CBERS-02B星HR相机内方位元的在轨标定方法

遥感相机内方位元素的在轨标定对遥感图像的定位和测量具有重要意义.利用线阵推扫传感器构像模型,提出了一种对CBERS-02B星HR相机内方位元素进行在轨标定的方法.该方法以内方位元素和姿态角为未知参数,建立地面控制点和相应像点的共线方程组,通过解算共线方程组获得内方位元素.实验证明,用该方法对内方位元素进行在轨标定,具有...     

基于平面方程的六光幕精度靶工程化建模及精度分析

针对传统几何法在六光幕精度靶测量模型解算及精度分析中因取近似结构参数而引入误差的问题,提出了基于平面方程的精确解算及精度分析法.依据工程实际,构建了高通用性的六光幕精度靶工程化测量模型及误差传递模型,系统地仿真比较了两类六幕结构中靶距及靶距误差、斜幕角度及角度误差、光源和接收对准误差等多误差源对弹丸速度及着靶坐标测量结果的影响,获得了一系列探测靶面内的测量误差分布数据,并结合实际给出了一个可满足坐标测量误差小于3 mm,相对测速误差小于0.3%指标的工程设计实例.研究结果可为六光幕精度靶的工程化设计与精度评估提供可靠的理论基础及数据参考.     

基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法

为了克服相机检校对二维/三维检校场的依赖,提出一种基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法。该方法通过对相机获取的多视影像进行光束法平差获得初始相机参数;利用影像点云与其最邻近的激光点云之间的位置关系,以共线方程为基础模型,建立多条件约束的相机检校数学模型;使用不等式约束的最小二乘方法平差迭代解算相机参数。将本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度进行了实验对比分析,结果表明本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度相当,两者反投影平均误差相差小于0.1 pixel,验证了本文方法在没有传统检校场的情况下进行相机检校的可行性。     

基于矢量波像差理论的两反系统装配失调解算方法

以矢量波像差理论中的三级像差理论为基础,提出了一种两反系统装配失调量解算方法。该方法仅采用轴上视场波前像差系数建立失调量解算模型,然后基于球差系数解算间隔误差,并基于彗差和像散系数解算偏心和倾斜误差,大幅提高了解算精度和效率。以某一两反光学系统为例,利用光学设计软件Zemax进行模拟装调,系统轴上视场失调像差系数均减小到10~(-7)数量级,失调误差均校正到10~(-5)数量级,达到了良好的装调效果。最后,利用该失调量解算模型指导两反光学系统的装调,失调量解算精度及装调精度达到了使用要求。Zemax模拟装调结果和实际装调效果均证明了所提方法的正确性。     

基于天文观测的相机标定及姿态测量技术研究

为利用相机进行天文观测以实现高精度的相机姿态测量,必须先对相机参数进行精确标定。针对传统相机标定方法工作距离有限的问题,提出了以恒星为控制点的相机标定方法,根据球面天文学方法计算观测时刻控制点的世界坐标,利用摄像测量原理建立了恒星观测模型,求解相机的内外参数并分析了误差因素。实验结果表明,该标定方法在不依赖于精密、复杂的外部设备情况下可达到较高精度,并具有较强的抗噪声能力。将标定结果用于天文观测并求解相机姿态,航向角和俯仰角的解算重复性优于10″,能够满足高精度姿态测量的需求。该方法可进一步推广应用于星敏感器的标定。     

大尺寸工件视觉测量中的图像拼接方法

为提高大尺寸工件机器视觉测量精度,提出一种基于坐标变换的图像拼接方法,并给出该坐标变换方法的解算模型及求解方法,分析了局部测量误差、重叠区域公共点个数等对坐标变换精度的影响,得到了最佳拼接条件,并通过实验对其进行了验证。实验结果表明,该方法简单易行、结果可靠,对存在平移、旋转以及尺度缩放的图像都具有良好的效果,能有效地解决采用机器视觉进行大尺寸工件精确测量时的坐标归一化问题。     

同心圆靶的相对位置姿态的摄影测量方法

用一台数码相机拍摄同心圆靶标的照片,求出照片中这两个椭圆的方程。研究了一种解算方法,能用这两个椭圆方程的系数直接算出同心圆靶面的姿态。再求出椭圆平行于透视轴的切线及其切点的位置。利用这些切点的坐标解算同心圆圆心的像点位置和相机的焦距。如果知道同心圆的半径还可以求出同心圆靶的位置。所提方法可在停机坪标定飞机上的方向舵的角位移传感器;或用于追踪航天器自主测量目标航天器的相对位置姿态。     

基于准直光束的高精度滚转角测量方法研究

对于滚转角测量精度低并且难于测量的问题,提出了一种基于准直光束光斑位置变化的高精度滚转角测量方法。当被测物转动时,CCD上2光斑位置随之改变,2个光斑中心连线斜率亦改变。斜率变化由被测物俯仰、偏摆、滚转运动引起。在测量系统中基于自准直原理测量偏摆角和俯仰角,运用相关的算法,消除由偏摆和俯仰运动引起的滚转角误差,从而实现滚转角的精确测量。同时运用Zemax建立系统仿真模型,进行了滚转角的仿真实验测量。将仿真实验结果输入到滚转角解算模型中解算,结果表明:在0～1 800范围内滚转角的解算值与Zemax的设定值完全一致,由此验证了测量方法的可行性及正确性。     

流体机械外特性性能试验台内流研究

本文采用三维N-S方程和标准Κ-ε两方程模型对自行设计的30000m~3/h风量测试装置在两种送风方式(侧送/顶送)下多流量测量范围(喷嘴开数9/3/1)的内流特性进行了数值分析,结果表明设计能达到流量测量的精度要求;侧送风比顶送风方式有更好的测量精度;在同种送风方式下小流量范围测量精度更高;侧送风测量精度最高值在满量程的1/3到2/3之间.文中分析并指出了影响顶送风方式测量精度的原因在于转弯处分离流动对测量流道的堵塞.     

由多台全站仪组成的馈源舱位姿动态测量系统

介绍了大射电望远镜 FAST光机电一体化的创新设计。给出了通过测量馈源舱不共线三点的空间坐标来解算舱体位置和姿态的方法。提出以先进的高精度动态跟踪测量仪器徕卡 TCA2 0 0 3全站仪为基本测量单元 ,组合六台TCA2 0 0 3为一套馈源舱位姿动态测量系统。由于系统的测量精度可达到 1mm,因此不仅为馈源舱的闭环控制提供了检测手段 ,而且可应用 Stewart平台精调系统所提供的舱体位姿信息进行逆运动学模型计算。     

基于广义正交迭代算法的立体视觉定位

提出了一种新的基于广义正交迭代算法的立体视觉定位.该算法通过提取CenSurE局部特征和相应的U-SURF描述符,采用SAD方法进行子像素立体匹配,并利用U-SURF描述符匹配进行前后帧图像特征跟踪.在RANSAC框架下对匹配点进行3D-3D运动估计获得了运动参量的初始值.由于3D-3D运动估计使3D点集间欧式距离误差最小,而3D特征点坐标受噪音影响很大,因此运动估计误差也较大.本文把广义正交迭代算法应用到立体视觉定位方法中,得到使立体相机目标空间共线性误差最小的运动估计参量,由于共线性误差比3D-3D运动估计算法中的共点误差受噪音影响更小,从而大大较少了运动估计误差.仿真实验和户外真实实验表明：本文算法获得了较高的计算准确度、鲁棒性和实时性,优于传统方法.     

Variable Selection and Regularization in Quantile Regression via Minimum Covariance Determinant Based Weights

The importance of variable selection and regularization procedures in multiple regression analysis cannot be overemphasized. These procedures are adversely affected by predictor space data aberrations as well as outliers in the response space. To counter the latter, robust statistical procedures such as quantile regression which generalizes the well-known least absolute deviation procedure to all quantile levels have been proposed in the literature. Quantile regression is robust to response variable outliers but very susceptible to outliers in the predictor space (high leverage points) which may alter the eigen-structure of the predictor matrix. High leverage points that alter the eigen-structure of the predictor matrix by creating or hiding collinearity are referred to as collinearity influential points. In this paper, we suggest generalizing the penalized weighted least absolute deviation to all quantile levels, i.e., to penalized weighted quantile regression using the RIDGE, LASSO, and elastic net penalties as a remedy against collinearity influential points and high leverage points in general. To maintain robustness, we make use of very robust weights based on the computationally intensive high breakdown minimum covariance determinant. Simulations and applications to well-known data sets from the literature show an improvement in variable selection and regularization due to the robust weighting formulation.     

基于自校验直接线性变换的星载SAR图像定位方法研究

应用摄影测量理论,将星载SAR图像近似看作一个多中心投影传感器获取的等效影像,基于星载 SAR共线方程给出了SAR图像的自校验直接线性变换定位模型.选用一景北京地区RadarSat影像进行实验.结果表明,自校验直接线性变换模型表达简单,求解稳定,不需要任何轨道信息和成像参量且校正准确度保持在像素级范围之内,因而该模型适用于星载SAR图像的准确定位.     

非线性两模玻色子系统的Majorana表象

利用Majorana表象,从平均场模型和二次量子化模型两方面研究了非线性双模玻色子系统的动力学问题.得到了Majorana点在球面上的运动方程,分析了平均场模型和二次量子化模型之间的区别及其在Majorana点运动方程中的体现.研究了二次量子化模型中量子态在少体和多体情况下的动力学演化及其与平均场量子态的区别和联系.以平均场模型和二次量子化模型量子态之间的保真度和Majorana点之间的关联为手段,讨论了在不同玻色子间相互作用强度、不同玻色子数下量子态的演化及相应的自囚禁效应.     

Self-consistent chaotic transport in fluids and plasmas

Self-consistent chaotic transport is the transport of a field F by a velocity field v according to an advection-diffusion equation in which there is a dynamical constrain between the two fields, i.e., O(F,v)=0 where O is an integral or differential operator, and the Lagrangian trajectories of fluid particles exhibit sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In this paper we study self-consistent chaotic transport in two-dimensional incompressible shear flows. In this problem F is the vorticity zeta, the corresponding advection-diffusion equation is the vorticity equation, and the self-consistent constrain is the vorticity-velocity coupling z nabla xv=zeta. To study this problem we consider three self-consistent models of intermediate complexity between the simple but limited kinematic chaotic advection models and the approach based on the direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation. The first two models, the vorticity defect model and the single wave model, are constructed by successive simplifications of the vorticity-velocity coupling. The third model is an area preserving self-consistent map obtained from a space-time discretization of the single wave model. From the dynamical systems perspective these models are useful because they provide relatively simple self-consistent Hamiltonians (streamfunctions) for the Lagrangian advection problem. Numerical simulations show that the models capture the basic phenomenology of shear flow instability, vortex formation and relaxation typically observed in direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equation. Self-consistent chaotic transport in electron plasmas in the context of kinetic theory is also discussed. In this case F is the electron distribution function in phase space, the corresponding advection equation is the Vlasov equation and the self-consistent constrain is the Poisson equation. This problem is closely related to the vorticity problem. In particular, the vorticity defect model is analogous to the Vlasov-Poisson model and the single wave model and the self-consistent map apply equally to both plasmas and fluids. Also, the single wave model is analogous to models used in the study of globally coupled oscillator systems. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.     

Bifurcation analysis of the sixteen-vertex model

We shall construct a hierarchy of subclasses of the 16-vertex model having qualitatively different symmetry properties. We determine the bifurcation points in the parameter space of the model where new symmetry elements are added to the invariance group of the partition function. In this paper we restrict ourselves to the study of site-dependent transformations converting a homogeneous 16-vertex model into a different homogeneous model. Apart from a trivial transformation, resulting in a change of sign of all vertex weights, such site-dependent transformations exist only for those points in parameter space where particular relations are satisfied. The solution of these relations gives rise to three 6-parameter families of models, two of which are equivalent to the general 8-vertex model, and two families of 4-parameter models. The primary bifurcation models depending on six parameters contain three different types of secondary bifurcation models, depending on 4 parameters, one of which is equivalent to Baxter's symmetric 8-vertex model.     

Quadric surface projection model for fish-eye cameras

The curved surface projection model in fisheye image correction algorithm is presented. To analyze the causes of distortion in existing models, we establish an ideal surface projection model and compare its surface with the surfaces of existing models. Subsequently, feature points are obtained on the ideal surface according to the relationship of coordinates of fish-eye image points and their ideal three-dimentional (3D) points. Finally, the least square method is used to obtain a quadric surface and presents a quadric surface projection model. The experiment shows that the corrected image of the new model is more similar to the actual scene than the corrected images of previous models.     

Strong and weak constraint variational assimilations for reduced order fluid flow modeling

In this work we propose and evaluate two variational data assimilation techniques for the estimation of low order surrogate experimental dynamical models for fluid flows. Both methods are built from optimal control recipes and rely on proper orthogonal decomposition and a Galerkin projection of the Navier Stokes equation. The techniques proposed differ in the control variables they involve. The first one introduces a weak dynamical model defined only up to an additional uncertainty time-dependent function whereas the second one, handles a strong dynamical constraint in which the dynamical system’s coefficients constitute the control variables. Both choices correspond to different approximations of the relation between the reduced basis on which is expressed the motion field and the basis components that have been neglected in the reduced order model construction. The techniques have been assessed on numerical data and for real experimental conditions with noisy particle image velocimetry data.     

基于图像融合的动态轮廓线跟踪新方法

红外与可见光传感器是目标跟踪识别系统中常用的两种传感器,对这两种传感器图像进行融合能有效提高系统跟踪检测的准确性。将动态轮廓线模型与图像融合结合,在特征搜索过程中利用特征点准确地完成了图像配准,同时使用了一种新的特征级融合方法,将两种图像中目标轮廓的B样条曲线控制点进行实时微分耦合。这种耦合将Curwen提出的微分耦合机制作了改进,利用图像配准把刚性硬模板改变为实时的变换模板并推导了融合后动态轮廓线的新的动力学方程。这种融合利用了红外图像目标轮廓信息约束可见光图像中动态轮廓线的收敛形状,有效地提高了可见光图像目标跟踪的准确性。对运动人手序列图像的对比跟踪实验表明,这种融合使得可见光图像中动态轮廓线平均跟踪误差减小了60．25％。     

统计可分隔性与超光速量子通讯不可能

分析了量子力学中的空间关联与通讯的关系与差别,提出了统计可分隔性概念, 由此证明了超光速量子通讯不可能.We analyse the relation and the difference between the quantum correlation of two points in space and the communication between them. The statistical separability of two points in the space is defined and proven. From this statistical separability, we prove that the superluminal quantum communication betwcen different points is impossible. To emphasis the compatibility between the quantum theory and the relativity, we write the von Neumann equation of density operator evolution in the multi time form.