基于p-FTIR和p-XRF测试组合的大汶口文化蛇纹石质玉器无损检测及产地溯源分析

出土玉器溯源是探索华夏玉器文明起源与演化的关键所在，无损测试技术的进步推动了学术界对出土玉器产地溯源的研究，但至今为止，无损技术仍然是制约出土玉器溯源研究的瓶颈所在。利用便携红外光谱（portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，p-FTIR, 带漫反射附件）+ 便携X射线荧光光谱（portable X-ray flourescence, p-XRF）技术组合对山东省文物与考古研究院发掘的大汶口文化出土蛇纹石质玉器的物相和化学组成进行了无损测试以及出土玉器产地溯源的探索。测试结果显示，大汶口文化的蛇纹石玉存在两种成因类型，其中7件玉器（M1005:3，M1006:4，M1013:12，M20:30，M11，T333:2B①：2，M49:04）属于超基性岩型，Fe，Cr和Ni含量较高，含较多磁铁矿包体，磁性较强，Cr/Ni值小于1且多数小于0.7，与现代泰山玉的产地特征基本一致，最大可能就地取材于附近的泰山山麓，为泰山玉的使用时间提前到5500年前的大汶口文化时期提供了重要的科学依据。另外4件玉器（M2004:1、B型环、M25：26、M26）具有低Fe，Cr和Ni含量，为富镁碳酸盐接触交代变质类型，其来源有待进一步研究确认。上述研究结果确认p-FTIR和p-XRF结合能够实现对考古现场及馆藏多数未知玉器材料的快速鉴定，具有无需制样、矿物类型和元素组成可相互验证、无荧光干扰等优点，对部分特定类型的蛇纹石质出土玉器/材料可进行产地来源分析，是一种有优势的出土玉器无损测试技术组合。

Nondestructive Testing and Origin Traceability of Serpentine Jade From Dawenkou Culture Based on p-FTIR and p-XRF

Tracing the origin of unearthed jade is one of the keys to exploring Chinese jade civilization’s origin and evolution. The progress of non-destructive testing technology has promoted the research on tracing the origin of unearthed jade in academic circles, but so far, non-destructive technology is still the bottleneck restricting the research on tracing the origin of unearthed jade. In this paper, the combination of portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (p-FTIR) and portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (p-XRF), were used to study the mineral phase and chemical composition of serpentine jade from Dawenkou Culture excavated by the Shandong Institute of Cultural relics and Archaeology. The results show that there are two genetic types of unearthed serpentine jade in Dawenkou Culture. Seven serpentine jades (M1005:3, M1006:4, M1013:12, M20:30, M11, T333:2B①:2, M49:04) belong to ultrabasic rock type. They have high contents of Fe, Cr and Ni, and contain more magnetite inclusions with strong magnetism. The Cr/Ni value is less than 1 and most of them are less than 0.7, which is consistent with the origin characteristics of modern Taishan jade that provides an important scientific basis for Taishan jade to be used in the Dawenkou Culture period 5500 years ago. The other four jades (M2004:1, B-ring, M25:26, M26) have low contents of Fe, Cr and Ni, which belong to the type of dolomite contact metasomatism in which their sources need to be further studied and confirmed. The above research results confirm that the combination of p-FTIR and p-XRF can realize the rapid identification of most unknown jade materials in archaeological sites and collections. It has the advantages of no sample preparation, mutual verification of mineral types and element compositions, and no fluorescence interference. It can trace the origin of some specific types of serpentine jade/materials, which is an advantageous technology mix for the research on the unearthed jade.