太阳电池紫外加速寿命试验技术研究

建立了模拟空间环境下的紫外加速寿命试验装置,对太阳电池进行紫外加速寿命试验技术研究,获得了太阳电池开路电压随着紫外辐照时间的变化数据。通过试验数据处理,获得了太阳电池开路电压随着等效紫外辐照时间的衰减规律,采用加严判据理论,预测了紫外辐照环境下的电池寿命,研究紫外辐射对太阳电池的损伤规律。模拟空间环境下的太阳电池紫外加速寿命试验,可以在较短时间内获得紫外辐射对太阳电池的损伤规律,为长寿命卫星的可靠性提供了参考。     

用束流位置监测器测量上海光源束流寿命

通过理论分析研究了电磁耦合型束流位置探测器（BPM）用于束流寿命测量的可行性,并在上海光源储存环上进行了束流实验,对其性能进行了评估。实验结果表明,与目前常用的直流流强变压器（DCCT）系统相比,BPM给出的束流寿命具有更高的带宽和分辨力,有利于进行不同时间尺度的束流寿命评估,而且可以通过多个平均的方式来进一步提高测量精度。     

固体核磁共振技术在锂/钠离子电池碳负极中的应用及研究进展

碳负极材料作为锂/钠离子电池的传统负极材料一直获得广泛的推广和应用，但其仍存在充电时间长、库伦效率低等问题，研究碳负极材料充放电机理是解决这些问题的关键.固体核磁共振（NMR）技术是一种研究固体材料中目标原子所处化学环境以及材料内部结构变化的有效手段.通过测定锂/钠离子电池中⁶Li、⁷Li和²³Na高速魔角旋转（MAS）条件下的固体NMR谱图，能够清晰获得锂/钠离子电池碳负极脱/嵌过程中的结构变化，以及碳原子与Li/Na的配位情况，从而为碳负极材料的设计及其电化学性能的提升提供充分的理论依据.本文综述了近年来固体NMR技术在锂/钠离子电池碳负极材料研究中的应用以及相关研究进展.     

基于加速性能退化的LED灯具可靠性评估

提出了一种基于加速性能退化的LED灯具可靠性快速评估方法。以LED灯具的使用寿命评估为目标,设计了温度和电应力的恒定应力加速退化试验及其加速模型,给出了基于性能退化的LED灯具可靠性评估一般流程。以国内某型LED灯管为试验对象,对其可靠性进行了评价:在正常应力水平下,该型LED灯管的寿命评估值为31 571 h。结果表明该方法能够快速、有效地评估LED灯管的可靠性。该方法不仅节省实验时间,而且对LED灯具的可靠性评估及产品质量管理有一定的参考价值。     

基于性能退化数据的超辐射发光二极管可靠性评估研究

作为光纤陀螺仪中的关键元件与薄弱环节,超辐射发光二极管(SLD)的可靠性在很大程度上决定了光纤陀螺仪的可靠性。针对其长寿命特点,研究了基于性能退化数据的可靠性评估方法。在对SLD失效机理分析的基础上,提出用正态-沣泊松复合随机过程模型对产品在环境应力作用下的退化特性进行建模,基于所得模型,由SLD的性能退化信息估计模型中的参数进而评估得到SLD可靠性指标。克服了传统可靠性分析方法依赖寿命数据的缺点,能够在没有寿命数据的情况下评估得到SLD的可靠性指标,从而节约大量的试验经费和时间。     

基于数据驱动的卫星锂离子电池寿命预测方法

锂离子电池由于具有工作电压高、体积小、质量轻、比能量高、寿命长和自放电率小等优点,成为 替代传统镍氢、镍镉电池的第三代航天器用储能电源。寿命预测是锂离子电池健康管理的重要方面,是掌 握电源衰退的重要手段。锂离子电池剩余使用寿命预测问题已成为电子系统健康管理领域的研究热点和具 有挑战性的问题之一。本文基于NASA埃姆斯中心的锂离子电池地面试验采集数据,首先分析了3种类型 的锂离子电池预测方法,之后重点研究了几种有效的数据驱动的锂离子电池寿命预测方法,并对各种预测 方法的效果进行了评价。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效的用于基于数据驱动的锂离子电池寿命 预测中,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

第一性原理计算研究黑磷嵌锂态的动力学性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对锂离子电池负极材料黑磷在嵌锂过程中的产物LiP5,Li3P7以及LiP的晶体结构与电子结构进行了研究与分析．通过计算这几种材料的电子结构,发现黑磷嵌锂后的这几种相均为半导体能带结构,其带隙均比黑磷嵌锂前的带隙大,表明黑磷嵌锂后的电子电导性能降低了．利用弹性能带方法模拟了Li离子在LiP5,Li3P7和LiP材料中的扩散,从理论上得到了Li离子的扩散势垒,并与其他电极材料进行了比较,发现Li离子在各种嵌锂态的材料中都能够比较快速的扩散．计算结果表明,Li在LiP5中的扩散系数大约为10^-4cm2／s,扩散通道是一维的;Li在Li3P7中的扩散系数为10^-7-10^-6cm2／s,扩散通道是三维的;Li在LiP中的扩散系数为10^-8-10^-5cm2／s,扩散通道是三维的．     

甲醇锂和乙醇锂拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

前人研究证明在烷氧基锂(ROLi)中锂原子直接和氧原子相连而形成O-Li健,作者依此构造出甲醇锂和乙醇锂的分子构型.目前在实验和理论计算上都尚无对甲醇锂和乙醇锂分子的拉曼光谱的报道.文章用密度泛函珲论中的B3LYP混合泛函联合6-31G(d,p)基函数组进行了这两个分子的结构优化得到其平衡构型.基于此平衡构型计算出甲醇锂和乙醇锂的振动频率和拉曼光谱,对计算所得的振动频率进行了简正坐标分析,根据各频率的势能分布进行了全面的归属指认,旨在为用拉曼光谱技术研究和分析锂离子电池固体电解质膜(SEI膜)组分提供更多的理论依据.     

同轴脉冲形成线的运输振动环境适应性研究

为了准确评估某MV级Tesla型脉冲功率源的运输振动环境适应性水平,针对脉冲功率源中采用悬臂绝缘支撑结构的同轴脉冲形成线,通过仿真和试验结合的方法开展研究。针对叠层结构式内外磁芯,提出一种通过结构元胞等效材料参数和坐标变换的等效建模方法进行有限元建模,通过模态试验修正有限元模型,首次对比研究了绝缘油对形成线的模态频率和阻尼的影响,仿真分析了形成线车载运输典型工况的应力及响应,设计实施了大尺寸形成线等效件振动试验进行验证。通过振动试验发现了形成线结构存在非线性,通过仿真分析和等效件试验验证,同轴脉冲形成线现有结构设计基本满足车载运输振动环境适应性要求。     

考虑介质膨胀速率的锂离子电池管状电极中扩散诱导应力及轴向支反力分析

硅作为锂离子电池阴极材料相对于传统负极材料具有高比容量,价格低廉等优势.本文针对充电过程中锂离子电池中电极建立力学模型和扩散模型,并在扩散模型引入考虑介质膨胀速率的影响.以硅空心柱形电极为例,分析了恒流充电下介质膨胀速率对电极中扩散诱导应力分布的影响,并研究了不同内外半径比、充电速率、材料参数以及锂化诱导软化系数(lithiation induced softening factor,LISF)对轴向的支反力达到临界欧拉屈曲力所需时间的影响.结果表明,随着电极中锂浓度上升,介质膨胀速率对应力分布的影响增大,对轴向的支反力影响较小.弹性模量和应力成正比,但其与轴向的支反力达到临界欧拉屈曲力所需时间无关;扩散系数与所需时间成反比;偏摩尔体积增大时,达到临界屈曲力所需时间减少;随着LISF绝对值增大,完全锂化时轴向力降低.     

Spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as novel anode material for room-temperature sodium-ion battery

This is the first time that a novel anode material, spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ which is well known as a “zero-strain” anode material for lithium storage, has been introduced for sodium-ion battery. The Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ shows an average Na storage voltage of about 1.0 V and a reversible capacity of about 145 mAh/g, thereby making it a promising anode for sodium-ion battery. E_x-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to investigate the structure change in the Na insertion/deinsertion process. Based on this, a possible Na storage mechanism is proposed.     

有机金属化学气相沉积法制备的Ni/Al2O3纳米复合材料的氢吸附

研究了通过有机金属化学气相沉积技术及单源分子前躯体方法制备的Ni/Al₂O₃纳米复合材料的氢吸附(存储). 在冷壁的有机金属化学气相沉积反应器中,通过降解Ni(acac)₂粉末基底上的[H₂Al(OtBu)]₂制备的Ni/Al₂O₃纳米复合材料. 通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及能量色散型X射线荧光光谱等技术表征该复合材料. 采用自制Sievert's设备研究该复合材料的氢吸附(存储),可以储存约2.9%(重量比)的氢.     

Electrochemical properties of thin TiO2 electrode on Li1 + xAlxGe2 − x(PO4)3 solid electrolyte

A fabrication of all-solid-state thin-film rechargeable lithium ion batteries by sol-gel method is expected to achieve both the simplification and cost reduction for fabrication process. TiO₂ thin film electrode was prepared by PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sol-gel method combined with spin-coating on Li_1 + xAl_xGe_2 − x(PO₄)₃ (LAGP) solid electrolyte which has wide electrochemical window. The thin film was composed of anatase TiO₂ that is the most active phase for Li insertion and extraction and contacted well with LAGP substrate. In the cyclic voltammogram, a redox couple was observed at 1.8 V vs. Li/Li⁺ assigned to Li insertion/extraction into/from anatase TiO₂, indicating that the thin film worked as electrode for lithium battery. The charge and discharge test in various charge and discharge rates revealed that the discharge process (delithiation) is thought to be faster than charge process (lithiation). It is attested that the sol-gel process, which derives both simplification and cost reduction for fabrication process, can be applied to thin film battery using LAGP solid electrolyte.     

Effects of Sn doping on electrochemical characterizations of Li[Ni<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Co<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>]O<Subscript>2</Subscript> cathode material

Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ and Sn-doped Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ cathode materials for lithium battery are synthesized by a solid-state method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge–discharge test. The results show that the Sn-doped Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ has a typical hexagonal α-NaFeO₂ structure and strawberry-like shape with uniform particle size. It has also been found that the Sn-doped Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ reveals better electrochemical performances than that without Sn doping. The EIS results suggest that Sn presence decreases the total resistance of Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂, which should be related to the improvement on the electrochemical properties.     

Impacts of lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate as additives on the storage life of Li-ion battery at elevated temperature

The impacts of boron-based Li salt additives including lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄) and lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LDFOB) on the storage life of Li-ion battery at elevated temperature are investigated. Adding 1 wt% additives in the electrolyte significantly affects the storage life of the LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂/graphite full cell at 55 °C. The anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), preventing the loss of Li⁺ and e^? in anode, is the key factor affecting the storage life. The formation and aging of SEI on the graphite anode with and without additives are investigated. It is found that the SEI formed with the addition of LiBF₄ is thick and loose due to LiF crystals produced by the decomposition of LiBF₄ and the SEI cannot prevent the Li⁺ and e^? loss in anode and the decomposition of the electrolyte solvent, resulting in shorter storage life of the battery. On the contrary, the SEI formed with the addition of LDFOB is thick and compact due to formation of the lithium oxalate in the SEI, produced by the decomposition of LDFOB. The SEI efficiently inhibits decomposition of the electrolyte solvent on anode and makes a longer storage life of the battery.     

Correlation between lithium storage and diffusion properties and electrochromic characteristics of WO3 thin films

As essential electrochromic(EC) materials are related to energy savings in fenestration technology,tungsten oxide(WO3) films have been intensively studied recently.In order to achieve better understanding of the mechanism of EC properties,and thus facilitate optimization of device performance,clarification of the correlation between cation storage and transfer properties and the coloration performance is needed.In this study,transparent polycrystalline and amorphous WO3 thin films were deposited on SnO2:F-coated glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique.Investigation into optical transmittance in a wavelength range of 400-800 nm measured at a current density of 130 μA·cm-2 with the applied potential ranging from 3.2 to 2.2 V indicates that polycrystalline films have a larger optical modulation of ～ 30% at 600 nm and a larger coloration switch time of 95 s in the whole wavelength range compared with amorphous films(～ 24% and 50 s).Meanwhile,under the same conditions,polycrystalline films show a larger lithium storage capacity corresponding to a Li/W ratio of 0.5,a smaller lithium diffusion coefficient(2×10-12cm2·s-1 for Li/W=0.24) compared with the amorphous ones,which have a Li/W ratio of 0.29 and a coefficient of ～2.5×10-11cm2·s-1 as Li/W=0.24.These results demonstrate that the large optical modulation relates to the large lithium storage capacity,and the fast coloration transition is associated with fast lithium diffusion.     

基于Si掺杂Sb2Te3薄膜的相变存储器研究

采用磁控三靶(Si，Sb及Te)共溅射法制备了Si掺杂Sb₂Te₃薄膜，作为对比，制备了Ge₂Sb₂Te₅和Sb₂Te₃薄膜，并且采用微加工工艺制备了单元尺寸为10μm×10μm的存储器件原型来研究器件性能.研究表明，Si掺杂提高了Sb₂Te₃薄膜的晶化温度以及薄膜的晶态和非晶态电阻率，使得其非晶态与晶态电阻率之比达到10⁶，提高了器件的电阻开/关比；同Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜相比，16at% Si掺杂Sb₂Te₃薄膜具有较低的熔点和更高的晶态电阻率，这有利于降低器件的RESET电流.研究还表明，采用16at% Si掺杂Sb₂Te₃薄膜作为存储介质的存储器器件原型具有记忆开关特性，可以在脉高3V、脉宽500ns的电脉冲下实现SET操作，在脉高4V、脉宽20ns的电脉冲下实现RESET操作，并能实现反复写/擦，而采用Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的相同结构的器件不能实现RESET操作. 关键词： 相变存储器 硫系化合物 2Te₃薄膜')" href="#">Si掺杂Sb₂Te₃薄膜 SET/RESET转变     

Electrochemical potential of intercalation phase: Li/V2O5 system

In the communication, the use of photoelectron spectroscopy in evaluating the electrochemical potentials for intercalation phase (Li/V₂O₅ system) is presented. Two contributions, i.e. Fermi level shift and formation of surface dipole, are the main factors in the change of battery voltage during the Li intercalation. It was found that the formation of surface dipole plays more important role in the decrease of the battery voltage due to the adsorption of Li on the surface.     

石墨/Li（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）O2电池充放电过程中电极材料的XRD研究

利用XRD系统地研究了石墨/Li（Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3）O₂ 18650型锂离子电池充放电过程中正负极活性材料的晶体结构和微结构的变化.已观测到,由于Li原子的脱嵌,使得LiMO₂点阵参数a缩小,c增大,微应变增大,衍射强度比I₁₀₄/I₁₀₁和I₀₁₂/I₁₀₁降低;此外,由于Li原子的嵌入,2H-石墨的点阵参数a和c,以及微应变ε和堆垛无序度P都增加.同时,讨论了活性材料Li（Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3）O₂和石墨在电池充放电过程中的嵌脱锂的物理机理.在充电时,正极Li（Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3）O₂中处于（000）位的Li原子优先脱离晶体点阵,继后才是位于（2/3 1/3 1/3）和（1/3 2/3 2/3）位的Li原子离开点阵.锂嵌入石墨,优先进入碳原子六方网格面间的间隙位置,当负极的堆垛无序度达到一定值后,3R相逐渐析出.当电池满充或过充时,在六方石墨中形成LiC₁₂和LiC₆相.放电时,与上述过程相反,但并非是完全可逆的. 关键词： 锂离子电池 微结构 X射线衍射 嵌脱锂物理机理     

插层化合物LixTiS2中Li离子-空位二维有序结构稳定性的第一性原理研究

根据局域密度近似下的密度泛函理论，用第一性原理方法对TiS₂，LiTiS₂和Li_xTiS₂(x=1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4)有序系统进行了几何优化和总能量计算.将计算结果与已有的实验和理论结果进行了对比，得到的归一化结构参量增量Δa₀和Δc₀随离子浓度单调地增加，与实验结果符合较好.Li_{关键词： x}TiS₂')" href="#">Li_xTiS₂ 有序结构 第一性原理计算 密度泛函理论