1×|N 信道聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列的开关特性

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出了一个完善合理的聚合物微环谐振器电光开关阵列模型.该器件由1条水平信道、N条竖直信道和N个微环构成,在微环上施加不同方式的驱动电压,可以实现N＋1条信道的开关功能.以1×8信道结构为例,在1 550 nm谐振波长下对该器件进行了优化设计和模拟分析.其结果是：微环波导芯的截面尺寸为1.7×1.7 μm2,波导芯与电极间的缓冲层厚度为2.5 μm,电极厚度为0.2 μm,微环半径为13.76 μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.14 μm,输出光谱的3 dB带宽约为0.05 nm,开关电压约为12.6 V,插入损耗约为0.67~1.26 dB,串扰小于－20 dB,开关时间约为11.35 ps.     

基于微环谐振腔的可调谐滤波器的研究

采用深紫外光刻及等离子体刻蚀等工艺制备基于绝缘体上硅材料的环形滤波器,且微环半径仅为5μm。制备基于单微环的4通道光分插复用器,器件尺寸仅为3000μm×500μm。测试结果表明,该器件可以很好地实现上下载功能。其自由频谱宽度约为19.6 nm,最大消光比为19.76 d B。同时优化设计制备基于跑道型双微环可调谐光分插复用器。对这两种结构的光分插复用器的相邻信道间串扰进行测试,基于单微环滤波器和跑道型双微环滤波器的信道间最大串扰分别为-11.94 d B和-20.04 d B。所设计的基于双微环光分插复用器上下载通道与主信道间没有交叉波导结构,因此相邻通道串扰明显低于单环型的光分插复用器。同时设计并制备基于双微环PIN结型电光调制器。当偏置电压增加到1.6 V时,谐振峰发生0.78 nm的蓝移,并对测试结果进行分析。     

基于绝缘硅的微环谐振可调谐滤波器

采用电子束光刻和感应耦合等离子刻蚀等工艺,研制了一种基于绝缘硅材料的的微环谐振可调谐滤波器.滤波器微环半径为5μm左右,波导截面尺寸为(350～500 nm)×220 nm不等.测试结果表明,波导宽度为450 nm时器件性能最为理想,其自由频谱宽度为16.8 nm,1.55μm波长附近的消光比为22.1 dB.通过对微...     

聚合物微环电光开关的模拟和优化

利用耦合模理论、电光调制理论和微环谐振理论,提出一个完善合理的聚合物微环电光开关的器件模型,并给出了可用以分析微环谐振过程的光强传递函数,据此在谐振波长1 550 nm下对该器件进行了模拟和优化.结果表明：微环波导芯截面尺寸为1.8×1.8 μm2,波导芯与电极间的限制层厚度为1.1 μm,电极厚度为0.15 μm,微环半径为15.2 μm,微环与信道间的耦合间距为0.16 μm,光绕微环转300 圈即可形成稳定的谐振状态,此时的谐振时间约为147.4 ps.不加电压时,下信道的插入损耗约为0.8 dB,上信道的串扰约为－26 dB;当取工作电压等于19.7 V为开关电压时,上信道的插入损耗约为0.34 dB,下信道的串扰约为－20 dB.     

波长选择性平行耦合微环谐振四端口光路由

利用四个平行耦合单环谐振器作为基本路由单元,数值模拟了一种可路由三种信道波长的四端口光路由器.为了实现单模传输、低传输损耗以及微环波导和信道波导的相位匹配,优化了基本路由单元的结构参量.给出了路由器的器件架构和设计方法,计算了链路光谱、插入损耗、串扰等路由特性.在选定的三个信道波长(1550、1551.6、1553.2 nm)下,器件沿不同路径的插入损耗范围为0.02～0.6 dB,器件串扰的范围为-23.41～-37.71 dB.与具有相同波导参量的基于交叉耦合双环谐振器的四端口光路由器相比,该四端口光路由器在串扰和波长选择性方面略显不足,但其使用的微环数量由8个降低为4个,插入损耗由1.62 dB降低为0.02 dB.     

波长选择性平行耦合微环谐振四端口光路由（英文）

利用四个平行耦合单环谐振器作为基本路由单元,数值模拟了一种可路由三种信道波长的四端口光路由器.为了实现单模传输、低传输损耗以及微环波导和信道波导的相位匹配,优化了基本路由单元的结构参量.给出了路由器的器件架构和设计方法,计算了链路光谱、插入损耗、串扰等路由特性.在选定的三个信道波长(1 550、1 551.6、1 553.2nm)下,器件沿不同路径的插入损耗范围为0.02~0.6dB,器件串扰的范围为-23.41~-37.71dB.与具有相同波导参量的基于交叉耦合双环谐振器的四端口光路由器相比,该四端口光路由器在串扰和波长选择性方面略显不足,但其使用的微环数量由8个降低为4个,插入损耗由1.62dB降低为0.02dB.     

可调谐光子晶体微环腔型光分叉复用器的设计*

提出了一种基于二维光子晶体微环腔的新型光分叉复用器,并可以通过改变环区的硅介质柱的折射率实现波长调谐.运用经典的微环自由光谱范围FSR和微环半径R的关系,证实新型的光子晶体微环腔也满足该关系.利用二维时域有限差分法系统分析了下路信号波长及相应效率随折射率的变化关系.结果表明,只需改变环区折射率0.005,下路波长就可以漂移1 nm,而有效微环半径还不足1.4 μm.     

一种热光可调谐级联微环滤波器的理论分析

根据Vernier效应可大幅度提高滤波器自由光谱范围和调谐范围,设计了一种热光可调谐级联微环滤波器. 利用传输矩阵方法和有限元方法从理论上计算了对于第一级微环半径为48 μm,第二级半径为50 μm的级联微环滤波器的自由光谱范围和调谐范围可以达到75.6 nm,而功耗仅为103.1 mW,这是目前为止我们 所知的基于微环谐振腔的硅基热光可调谐滤波器中最大的自由光谱范围和在如此低功耗下最大的调谐范围. 利用有限元方法,还计算了半径为50 μm微环的热光调谐响应时间,上升沿时间为3.5 μs,下降沿时间仅为0.8 μs.     

波导侧壁起伏对聚酰亚胺波导光学梳状滤波器串扰特性的影响及其改善方法

提出了一种结构模型来分析由工艺引起的波导侧壁起伏对于聚合物波导光学梳状滤波器的滤波特性的影响。含氟聚酰亚胺高分子聚合物制备多级马赫一曾德尔串联型光学梳状滤波器件的工作参量为中心波长1550nm,波长间隔为0．8nm,40通道的波长交错分离。模拟计算：表明,对由高分子聚合物材料制备的多级马赫-曾德尔串联型光学梳状滤波器件,其主要影响是增大了信道之间的串扰,中心波长1550nm处的信道串扰由理想情况下的-40dB降为-12dB,极大地影响了器件的性能。在此基础上,提出一种改善光学梳状滤波器串扰性能的新结构,该结构由多级马赫-曾德尔耦合器和微环共振滤波器串接构成,40个通道的串扰改善为-0dB以下。     

一种带有U形波导的交叉信道单微环电光开关

本文利用耦合模理论,电光调制理论和传输矩阵法,提出了一个带有U形波导的交叉信道单微环电光开关的器件模型,并在谐振波长为1561 nm的情况下对该器件进行了仿真计算.结果表明,该电光开关的开关电压约为400 V,串扰小于-30 dB,插入损耗小于4 dB,开关时间仅为5.4 ps,其中微环上的上升和下降时间仅为0.32 ps.此外,该电光开关由单刀双掷开关控制,通过在微环和U形波导上加载驱动电压可实现三种开关状态,不仅可以实现光信号在两条输出信道的选择,还可以使两条信道同时有光信号输出.     

Analysis for fabrication errors of arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers

Based on the transmission theory, parameter optimization is performed, and effects of fabrication errors on transmission characteristics are analyzed for a 33×33 polymer arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer around the central wavelength of 1550.918 nm with the wavelength spacing of 0.8 nm. Simulated results show that fabrication errors result in the shift of the transmission spectrum, and lead to the increase of the crosstalk compared with the device theoretically designed. Furthermore, accumulation and compensation of fabrication errors are investigated. In order to realize the normal demultiplexing of the fabricated AWG device, the allowed fabrication errors are discussed.     

Compact four-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer using silicon photonic wire

We designed and fabricated a four-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on silicon photonic wire waveguide, which is controlled through the thermo-optic effect. The effective footprint of the device is about 1000 × 500 μm². The minimum insertion loss including the transmission loss and coupling loss is about 10.7 dB. The tuning bandwidth is about 17 nm, the average tuning efficiency about 6.11 mW/nm and the tuning speed about 24.5 kHz.     

Multichannel silicon WDM ring filters fabricated with DUV lithography

We have fabricated 9-channel silicon wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) ring filters using 193 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography and investigated the spectral properties of the ring filters by comparing the transmission spectra with and without an upper cladding. The average channel-spacing of the 9-channel WDM ring filter with a polymeric upper cladding is measured about 1.86 nm with the standard deviation of the channel-spacing about 0.34 nm. The channel crosstalk is about −30 dB, and the minimal drop loss is about 2 dB.     

32-channel arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer using low loss fluorinated polymer operating around 1550 nm

A 32 × 32 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer operating around the 1550 nm wavelength has been designed and fabricated using highly fluorinated polyethers. The propagation loss of the slab waveguide is about 0.3 dB/cm at 1550 nm wavelength. The channel spacing of the AWG multiplexer is 0.8 nm (100 GHz). The insertion loss of the multiplexer is 10.3-15.3 dB and the crosstalk is less than −20 dB.     

Design and characterization of arrayed waveguide gratings using ultra-low loss Si3N4 waveguides

Planar waveguides with ultra-low propagation loss are necessary for integrating optoelectronic systems that require long optical time delay or narrowband optical filters. In this paper, we review an ultra-low loss planar waveguide platform that uses thin (<150 nm) Si₃N₄ cores and thick (>8 μm) SiO₂ cladding layers. In particular, we discuss the performance of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) fabricated with the platform. We propose the use of a practical design method that takes the statistical nature of worst-case crosstalk into account. We also demonstrate the measurement of amplitude and phase error distributions in an AWG using an optical backscatter reflectometer. We show that the waveguides have phase errors small enough to achieve AWG crosstalk below ?30 dB, while crosstalk below ?40 dB should also be possible with optimization of the component design.     

CMOS—compatible reconfigurable microring demultiplexer with doped silicon slab heater

We present a 1×4 reconfigurable demultiplexer based on cascaded silicon microring resonators. The device is fabricated on a 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. A homogeneous doped silicon slab heater is proposed and fabricated directly on the slab region of the microring resonator for thermal tuning. The flows of the heating currents in the heaters are parallel to the ring waveguide through the heavily doped slab regions located on both sides of the ring waveguide without through the waveguide core regions. The proposed doped heaters are experimentally verified with low-voltage operation and tuning efficiency of ～77 pm/mW. Without any tuning or trimming, predicted average channel spacing distribution in the whole free spectral range (FSR) is demonstrated. Full reconfigurability is also demonstrated in the demultiplexer with channel spacing of 2 nm (250 GHz) and 1 nm (125 GHz), corresponding to channel isolation of less than ?21 dB and ?16 dB, respectively. Such a low-voltage operation and reconfigurable demultiplexer is suitable for on-chip optical interconnect.     

Investigation of 2D-photonic crystal resonant cavity based WDM demultiplexer

In this attempt, Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal (2DPC) Quasi Square Ring Resonator (QSRR) based four channel demultiplexer is proposed and designed for Wavelength Division Multiplexing systems. The performance parameters of the demultiplexer such as transmission efficiency, passband width, line spacing, Q factor and crosstalk are investigated. The proposed demultiplexer is composed of bus waveguide, drop waveguide and QSRR. In the proposed demultiplexer, the output ports are arranged separately in odd and even number, where an odd number of ports are located on the right side and even number of ports are located on the left side of the bus waveguide that are used to reduce the channel interference or crosstalk. Further, the refractive index of rods around the center rod is increased linearly one to another in order to improve the signal quality. The resonant wavelengths of the proposed demultiplexer are of 1521.1?nm, 1522.0?nm, 1523.2?nm and 1524.3?nm, respectively. The footprint of the device is of 180.96?μm². Then, a four channel point to point network is designed and the proposed four channel demultiplexer is implemented by replacing a conventional demultiplexer. Finally, functional parameters of the network, namely, BER, receiver sensitivity and Q factor are estimated by varying the link distance. This attempt could create new dimensions of research in the domain of photonic networks.     

Crosstalk analysis of silicon-on-insulator nanowire-arrayed waveguide grating

The factors influencing the crosstalk of silicon-on-insulator(SOI) nanowire arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) are analyzed using the transfer function method. The analysis shows that wider and thicker arrayed waveguides, outsider fracture of arrayed waveguide, and larger channel space, could mitigate the deterioration of crosstalk. The SOI nanowire AWGs with different arrayed waveguide widths are fabricated by using deep ultraviolet lithography(DUV) and inductively coupled plasma etching(ICP) technology. The measurement results show that the crosstalk performance is improved by about 7 d B through adopting 800 nm arrayed waveguide width.     

Fabrication of Triplexers Based on Flattop SOI AWG

A triplexer is fabricated based on SOI arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths of the triplexer operate at different diffraction orders of an arrayed waveguide grating. The signals of 1490nm and 1550nm, which are input from central input waveguide of an AWG, are demultiplexed and the signal of 131Onto, which is input from central output waveguide of an AWG, is uploaded. The tested results show that the downloaded and uploaded signals have fiat-top response. The insertion loss is 9 dB on chip, the nonadjacent crosstalk is less than -30 dB for 1490nm and 1301 nm, and is less than -25 dB for 1550nm, the 3dB bandwidth equates that of the input light source.