可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱法监测燃烧过程中CO浓度的变化

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, TDLAS)是利用二极管激光器的波长调谐特性,获得被选定的待测气体特征吸收线的吸收光谱,从而对待测气体进行定性或定量分析。它具有高灵敏、高分辨以及快速检测等特点,已经广泛用于大气中多种痕量气体的检测以及泄漏气体的检测,也是在燃烧环境下对气体进行非侵入式实时测量的理想方法。TDLAS技术与开放式的多次反射池相结合,并利用自平衡探测加波长调制的新型检测方法,测量了酒精喷灯燃烧过程中产生的CO浓度,从测量结果中发现酒精喷灯火焰中CO的浓度成一定的周期性,并且得到火焰中CO的平均浓度为49.4(10-6体积比)。实验结果表明利用开放式多次反射池,结合自平衡探测加波长调制探测的新方法,满足了酒精喷灯燃烧过程中CO检测的需要,此系统为发展基于TDLAS的燃烧在线诊断技术奠定了基础。     

高分辨率高灵敏度可调谐近红外二极管激光光谱探测

根据近红外可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)和波长调制光谱技术(WMS)的原理,设计了一套可调谐近红外二极管激光光谱仪,在实验室结合长程吸收池,对各种浓度的CO2进行了测量。测量结果表明,在170m吸收程时,可以探测压力为1．9995Pa的CO2,比原来的实验结果有很大提高a     

波长调制吸收光谱技术的燃气轮机燃烧室温度组分二维分布测量方法

可调半导体激光光谱技术（TDLAS）可实现温度、组分浓度等多参数同时测量,具有体积小、响应速度快、环境适应性高等优点,逐渐成为燃烧流场诊断的主要手段之一。TDLAS光谱测量常采用直接吸收技术和波长调制技术,其中强度归一化的波长调制技术,适合存在振动、湍流等致光束偏转效应和强辐射本底等恶劣应用环境条件的燃气轮机流场参数测量。基于TDLAS技术,开展了1f归一化波长调制技术燃气轮机燃烧室温度、组分浓度参数测量方法研究和实验室验证工作,并在某燃气轮机单喷嘴台架进行了冷态、热态试验验证,实现了燃气轮机燃烧室沿气流方向温度及H₂O、CH₄浓度二维分布测量。采用1f归一化波长调制技术抑制台架振动、热辐射背景噪声,采用1 392,1 469和1 343 nm蝶形封装的DFB激光器,三支激光器的出光方式为时分复用,选取H₂O的7 185.6,6 807.83和7 444.3 cm-1处的吸收线,两两组合使用,测量热态下一定范围内的温度和H₂O浓度;采用1 654 nm蝶形封装的DFB激光器,选取CH₄的6 046.96 cm-1处的吸收线进行冷态CH₄浓度测量。实验室对测量系统可靠性进行验证,配置4%~6%范围内的CH₄气体进行测量并与实际值对比,浓度测量最大相对偏差为3.72%;在高温炉中设定900~1 500 K范围内的温度台阶,充入纯水汽,计算不同设定温度和压力下的温度和浓度测量值,温度测量最大相对偏差3.07%,浓度测量最大相对偏差为-2.00%,验证了该测量系统的可靠性。台架燃气轮机实验中,集成了一套小型化测量仪器,设计多束激光收发一体的测量结构。实验采用两个电动位移台,搭载测量结构,每间隔5 mm逐点移动采样,对燃气轮机燃烧室300 mm×60 mm的燃烧区域进行测量,获取了若干工况下冷热态结果。通过双三次插值的方法绘制分辨率为0.5 mm的二维流场分布图,结果分别反映了测量区域范围内CH₄和火焰分布的真实状态。为燃气轮机喷嘴燃料、空气掺混情况和燃烧特性研究提供了新的研究方法和技术手段。     

基于可调谐多模二极管激光吸收光谱的二氧化碳浓度测量

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)具有高分辨率、高灵敏度和快速测量等特点,是气体探测中的主流技术。使用多模二极管激光器作为光源,将多模二极管激光吸收光谱技术与关联光谱技术相结合有助于提高测试可靠性和稳定性,同时还可有效解决单模二极管激光器长时间工作时中心波长随外界温度或机械特性的变化而发生偏移的问题。以1 570 nm多模二极管激光器为光源,利用多模二极管激光关联光谱和波长调制的气体测量技术(TMDL-COSPEC-WMS),通过计算待测气体和参考池气体之间二次谐波信号峰值高度之间的关系,实现了对二氧化碳浓度的测量。实验中二氧化碳浓度测量范围在0.6%～30%之间,计算结果表明,二氧化碳浓度与真实浓度值之间具有良好的线性关系,其线性度为0.998 7,线性拟合的斜率为1.061±0.016 8。对二氧化碳与氮气混合气体的连续测量结果表明,系统的探测极限达到335 ppm·m,对同一样品在20 min内的20次连续测量的标准偏差为0.036 7%,表明了系统良好的稳定性,所有测量结果都显示了系统用于二氧化碳气体监测的有效性。     

基于波长调制技术的温度实时测量方法研究

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)以其响应速度快、灵敏度高、非接触等优点已被广泛应用于气体浓度、温度的原位在线测量。基于波长调制吸收光谱技术,理论分析和推导了二次谐波温度反演公式。并采用分时锯齿波扫描形式使两个激光器分别产生覆盖中心波长为760.21 nm和760.88 nm的两条氧气吸收谱线的激光,经2×1光纤耦合器耦合为一束光束,通过测量管式炉内同一区域的二次谐波信号来反演有氧环境中的平均温度值。为了修正谱线线型和光强对实验所得的二次谐波信号峰值比值的影响,采用室温下标定温度反演公式中所需参数的方法,有效地简化了实验过程,提高了测量精度。温度在300 K~900 K范围内变化的测量结果与管式炉的平均温度值具有较高的一致性,误差在±20 K以内。     

基于TDLAS技术的煤油燃烧温度与组分分布检测

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术以其实时在线、高灵敏度、高分辨率等优势在燃烧诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文采用中心波长在1877 nm的近红外DFB激光器,首次采用波数分别为5329.050 cm~(-1)和5329.521 cm~(-1)的高温谱线对,分析了谱线参数特性,并利用直接吸收的方法首先在实验室平面火焰炉较稳定的燃烧工况条件下验证了所选谱线和方法的准确性,随后在模型燃烧室航空煤油燃烧环境中,对贫燃条件下不同燃烧工况的温度和水组分含量进行了多点分布式测量,获得燃烧室不同区域的温度和水含量变化规律。测量结果表明,沿着气流轴向方向,燃烧室温度和水含量逐渐降低,沿径向方向分布均匀;在回流火焰区内的温度和水量变化较为缓慢;从火焰区转换到燃气区,温度有明显的下降.     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法测量气体温度

研究了一种新型的非接触式测温技术——可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)测温技术。介绍了温度测量及调制吸收光谱技术原理,分析了调制幅度对气体温度测量的影响。优选了氧气吸收谱线对13163.78 cm-1和13164.18 cm-1,在搭建的高温实验系统上,实现了气体温度和浓度的同时测量。通过分析实测波形获得了谱线13164.18 cm-1在823~1323 K温度范围内的碰撞展宽系数和温度指数。实验结果表明,在823~1323 K温度范围内,系统温度测量的线性误差为0.65%,最大波动为±15 K。     

TDLAS技术测量燃烧流场温度研究

介绍了TDLAS技术用于燃烧流场诊断的基本原理,比较了直接吸收法与二次谐波法两种测量方法的优缺点,并对TDLAS技术路径积分测量特性进行了分析.基于单台二极管激光器分别建立了两种方法的TDLAS测量系统,直接吸收法测量重复频率为10 kHz,获得了瞬态高温超声速流场温度随时间演化结果;二次谐波法测量重复频率为250 Hz,实现了超燃冲压模拟燃烧室温度的在线测量.对于标定燃烧炉甲烷/空气预混火焰,测量系统在1750 K时温度A类标准不确定度优于0.7%.     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱二次谐波信号的模拟与分析

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)作为近年来发展起来的一种气体检测技术,具有高分辨率、高灵敏度和快速测量等特点。波长调制光谱信号的二次谐波分量常作为检测信号,用于气体浓度信息的反演。利用MATLAB中的可视化建模仿真平台Simulink,模拟了基于TDLAS的波长调制光谱信号,利用锁相放大原理提取二次谐波分量。采用数字锁相,正交双通道结构实现锁相算法。通过比较不同调制系数下二次谐波信号的变化情况,分析了二次谐波信号与调制系数的关系,以便确定最佳参数,用于二次谐波的提取。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术检测痕量乙烯气体的系统研制

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)利用激光器的窄线宽和波长调谐特性,使其扫描被测气体的单个吸收峰,实现痕量气体的高分辨率、高灵敏度快速检测。通过分析近红外波段的乙烯吸收谱线特性,选取1 626.8 nm附近的吸收峰作为检测谱线,研制了基于white池结构的TDLAS检测系统,结合波长调制和二次谐波检测,对体积分数为20～1 200 ppmv的乙烯气体进行了测量,推算该系统的检测下限约为10 ppmv。     

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy based on quasi-continuous-wave diode lasers

A modified wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS）based on the self-heating effect of the tunable diode laser when driven in quasi-continuous-wave（QCW）mode is investigated.A near-infrared distributed feedback（DFB）diode laser working at the QCW mode is employed as the QCW light source,and CO2 is selected as the target gas.The characteristic of the QCW second harmonic（2f）line profile is analyzed through a comparison with that of the traditional CW WMS with the same system.A noise-equivalent absorbance of 3.2×10-5 Hz-1/2 for CO2 at 1.58μm is obtained with 18-m optical path.The QCW WMS lowers the dependence on lasers and expands selectivity,thus verifying the feasibility of the method.     

Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, using wavelength modulation and cavity enhancement techniques

Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, has been combined with the techniques of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, WMS, and cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy, CEAS, to record multiple molecular transitions using a single laser and a single detector. MUMAS signals were recorded using a multi-mode diode laser of the A-band $b^{1}\varSigma _{g}^{+}\leftarrow X^{3}\varSigma _{g}^{-}Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, has been combined with the techniques of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, WMS, and cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy, CEAS, to record multiple molecular transitions using a single laser and a single detector. MUMAS signals were recorded using a multi-mode diode laser of the A-band b¹\varSigma _g⁺? X³\varSigma _g^-b^{1}\varSigma _{g}^{+}\leftarrow X^{3}\varSigma _{g}^{-} of molecular oxygen at 760 nm. Direct MUMAS and WMS-MUMAS signals were recorded using a White cell for air and pure oxygen for pressures in the range 0 to 1 bar. CEAS-MUMAS signals were recorded with and without WMS in an open enhancement cavity containing laboratory air. Enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio has been obtained demonstrating the potential for increased detection sensitivity for gas-sensing applications of MUMAS.     

Software-switching between direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy for the investigation of ADC resolution requirements

We present a tunable diode laser spectrometer that can be software-switched between a wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) operation mode and the direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) technique on a per-scan basis. The new setup allows a direct comparison between the two techniques under equal hardware and system environment conditions. In this work, we compare the impact of analog-to-digital converter resolution for operation in WMS and DAS mode. Example concentration evaluations show that in the DAS approach, relative absorptions smaller than the least significant bit can be measured with scan averaging and FIR-filtering applied. With full resolution, both techniques show similar performance in our setup, with a slight advantage for the WMS implementation.     

SG-DBR半导体激光器的光谱技术研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱作为一种高灵敏度、高选择性、非侵入的痕量气体实时检测技术,已在大气监测、工业控制等方面得到广泛应用。采用一种新型宽带可调谐的SG-DBR半导体激光器(可调谐范围1 520~1 570 nm)作光源,并通过自编程序对该激光器设定了18个通道,输出波长分别对应CO,CO₂以及H₂O的吸收谱线中心位置,设计和构建了一个基于近红外可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的多组分气体光谱测量系统,描述了相关的光学系统设置,结合波长调制(wm)的二次谐波技术测量其中14个通道(分别对应CO和CO₂的吸收谱线)的吸收光谱,系统获得的CO和CO₂峰值吸收探测极限能够达到10-5。实验结果验证了SG-DBR激光器在波长调制吸收光谱多组分气体检测领域的可行性。在实际应用过程中使用单个SG-DBR激光器可以实现多组分气体的同时测量,有效降低设备成本和系统复杂性。     

Self-calibration wavelength modulation spectroscopy for acetylene detection based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

The expressions of the second harmonic(2f) signal are derived on the basis of absorption spectral and lock-in theories.A parametric study indicates that the phase shift between the intensity and wavelength modulation makes a great contribution to the 2f signal.A self-calibration wavelength modulation spectroscopy(WMS) method based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TOLAS) is applied,combining the advantages of ambient pressure,temperature suppression,and phase-shift influences elimination.Species concentration is retrieved simultaneously from selected 2f signal pairs of measured and reference WMS-2f spectra.The absorption line of acetylene(C_2H_2) at 1530.36 nm near-infrared is selected to detect C_2H_2 concentrations in the range of 0-400 ppmv.System sensitivity,detection precision and limit are markedly improved,demonstrating that the self-calibration method has better detecting performance than the conventional WMS.     

Simulation-based comparison of noise effects in wavelength modulation spectroscopy and direct absorption TDLAS

A simulative investigation of noise effects in wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and direct absorption diode laser absorption spectroscopy is presented. Special attention is paid to the impact of quantization noise of the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) of the photodetector signal in the two detection schemes with the goal of estimating the necessary ADC resolution for each technique. With laser relative intensity noise (RIN), photodetector shot noise and thermal amplifier noise included, the strategies used for noise reduction in direct and wavelength modulation spectroscopy are compared by simulating two respective systems. Results show that because of the combined effects of dithering by RIN and signal averaging, the resolutions required for the direct absorption setup are only slightly higher than for the WMS setup. Only for small contributions of RIN an increase in resolution will significantly improve signal quality in the direct scheme.     

CO2分子的近红外二极管激光吸收光谱灵敏探测

利用近红外二极管激光波长调制技术与二次谐波探测结合初步观测了CO2 分子在波长 1.5 7μm附近的吸收 ,获得了最小可探测吸收为 8.6× 10 -5(信噪比为 2 ) ,对应 5 0 0× 10 -6m-1的探测灵敏度。     

Multi-species laser absorption sensors for in situ monitoring of syngas composition

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensors for detection of CO, CO₂, CH₄ and H₂O at elevated pressures in mixtures of synthesis gas (syngas: products of coal and/or biomass gasification) were developed and tested. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with 1f-normalized 2f detection was employed. Fiber-coupled DFB diode lasers operating at 2325, 2017, 2290 and 1352 nm were used for simultaneously measuring CO, CO₂, CH₄ and H₂O, respectively. Criteria for the selection of transitions were developed, and transitions were selected to optimize the signal and minimize interference from other species. For quantitative WMS measurements, the collision-broadening coefficients of the selected transitions were determined for collisions with possible syngas components, namely CO, CO₂, CH₄, H₂O, N₂ and H₂. Sample measurements were performed for each species in gas cells at a temperature of 25 °C up to pressures of 20 atm. To validate the sensor performance, the composition of synthetic syngas was determined by the absorption sensor and compared with the known values. A method of estimating the lower heating value and Wobbe index of the syngas mixture from these measurements was also demonstrated.     

Overtone spectroscopy of water molecules based on room temperature diode laser emitting in the NIR range

The measurement of very weak overtone spectroscopic line shape of water molecule is performed using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). In this work a high resolution near infrared diode laser spectrometer is used to record first derivative (1f) signal of buffer gas Helium and Carbon dioxide broadened water vapour transitions around 820 nm wavelength region. The effect of collision due to perturber pressure on signal to noise ratio (SNR) is discussed. The Lorentzian HWHM of observed 1f signal is calculated. The comparison is made between collisional broadening of water vapour transition broadened by inert gas Helium and high quadrupole moment active gas Carbon dioxide.