·m;增程器采用马勒增程器和两缸直列四冲程发动机;动力电池组采用磷酸铁锂子电池,单组额定容量为80 Ah、总电压为96 V;对于指导增程式电动汽车的开发、提高汽车性能和安全性,以及对于电动汽车底盘集成控制系统的开发都具有重要的工程应用意义。     

基于中轴线像长匹配的靶场单站姿态测量方法

目前,靶场姿态测量以多台套交会测量为主,对于单站姿态测量尚没有较好的解决方案。为了解决该问题,以投影轴对称目标为例,提出了一种基于中轴线像长匹配的单站姿态测量方法。将透视投影拓展为2种等效形式,将体现目标姿态状态的中轴线向像面透视投影,可获得中轴线的投影像长或在等效物面的等效物长,根据目标中轴线的先验长度、相机内外参数及成像信息,经像长匹配即可获取目标的偏航角和俯仰角;实际工程试验验证了该算法的可行性,偏航角精度为1.7°,俯仰角精度约1°,满足靶场单站测姿需求;并对姿态测量模型关键因素进行了误差分析。该方法可适用于非投影轴对称目标。     

汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真

摘要：降低汽车空腔的振动,是抑制汽车车内噪声的有效途径之一。以激振器、作动器和控制器等为主要部件,搭建了简化的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,该系统通过将汽车空腔模型简化为板件,以减弱板件振动为目标,实现了汽车车内噪声主动控制。采用简谐正弦及余弦信号作为激振器发出的激励,用于模拟板件的初始振动,控制器通过采用模糊控制算法直接控制压电陶瓷作动器的振动,压电陶瓷作动器的振动用于抑制板件的振动,完成了汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真。仿真结果表明,研究采用的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,使汽车空腔振动降低23%,为解决由汽车发动机和动力总成的振动所引发的汽车车内噪声问题提供了一个有效途径。     

机器视觉技术在现代汽车制造中的应用综述

随着机器视觉技术的迅速发展,计算机视觉技术的快速、精确、智能等特性在现代工业的各个领域已逐渐被广泛应用,尤其是在汽车制造业。机器视觉在工业领域的三大主要应用是视觉测量、视觉引导和视觉检测。视觉测量技术通过测量产品关键尺寸、表面质量、装配效果等,可以确保出厂产品合格;视觉引导技术通过引导机器完成自动化搬运、最佳匹配装配、精确制孔等,可以显著提升制造效率和车身装配质量;视觉检测技术可以监控车身制造工艺的稳定性,同时也可以用于保证产品的完整性和可追溯性,有利于降低制造成本。可以预见,随着相机、镜头、计算机等核心硬件性能的提升,以及图像处理、深度学习等软件技术的发展,视觉技术未来在各个领域的作用将更加凸显,发展空间也更加广阔。     

混响环境下目标声场稀疏分解多域声场重放方法*

对于封闭空间内的声场重放,传统的多点声压匹配方法（Cov-PM）直接依据在目标声场测得的声压直接使用最小二乘来计算扬声器权重。然而这种方法要求较多的目标声场采样点以实现足够的精度。对于一类特殊的声场景,也就是目标声场是由少量声源辐射产生时,提出一种对目标声场稀疏分解的方法来进行混响环境下多域声场重构以降低对目标声场采样数量的要求。本文给出基于目标声场等效源稀疏分解多域重构方法（Sparse-ESM）理论推导,通过数值计算以及实验测试两种方式对比所提方法与最小二乘等效源分解方法以及Cov-PM的声场重放性能。数值结果表明,在600Hz 以上的频段,Sparse-ESM 方法的重构误差性能提升明显。实验结果也得出了与数值计算相同的结论。同时,还通过数值计算和实验测试两种方法证明了当目标声场声源方向波动时,Sparse-ESM 仍然可以保持与其余两类方法相近的声对比度同时实现较高的亮区重构精度。     

跨临界CO2热泵循环能效、经济性与环境性分析

为研究不同循环初始投资成本、生命周期成本及环境影响因子的区别,以及不同循环在不同运行工况下的性能。建立单级CO₂热泵循环(SSHP)、带回热器的单级CO₂热泵循环(SSICHP)、双级CO₂热泵循环(TSHP)、带回热器的双级CO₂热泵循环(TSICHP)的热力学、经济性和环境性模型,并建立多目标综合评价体系。结果表明：SSICHP、TSHP、TSICHP的热力学性能及环境影响因子较SSHP有所提升,双级压缩的能效比较单级压缩提高15%以上,但初始投资成本增加;在SSHP和TSHP中加入回热器后,初始投资成本分别降低2%、6.6%,生命周期成本分别降低5%、11.2%;SSICHP的经济性较好,TSICHP的能效比及环境性较好。     

考虑结合部特征的?150 mm口径反射镜模型修正

针对?150 mm口径反射镜受结合部的非线性因素影响导致结构分析模型精度较差的问题,提出了线性的动力学等效建模与参数修正方法。首先,在实际装配和约束环境下测试并获得了反射镜结构的试验模态参数。然后,根据界面结合部的动力学特征,对反射镜结构按照镜框固定连接模型、镜面螺钉夹持模型以及间隙等效模型进行了等效建模。最后,以试验模态参数为修正目标,采用优化方法对反射镜结构的动力学等效模型进行了参数修正,并采用模型分层和分步修正的思路,依据结合部特征将修正模型细分为两部分,提高模型参数的修正效率。结果表明,参数修正后的固有频率平均误差为1.5%,模态置信度均大于0.8,提升了反射镜结构的动力学模型精度,验证了线性化等效建模方法的正确性。     

光电跟踪系统计算机辅助控制实现

建立了基于数值微分的目标运动状态滤波预测模型,用s-函数实现了卡尔曼滤波预测算法。利用目标位置拟合方法给出角位置信息,并以此为观测信息通过卡尔曼滤波预测出当前角位置和角速度信息,将其引入跟踪控制系统中以克服脱靶量滞后问题,同时也实现了系统的等效复合控制。仿真结果表明,基于数值微分的模型适用于角度跟踪,滤波预测具有较好的鲁棒性。通过对两个不同等效正弦输入的验证,可知角位置合成精度对共轴跟踪影响较大,在脱靶量和跟踪架角位置采样匹配对应时,跟踪仿真精度较高,而对等效复合控制跟踪误差影响较小,输入信号角频率增大时误差增大。     

地基大口径红外光电设备快速辐射定标EI北大核心CSCD

在地基大口径红外光电设备的多目标分时观测中,为了消除环境因素对系统绝对辐射响应度的影响,在观测间歇快速地完成红外光电设备的辐射定标,研究了快速辐射定标方法。建立了定标实验的数学模型,确定了实验流程;以标准红外自然星为辐射定标源对红外光电设备的绝对辐射响应度进行了定标,并测量了大气透射率;对已知辐射照度的自然星进行观测,并通过定标实验得到的参数进行反演计算。数据表明,基于快速辐射定标方法的目标辐射照度反演最大相对误差为18.93%,定标实验占用时间约为4 min。作为对比,基于面源黑体定标光学系统并应用Modtran软件计算大气透射率的传统方法,反演最大相对误差为28.74%,定标实验占用时间约为17 min。结果表明,与传统方法相比,快速辐射定标方法的实验占用时间显著缩短,目标反演误差明显降低;系统不需要匹配面源黑体,大幅降低了成本。     

内燃机余热利用分流二氧化碳动力循环热匹配研究

二氧化碳动力循环在高效利用内燃机多股余热方面具有很大潜力,基于换热器分流的设计能够显著改善内燃机排气的利用情况。但是,当前研究仍缺少完善的热匹配性及参数分析,来综合权衡基于换热器的分流设计思路带来的热力学性能改变。因此,本文以热源理想匹配过程定义等效比定压热容物性作为出发点,阐述分流设计对于温度匹配机制的影响。结果发现了理想比热具有独特的双峰特性,而分流设计能够有效匹配双峰特性,显著改善外部热源利用率和内部热匹配性,继而提高系统净输出功。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.