Oscillating Casimir force between two slabs in a Fermi sea

The Casimir effect for two parallel slabs immersed in an ideal Fermi sea is investigated at both zero and nonzero temperatures.It is found that the Casimir effect in a Fermi gas is distinctly different from that in an electromagnetic field or a massive Bose gas.In contrast to the familiar result that the Casimir force decreases monotonically with the increase of the separation L between two slabs in an electromagnetic field and a massive Bose gas,the Casimir force in a Fermi gas oscillates as a function of L.The Casimir force can be either attractive or repulsive,depending sensitively on the magnitude of L.In addition,it is found that the amplitude of the Casimir force in a Fermi gas decreases with the increase of the temperature,which also is contrary to the case in a Bose gas,since the bosonic Casimir force increases linearly with the increase of the temperature in the region T相似文献   

Numerical Study on Characteristics of Argon Radio-Frequency Glow Discharge with Varying gas Pressure

A one-dimensional fluid simulation on argon rf glow discharge with varying linearly gas pressure from 1 Torr to 100 Tort is performed. The model based on mass conservation equations for electron and ion under diffusion and mobility approximation, and the electron energy conservation equation is solved numerically by finite volume method. The numerical results show that a uniform plasma with high density can be obtained from rf glow discharge with varying gas pressure, and the density of plasma becomes higher as the gas pressure varies from 1 Tort to 100 Tort. It is also shown that in the range of the gas pressure from 1 Tort to 100 Tort with the slower rate of varying gas pressure, higher density of plasma can be obtained.     

Directional Nanoslit-Bump Coupler for Surface Plasmon Polaritons

We investigate a p-polarized plane wave transmitted through a metallic slit-bump nanostructure using the finite difference time domain simulation. It is found that narrow bumps with suitable separation can diffract surface plasmons into highly directional collimating beams. The number and directionality of the beams can be controlled by adjusting the geometry parameters of the nanostructure. The structure with optimized parameters may be interesting for practical applications as directional nanoslit SPP-light coupler in integrated photonic devices.     

Coupled flexural-torsional vibration band gap in periodic beam including warping effect

The propagation of coupled flexural-torsional vibration in the periodic beam including warping effect is investigated with the transfer matrix theory. The band structures of the periodic beam, both including warping effect and ignoring warping effect, are obtained. The frequency response function of the finite periodic beams is simulated with finite element method, which shows large vibration attenuation in the frequency range of the gap as expected. The effect of warping stiffness on the band structure is studied and it is concluded that substantial error can be produced in high frequency range if the effect is ignored. The result including warping effect agrees quite well with the simulated result.     

A new simplified ordered upwind method for calculating quasi-potential

We present a new method for calculation of quasi-potential,which is a key concept in the large deviation theory.This method adopts the"ordered"idea in the ordered upwind algorithm and different from the finite difference upwind scheme,the first-order line integral is used as its update rule.With sufficient accuracy,the new simplified method can greatly speed up the computational time.Once the quasi-potential has been computed,the minimum action path(MAP)can also be obtained.Since the MAP is of concern in most stochastic situations,the effectiveness of this new method is checked by analyzing the accuracy of the MAP.Two cases of isotropic diffusion and anisotropic diffusion are considered.It is found that this new method can both effectively compute the MAPs for systems with isotropic diffusion and reduce the computational time.Meanwhile anisotropy will affect the accuracy of the computed MAP.     

Simulation of natural convection under high magnetic field by means of the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

The thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM), which was proposed by J. G. M. Eggels and J. A. Somers previously, has been improved in this paper. The improved method has introduced a new equilibrium solution for the temperature distribution function on the assumption that flow is incompressible, and it can correct the effect of compressibility on the macroscopic temperature computed. Compared to the previous method, where the half-way bounce back boundary condition was used for non-slip velocity and temperature, a non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme has been adopted for both velocity and temperature boundary conditions in this paper. Its second-order accuracy coincides with the ensemble accuracy of lattice Boltzmann method. In order to validate the improved thermal scheme, the natural convection of air in a square cavity is simulated by using this method. The results obtained in the simulation agree very well with the data of other numerical methods and benchmark data. It is indicated that the improved TLBM is also successful for the simulations of non-isothermal flows. Moreover, this thermal scheme can be applied to simulate the natural convection in a non-uniform high magnetic field. The simulation has been completed in a square cavity filled with the aqueous solutions of KCl (11wt%), which is considered as a diamagnetic fluid with electrically low-conducting, with Grashof number Gr=4.64× 10^4 and Prandtl number Pr=7.0. And three cases, with different cavity locations in the magnetic field, have been studied. In the presence of a high magnetic field, the natural convection is quenched by the body forces exerted on the electrically low-conducting fluids, such as the magnetization force and the Lorentz force. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the quenching efficiencies decrease with the variation of location from left, symmetrical line, to the right. These phenomena originate from the different distributions of the magnetic field strengths in the zones of the symmetrical central line of the magnetic fields. The results are also compared with those without a magnetic field. Finally, we can conclude that the improved TLBM will enable effective simulation of the natural convection under a high magnetic field.     

Study on UV-light-induced absorption in LiNbO3:Fe, Co crystal

##正##In this paper,the temporary UV-light-induced absorption in LiNbO_3:Fe,Co crystal is investigated for different UV intensities.It is found that the sensitizing process in LiNbO_3:Fe,Co can be considered as a combination of two sub-processes with different time constants.Based on the lattice structure and the photochromic mechanism of the material,the two sub-processes are suggested to arise from electron transfer from O~(2-) to Fe~(3+) through two paths with different distances.The two-colour recording experiment in LiNbO_3:Fe,Co is also preformed by using UV and green light as gating and writing beams respectively.High sensitivity is obtained in the recording,which is considered as the consequence of direct charge transfer from O~(2-) to Fe~(3+).     

Optical switching based on the manipulation of microparticles in a colloidal liquid using strong scattering force

This paper demonstrates the realization of an optical switch by optically manipulating a large number of polystyrene spheres contained in a capillary.The strong scattering force exerted on polystyrene spheres with a large diameter of 4.3 μm is employed to realize the switching operation.A transparent window is opened for the signal light when the polystyrene spheres originally located at the beam centre are driven out of the beam region by the strong scattering force induced by the control light.The switching dynamics under different incident powers is investigated and compared with that observed in the optical switch based on the formation of optical matter.It is found that a large extinction ratio of ～ 30 dB and fast switching-on and switching-off times can be achieved in this type of switch.     

Capillary Forces between Submillimeter Spheres and Flat Surfaces at Constant Liquid Volumes

We investigate the capillary forces between submillimeter spheres and flat surfaces at constant liquid volumes theoretically and experimentally. An iterative method is used to estimate the capillary force with contact angles as the boundary conditions and the constant volume as a constraint. The theoretical analysis shows that the maximum capillary force between them decreases with the increase of the liquid bridge volume at small contact angles. The experimental results show that the force is smaller than the theoretical values at the initial separation distances. It is also observed that the force first increases and then decreases with an increasing separation distance in some cases. These phenomena of capillary forces hysteresis are explained according to the wetting hysteresis.     

Formulae for the electrodynamic interaction of point particles with a substrate

A complete expression is derived for the force and energy of electrodynamic (van der Waals) interaction between a point particle and a planar semi-infinite substrate. The new result implicitly includes contributions from charge fluctuations at all frequencies, the role of finite temperature, of retardation due to finite light velocity and terms due to many-body interactions occurring in condensed media. The point particle may be in a vacuum or suspended in a condensed medium.

The required expressions are deduced from Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz and Pitaevskii's original formula for the interaction of two flat semi-infinite media; the method is checked by using it to derive an intuitive but complete form for the electrodynamic attraction between two point particles. Evaluation of these formulae for application to measurements of particle adhesion and of deflection of molecular beams can be computed from electromagnetic properties of component materials.     

辐射对称金字塔型剪纸的力学行为

通过在弹性薄板上引入切口,构建了多边形辐射对称金字塔型剪纸结构.利用伽辽金法求解的悬臂梁形变公式和悬臂梁组合的方法,创建了用于解释形变过程的"梁模型",得到n个模块的正N边形金字塔结构的弹性系数与结构参数的关系公式,并求出弹性系数线性阈值的表达式,解释了该结构产生平面外扭曲的原因.利用推导的"梁模型"公式,并通过有限元仿真和实验的方法,系统研究了辐射对称金字塔型剪纸结构的力学响应特征,验证模型的准确性,并用于已有报道的石墨烯剪纸结构的力学特征分析.这项工作系统解释了竖直拉伸的金字塔型剪纸结构的力学响应.     

非惯性系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模

研究非惯性坐标系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模. 首先借鉴Euler-Bernoulli梁的几何非线性变形模式,考虑了Timoshenko梁弯曲以及剪切变形产生的几何非线性效应对纵向、横向变形位移的影响,在考虑两个方向的变形耦合项后,利用有限元法对柔性梁进行了离散,采用Lagrange方程建立了柔性梁的动力学模型,首次建立了包含变形二次耦合量的Timoshenko梁的动力学方程. 关键词： 非惯性坐标系 剪切变形 柔性梁 动力学建模     

A HYBRID FINITE SEGMENT/FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT ON A FLEXIBLE DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM

This paper focuses on the dynamic responses of a flexible deployment system that has a central rigid body and four articulated flexible beams and undergoes locking impact. A hybrid finite segment/finite element model and an experiment are presented for the deploy-ment system. The flexible beam components in the system are modelled with the finite segments connected by massless beam elements, wherein the finite segments describe the inertia of the large rotation flexible beam and the massless elastic elements describe the elas-ticity of the flexible beam by taking the advantage of small deformation in the relative co-ordinate system. To model the internal impacts in the articulate joints due to clearances, a continuous contact force model of locking joint is also proposed. The governing differential-algebraic equations of the system are established by the Newton-Euler method with Lagrange multipliers and are solved with the method of generalized co-ordinate partitioning. To accelerate the numerical integration, a “longitudinal constraint” is suggested to alleviate the stiff problem of the dynamic equations. In addition, a physical model of the deployment system is constructed. The deployment is released by the compressed springs in the joints. A position measuring system of linear CCD cameras is used to measure the large displacement of the system. Correlations between the mathematical model and the experiments are also presented. Reasonable results are obtained.     

Capillary Interactions between a Probe Tip and a Nanoparticle

To understand capillary interactions between probe tips and nanoparticles under ambient conditions, a theoretical model of capillary forces between them is developed based on the geometric relations. It is found that the contribution of surface tension force to the total capillary force attains to similar order of magnitude as the capillary pressure force in many cases. It is also shown that the tip shape and the radial distance of the meniscus have great influence on the capillary force. The capillary force decreases with the increasing separation distances, and the variance of the contact angles may change the magnitudes of capillary forces several times at large radial distances. The applicability of the symmetric meniscus approximation is discussed.     

基于绝对节点坐标法的大变形柔性梁几种动力学模型研究

对在平面内大范围转动的大变形柔性梁动力学进行了研究, 基于绝对节点坐标法建立了一种新的大变形柔性梁的非线性动力学模型. 该动力学模型中考虑了柔性梁的轴向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形, 利用Green-Lagrangian应变张量计算柔性梁的轴向应变及应变能, 利用曲率的精确表达式计算柔性梁的横向弯曲变形能. 运用拉格朗日恒等式给出了柔性梁横向弯曲变形能新的表达式, 该变形能表达式更加简洁, 通过新的变形能表达式得到了新的弹性力模型, 由此得到的动力学方程可以精确地描述柔性梁的几何大变形问题. 通过与高次耦合模型以及ANSYS中BEAM188非线性梁单元模型的比较, 验证了本模型在计算大变形时的正确性以及高次耦合模型在处理大变形问题时的不足. 进一步研究发现, 新的广义弹性力模型可以适当地简化, 给出了两种简化模型, 根据不同模型的计算效率以及计算精度的比较确定了不同模型的适用范围.     

Finite sampling interval effects in Kramers-Moyal analysis

Large sampling intervals can affect reconstruction of Kramers-Moyal coefficients from data. A new method, which is direct, non-stochastic and exact up to numerical accuracy, is developed to estimate these finite time effects. The method is applied numerically to biologically inspired examples. Exact finite time effects are also described analytically for two special cases. The approach developed will permit better evaluation of Langevin or Fokker-Planck based models from data with large sampling intervals. It can also be used to predict the sampling intervals for which finite time effects become significant.     

Optical design and active optics methods in astronomy

Optical designs for astronomy involve implementation of active optics and adaptive optics from X-ray to the infrared. Developments and results of active optics methods for telescopes, spectrographs and coronagraph planet finders are presented. The high accuracy and remarkable smoothness of surfaces generated by active optics methods also allow elaborating new optical design types with high aspheric and/or non-axisymmetric surfaces. Depending on the goal and performance requested for a deformable optical surface analytical investigations are carried out with one of the various facets of elasticity theory: small deformation thin plate theory, large deformation thin plate theory, shallow spherical shell theory, weakly conical shell theory. The resulting thickness distribution and associated bending force boundaries can be refined further with finite element analysis.     

Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioning for Finite Element Solution of Inhomogeneous Elastic Inclusion Problems in Articular Cartilage

In studying biomechanical deformation in articular cartilage, the presence of cells (chondrocytes) necessitates the consideration of inhomogeneous elasticity problems in which cells are idealized as soft inclusions within a stiff extracellular matrix. An analytical solution of a soft inclusion problem is derived and used to evaluate iterative numerical solutions of the associated linear algebraic system based on discretization via the finite element method, and use of an iterative conjugate gradient method with algebraic multigrid preconditioning (AMG-PCG). Accuracy and efficiency of the AMG-PCG algorithm is compared to two other conjugate gradient algorithms with diagonal preconditioning (DS-PCG) or a modified incomplete LU decomposition (Euclid-PCG) based on comparison to the analytical solution. While all three algorithms are shown to be accurate, the AMG-PCG algorithm is demonstrated to provide significant savings in CPU time as the number of nodal unknowns is increased. In contrast to the other two algorithms, the AMG-PCG algorithm also exhibits little sensitivity of CPU time and number of iterations to variations in material properties that are known to significantly affect model variables. Results demonstrate the benefits of algebraic multigrid preconditioners for the iterative solution of assembled linear systems based on finite element modeling of soft elastic inclusion problems and may be particularly advantageous for large scale problems with many nodal unknowns.