蓝色蛇纹石玉的谱学特征

近期在玉石市场上出现了一种名为“天青冻”的蓝色蛇纹石玉,为蛇纹石玉的一个新品种。采用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪和X射线粉晶衍射仪分析其结构特征、化学和矿物组成,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对其谱学特征进行研究。结果表明蛇纹石呈叶片状交织成毛毡状结构,并含有菱面体状的杂质矿物白云石。同时,X射线衍射谱2.53 Å(d₂₀₂),1.56 Å(d₀₆₂)和1.54 Å(d₀₆₀)的特征衍射峰以及红外吸收光谱中3 673,997和641 cm-1的特征吸收峰表明其属叶蛇纹石,1 098和1 086 cm-1的特征拉曼峰指示了白云石和方解石的存在,这与其形成于SiO₂热液交代白云岩的成矿环境相关。化学分析表明蓝色蛇纹石玉中的Fe元素含量较其他常见蛇纹石玉低。紫外可见吸收光谱中Fe2+→Fe3+电荷转移引起的强630 nm吸收带致其蓝色,Fe2+→Fe3+电荷转移引起的724 nm弱吸收带会导致其产生绿色调, 而由Fe2+和Fe3+自旋禁戒跃迁分别导致的537和488 nm弱吸收带对颜色影响较小。     

CO2矿物碳酸化隔离的理论研究

矿物碳酸化是一种很有潜力的CO2地质隔离储存技术.在缺乏反应动力学参数的条件下,矿物碳酸化理论及热力学分析有助于了解CO2矿物碳酸化反应进程并确定反应发生的温度与压力区间.本文从热力学角度研究结果表明,CO2可以与部分硅酸盐矿物进行碳酸化反应得到碳酸盐和二氧化硅.相对于干法碳酸化,湿法碳酸化具有高反应速率和低能耗等优点.硅酸盐矿石的溶解与溶液中的HCO3-浓度有关,反应开始前溶液中加入一定量的碳酸氢盐能够促进硅酸盐矿石的溶解.CO2矿物化隔离,硅灰石优于蛇纹石,蛇纹石优于镁橄榄石.在温度低于500K及较高的反应压力范围内,CO2矿物碳酸化具有商业化应用潜力.     

Mg∶Fe∶LiNbO_3晶体的生长及光学性能研究

在Fe∶LiNbO3中掺进MgO和Fe2 O3以提拉技术生长Mg∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体 对晶体进行极化和还原处理 测试晶体的吸收光谱 ,Mg∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体吸收边相对Fe∶LiNbO3晶体发生紫移 测试晶体的红外光谱 ,Mg∶(5mol % )Fe∶LiNbO3晶体OH 吸收峰由Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的 3482cm- 1移到35 34cm- 1 采用锂空位模型阐述Mg∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体 ,吸收边和OH- 吸收峰移动的机理 测试晶体的抗光致散射能力 Mg∶(5mol% )Fe∶LiNbO3晶体抗光致散射能力比Fe∶LiNbO3晶体提高一个数量级以上 测试晶体的衍射效率和响应时间 Mg∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体响应速度比Fe∶LiNbO3晶体提高四倍     

广西黑青色阳起石玉振动光谱特征研究

选取产自广西大化瑶族自治县岩滩镇的黑青色阳起石玉为研究对象,采用电子探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和激光拉曼光谱仪就其化学成分和振动光谱特征进行测试分析,并对小半径金属阳离子在阳起石晶体结构中的占位情况予以讨论。结果表明,广西黑青色阳起石玉的主要矿物组成为富铁阳起石,并含有少量铁阳起石;化学成分中的高含量FeO_T(Wt%：18.596%~26.791%)是导致其折射率值(1.64)、密度值(3.12 g·cm-3)偏高且在自然光下呈黑色、透射光下呈绿色的主要原因。受晶体结构中Fe2+对Mg2+的类质同象替代作用影响,广西黑青色阳起石玉1 400~400 cm-1范围内的红外吸收谱带与100~1 200 cm-1范围内的拉曼谱峰位置较透闪石向低频区发生偏移,频差不等;且中红外、近红外吸收光谱和拉曼光谱中均可见四个(MgMgMg)OH(A带),(MgMgFe2+)OH(B带),(MgFe2+Fe2+)OH(C带)和(Fe2+Fe2+Fe2+)OH(D带)振动谱带,其中基频振动谱带分别位于3 674,3 660,3 644和3 625 cm-1附近,倍频振动谱带分别位于7 183,7 154,7 118和7 077 cm-1附近,相对强度为A＜D＜B＜C。化学成分和M-OH红外振动谱带积分面积计算结果显示广西黑青色阳起石玉晶体结构中Mg2+优先占据M₂位置,Fe2+优先占据M₁位置;Mg2+和Fe2+在M₁和M₃位置上的分布相对有序,占位系数接近于1。综合分析认为广西黑青色阳起石玉的变质程度属绿片岩相范畴。     

Mg2+对Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的作用和影响

在Ce(0.1wt%):Fe(0.08wt%):LN中掺进摩尔分数为（0.2%,0.4%,0.6%）的MgO,采用提拉法生长Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体.测试晶体的吸收光谱,Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体的吸收边相对Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体发生紫移,Mg(6%):Ce:Fe:LN晶体OH－吸收峰移到3 532 cm－1,研究OH－吸收峰移动机理.以二波耦合光路测试Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体的指数增益系数和响应时间,发现Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶片厚度减小时指数增益系数显著增加.首次采用光爬行效应解释指数增益系数增加机理.     

高温高压合成翡翠的谱学特征初探

通过电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射、傅里叶变化红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱和光致发光光谱对合成翡翠矿物谱学特征及呈色机理进行系统的测试与分析。研究结果显示,合成翡翠与天然翡翠外观、矿物成分、拉曼光谱及光致发光光谱表征基本一致,但红外吸收光谱、紫外光谱以及化学成分均出现较为明显的差异,具体表现为:较低的Fe含量导致可见光区域内437nm吸收谱带缺失;由于微量元素的含量和形成环境差异,导致红外光谱表征中ν(M/Cr—O)和ν_(as)(M—OH)伸缩振动所致的红外吸收谱带表征出与天然翡翠较大的差异。     

基于p-FTIR和p-XRF测试组合的大汶口文化蛇纹石质玉器无损检测及产地溯源分析

出土玉器溯源是探索华夏玉器文明起源与演化的关键所在,无损测试技术的进步推动了学术界对出土玉器产地溯源的研究,但至今为止,无损技术仍然是制约出土玉器溯源研究的瓶颈所在。利用便携红外光谱（portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,p-FTIR, 带漫反射附件）+ 便携X射线荧光光谱（portable X-ray flourescence, p-XRF）技术组合对山东省文物与考古研究院发掘的大汶口文化出土蛇纹石质玉器的物相和化学组成进行了无损测试以及出土玉器产地溯源的探索。测试结果显示,大汶口文化的蛇纹石玉存在两种成因类型,其中7件玉器（M1005:3,M1006:4,M1013:12,M20:30,M11,T333:2B①：2,M49:04）属于超基性岩型,Fe,Cr和Ni含量较高,含较多磁铁矿包体,磁性较强,Cr/Ni值小于1且多数小于0.7,与现代泰山玉的产地特征基本一致,最大可能就地取材于附近的泰山山麓,为泰山玉的使用时间提前到5500年前的大汶口文化时期提供了重要的科学依据。另外4件玉器（M2004:1、B型环、M25：26、M26）具有低Fe,Cr和Ni含量,为富镁碳酸盐接触交代变质类型,其来源有待进一步研究确认。上述研究结果确认p-FTIR和p-XRF结合能够实现对考古现场及馆藏多数未知玉器材料的快速鉴定,具有无需制样、矿物类型和元素组成可相互验证、无荧光干扰等优点,对部分特定类型的蛇纹石质出土玉器/材料可进行产地来源分析,是一种有优势的出土玉器无损测试技术组合。     

煤燃烧中无机矿物向颗粒物的转化规律

为深入理解燃煤颗粒物的形成机理,利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术对煤及其颗粒物中的无机矿物进行了详细表征,研究了煤燃烧过程中主要矿物向颗粒物的转化规律.结果表明煤中粘土矿物由于含有K、Na、Ca、Mg和Fe等杂质元素,容易在较低温度下发生熔融和聚合,从而使颗粒粒径变大.黄铁矿在燃烧中易发生分解、破碎而使颗粒粒径减小,Fe氧化物与硅酸盐发生反应形成富Fe硅酸盐.方解石和铁白云石在高温条件下分解生成对应的氧化物,也可与硅酸盐发生反应形成富Ca或富Fe硅酸盐.石膏在燃烧过程中会经历脱水和分解反应,生成的CaO可与SO3和熔融硅酸盐发生竞争反应.     

硫化物矿床断层微粒的红外光谱分析

前人的研究着重于断层活动对矿体空间位置的改造或成矿方面,忽视了硫化物矿石及其围岩在断层活动过程中形成微粒的研究。文章采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜分析硫化物矿床断层微粒,结果表明,样品主要由含水硫酸钙、含水硫碳酸钙、石英、绢云母和有机质组成。其中含水硫碳酸钙是新发现的矿物。这反映在断层活动过程中,硫化物矿物中的S2-发生了氧化转变为S6+,形成含水硫酸钙,或者含水硫碳酸钙矿物。研究结果不仅可应用于该类型矿床找矿勘探,而且对于矿石利用等方面也是有意义的。另外,文章还讨论了含水硫酸钙、含水硫碳酸钙的红外光谱鉴定特征,提出红外光谱分析技术十分适合断层活动形成的含水硫酸钙和含水硫碳酸钙微粒的分析。     

俄罗斯“绿龙晶”的成分和结构特征研究

随着近几年文玩市场的兴起,"绿龙晶"成为人们喜爱的一类新兴的宝玉石品种。目前对于"绿龙晶"的主要矿物组成的认识仍存分歧。采用常规宝石学仪器测试、电子探针、红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射测试方法对产自俄罗斯的"绿龙晶"玉的基本性质、化学成分、红外吸收光谱及矿物组成特征等进行了较为详细的研究分析。结果显示:俄罗斯"绿龙晶"玉主要为深绿至灰绿色,表面具有特殊的放射状花纹及典型的丝绢光泽,折射率约为1.57,密度为2.61g·cm-3。"绿龙晶"中SiO2的含量为36.177%~36.651%,MgO含量为36.439%~36.730%,Al2O3含量为11.961%~12.318%,FeO含量为2.304%~2.853%,具富镁贫铁特点。样品中Al/(Al+Mg+Fe)为0.185 3~0.215 9,推测其为镁铁质岩蚀变成因。样品中的Si=3.10~3.40,Fe~(2+)/R~(2+)=0~0.024 8,属叶绿泥石类型。"绿龙晶"的红外吸收光谱为特征的绿泥石振动谱峰,高频区3 673cm~(-1)附近的吸收峰为OH伸缩振动所致,1 400cm~(-1)附近吸收峰属OH弯曲频率,1 000cm~(-1)附近的三个吸收峰由Si—O伸缩振动致,400~600cm~(-1)之间的吸收谱带属于Si—O弯曲振动。其中中频区1 000cm~(-1)附近分裂的三个吸收峰1 051,1 006和968cm~(-1)可作为鉴定其为叶绿泥石的关键证据。X射线粉晶衍射分析结果与化学成分及红外吸收光谱分析结果一致,显示"绿龙晶"中的主要组成矿物为叶绿泥石,非斜绿泥石。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.