一种基于自由曲面的LED准直透镜设计

提出一种能实现准直光束照明的自由曲面透镜设计算法,并基于此算法设计一种以单颗LED为光源的准直透镜。通过建立透镜后表面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的方程,利用迭代方法并结合Matlab编程求出自由曲面轮廓曲线的离散数据点,将数据点导入SolidWorks中进行曲线拟合并建模,进而得到透镜的实体模型。在TracePro中对该透镜进行非序列光线追迹,模拟结果表明:该光学系统能够实现均匀照明,并对最终光线可实现准直出射。     

基于双自由曲面的LED均匀照明准直透镜设计

基于几何光学、能量守恒定律及菲涅耳定律等相关理论,提出了一种双自由曲面半导体发光二极管(LED)准直透镜的光学设计方法,并给出了构建准直透镜模型详细的算法设计。自由曲面是一种关于中心轴旋转对称的曲面,该曲面的二维轮廓在非均匀有理B样条曲线的方法理论基础上,采用ProE软件搭建而成。通过蒙特卡罗光线追迹模拟发现,相比传统的单自由曲面准直透镜,双自由曲面准直透镜不仅提高了照度均匀性,而且在能量利用率上也有显著的提高。研究结果表明,采用双自由曲面将大大提升准直透镜的设计空间,改善LED透镜的光学性能。     

与LED发光面平行平面上多向准直光束的研究

提出发光二极管(LED)多向准直透镜的设计方法,利用多个自由曲面的全反射实现多向准直。基于LED的朗伯型配光展开研究,采用光学透镜配光,运用Matlab软件进行数值计算,得到自由曲面上的多个点坐标值,结合3D软件及TracePro设计出多向准直透镜。所得多向准直光束在同一个平面,该平面与LED发光面平行,各准直光束发散角均仅约3°。     

基于新型LED准直系统的自由曲面均匀照明设计

根据非成像光学理论,提出了一种基于准直系统的自由曲面设计方法。以几何光学为理论基础,设计了一种关于中心轴旋转对称的新型发光二极管(LED)准直系统。准直系统的集光角约为236°,出射光半发光角度小于1°。基于几何光学和能量守恒定律,在准直系统的出射平面上设计了自由曲面,并给出了"多对一"的能量拓扑关系和均匀矩形光斑的照明设计方法。借助Matlab软件,对自由曲面的面型数据进行求解,并在曲线曲面的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的理论基础上,采用SolidWorks软件搭建模型,并通过光学设计软件LightTools进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明:新型准直系统能够实现大角度光线的准直,基于准直系统的自由曲面设计方法实现了均匀的矩形光斑。     

基于表面微结构的超薄背光模组透镜设计

根据全反射原理设计了一款基于表面微结构的超薄透镜，由自由曲面将光源出射的光线进行准直，随后利用微米级表面微结构将准直光线反射到底部，再配合底部的反射膜将光线进行二次反射，从而能够在较小的混光距离（OD）下有效增大光斑尺寸。利用边缘光线原理，改善了扩展光源下光线经自由曲面后准直性劣化问题。仿真结果表明，该透镜应用于超薄背光模组时，能够在OD为3 mm、距离-高度比（DHR）为15 mm的3×3阵列下获得82%的均匀性，相比传统双自由曲面透镜均匀性提升40.7%。该透镜设计方法简单，避免了双自由曲面透镜尺寸较小时加工误差的影响，无需后期大量复杂的优化工作，具有较大的实际应用价值。     

基于自由曲面透镜的三基色LED照明系统研究

基于三基色发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)与方棒的投影照明系统具有色域宽、体积小的优点，但三基色LED和方棒配合使用时，存在投影亮度不高的问题。首先基于光学扩展量匹配原则选择了LED光源，然后设计了一组自由曲面的准直透镜和收集透镜。仿真结果表明:准直透镜出射光线集中在±7.5°内，方棒出射端±30°内的能量利用率为51.7%。实际加工并测试了设计的自由曲面准直透镜和收集透镜。测试结果表明:采用本文设计的没有镀减反增透膜的透镜组，投影机出射亮度比原使用镀了增透减反膜的透镜的系统高1.6%。预计设计的透镜镀减反增透膜后投影机出射亮度有望提升9.8%。     

光谱仪光源双光束准直的自由曲面透镜

为了使光谱仪在分辨率基本不变的同时增宽工作光谱范围,利用非成像原理设计了自由曲面透镜,将光源发出的宽工作谱段的光束准直为两束波长不同、方向不同的平行光,实现探测器上光谱的折叠分布.首先,根据两束入射光线经自由曲面折射前、后的矢量关系,建立自由曲面上点坐标的一阶偏微分方程组;然后,采用Runge-Kutta法对偏微分方程组进行数值差分求解,得到自由曲面离散采样点,进而构建得到自由曲面透镜,将自有曲面透镜导入ZEMAX软件中对光源的双光束准直进行模拟,在Tracepro软件中进行光线追迹分析其照度分布;最后,将自由曲面透镜应用于近红外光谱仪中,将波段为800~2 400 nm的光源准直为两束波长分别为800~1 600 nm和1600~2 400 nm的方向不同的平行光束,经单个光栅色散后由成像透镜组成像在探测器表面,形成两组相互平行且首尾相连的折叠光谱,光谱仪的分辨率优于10 nm.结果表明,采用该自由曲面透镜可以同时实现光谱仪的高分辨率和宽工作光谱范围,且使光谱仪的结构更加紧凑.     

基于COB LED的均匀光强分布可见光通信系统发射端的光学设计

针对光线在大角度偏转时菲涅耳损耗大、光强均匀性差等问题,提出了基于最优双偏转能量映射和贝塞尔曲线多参数优化的双自由曲面透镜设计算法,并利用该算法设计了基于板上芯片型(COB)发光二极管(LED)的双自由曲面透镜,该透镜可应用于可见光通信系统的光学发射端。以大面积发光面的COB LED作为光源,通过控制自由曲面透镜内外两个表面上的入射光线偏转角的比例关系(即偏转系数),可降低菲涅耳损耗。构建了出光角分别为180°和260°的大角度均匀光强分布的双自由曲面透镜,其光强均匀度分别为0.92和0.90,其光能利用率分别为89.4%和85.9%。将单自由曲面透镜和双自由曲面透镜的光学性能作对比,结果表明,单自由曲面透镜可实现出光角范围为120°~180°、光强均匀度超过0.85以及光能利用率超过85%的光分布,双自由曲面透镜在达到同样的光强均匀度和光能利用率时,可实现出光角范围为100°~260°之间的均匀光强分布。因此,利用双自由曲面透镜能够实现更大范围出光角的均匀光强分布,从而满足可见光通信系统的光学发射端的光分布要求。     

双自由曲面LED均匀照明准直透镜设计

为了克服传统LED准直器在近场难以实现均匀照明的缺陷,设计了一种双自由曲面均匀照明准直透镜.透镜分为折反两部分,每部分都利用双自由曲面进行匀光和准直.根据马吕斯定律,推导了实现光束准直出射的等光程方程,并将切面迭代法加入等光程条件,同步计算准直透镜上下自由曲面的面形数据.仿真分析表明:对1mm×1mm的白光LED芯片,84.55%的能量集中在±2°内,近场照度均匀性达到94.59%,远场照度均匀性为89.01%;当LED芯片尺寸不超过2.0mm×2.0mm时,±4°内的能量利用率大于83.5%,近场照度均匀性在90%以上.该准直透镜能同时实现近场和远场的均匀照明,公差符合装配要求,光能利用率高.     

基于全内反射结构的多自由曲面准直透镜设计

为了有效地收集半导体发光二极管大范围的出射光以实现光能的高效利用,设计一款基于全内反射结构的多个自由曲面准直透镜,该透镜的初始结构是根据Snell定律和能量守恒定律等光学原理的算法设计而成。将该透镜的初始结构导入Creo软件中并进行360°旋转以得到3D实体模型,将其转入TracePro光学软件中进行蒙特卡洛光线追迹的模拟,在距离接收板20 m处接收到一个圆形光斑。对该透镜模型进行法矢修正,优化后的透镜经过模拟仿真,透射能力高达182 cd/lm,光束角为±1.621°。将优化后的透镜与传统的全内反射结构透镜进行对比,经验证发现优化后的透镜对窄光束的调控能力更好。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.