Measurement of X-ray photon energy and arrival time using a silicon drift detector

Detecting the X-ray emission of pulsars and obtaining the photons' time of arrival are the foundational steps in autonomous navigation via X-ray pulsar measurement. The precision of a pulse's time of arrival is mainly determined by the precision of photon arrival time measurement. In this work, a silicon drift detector is used to measure photon energy and arrival time. The measurement system consists of a signal detector, a processing unit, a signal acquisition unit and a data receiving unit. This system acquires the energy resolution and arrival time information of photons. In particular, background noise with different energies disturbs pulse profile forming, the system can also achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio profile. Ground test results show that this system can be applied in autonomous navigation based on X-ray pulsar measurement.     

长基线定位系统高精度阵型标定方法

为解决长基线定位系统传统标定方法中受垂直方向声速变化剧烈而导致的标定精度差、逐个声信标交汇标定效率低、跟踪定位阶段采用不同声信标基准对目标解算不一致的问题,本文提出了一种高精度相对阵型标定方法,通过水下声信标的互测距信息构建观测模型改进了传统标定方式。理论分析表明,采用该方法水平方向上能够获得与测距等量级的标定精度,有效地提高了标定效率,采用不同的声信标基准目标解算结果一致,在深海作业中优势明显。通过浅水试验结果可以看出该方法水平方向上的标定精度能达到和测距等量级的毫米量级精度,和传统标定方法相比提高了一个数量级,在提高标定精度的同时降低了作业复杂度,采用本文的标定结果获得的目标定位结果更接近于GPS输出,具有良好的工程应用价值。      

Techniques for measuring longitudinal strain in optical fibers

The measurement of longitudinal strain of optical fibers using several optical techniques is discussed. A review of the optical principles used to design each system is included. Each technique is based upon directly or indirectly measuring the change in the transit time of an optical signal injected into the test fiber. Equations are provided relating strain to the change in fiber transit time. Examples of calibration results and cable tests are given.     

基于图像分析的摄像头轴偏量标定方法

针对摄像头在焦距调节过程中,视频图像的中心点在物体上滑移的问题,进行了理论建模分析,将传统的分段测量、曲线拟合的解决方法进行了改进,提出了一种基于图像分析的轴偏量的标定方法,利用矩形图像确定不同焦距下摄像头的轴偏量,并在实验验证中进行了优化处理。结果表明,本方法可以较为精确地标定出摄像头轴偏量,经过修正补偿后的摄像头,轴偏抖动可以控制在视场角的0.6%,可以满足较高精度闭环跟踪场合的要求。     

褶皱管束流能量稳定器(英文)

输出脉冲稳定性的需求对驱动自由电子激光产生的电子直线加速器装置束流稳定性提出了严格的要求,包括电子束平均能量、峰值流强、束团到达时间抖动和横向位置抖动等参数。基于正在建设的大连相干光源用户装置,探讨了最近提出的褶皱管用作能量稳定器的可行性。采用解析计算和数值模拟结合的方法,结合大连相干光源直线加速器的设计,在设计参数条件下能量稳定性至少提升10%。同时提供了褶皱管尾场设计的一般步骤。     

搜索策略改进的波束形成定位方法研究

针对传统时差方法定位精度低和波束形成方法定位效率低的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法和波束形成算法的海洋平台损伤定位方法。通过遗传算法对待搜索区域坐标进行编码、选择、交叉、变异等操作,对波束形成算法的搜索策略进行改进,快速搜索损伤位置坐标。实验证明,与时差定位算法相比,本文方法的定位误差降低了50%;与波束形成算法相比,本文方法的运算时间减少了53%。因此,本文方法在保证定位精度的前提下,提高了算法的执行效率,对海洋平台损伤的实时监测和定位具有一定的实用价值。     

基于遗传算法的传声器阵列位置有源校正研究

传声器阵列的位置误差会导致高精度定位应用场景中算法性能下降,为解决这一问题,该文提出了一种二维平面传声器阵列位置参数的有源校正方法.在校正声源位置已知的情况下,利用各阵元间的到达时间差均方误差之和最小化作为优化目标设计代价函数,根据遗传算法搜索阵列真实位置的全局最优解,从而估计得到传声器阵列的准确位置信息.仿真与半消声...     

基于神经网络的虚拟靶标大视场双目相机标定技术

针对大视场双目相机标定中的精度低和非线性畸变问题,提出了一种结合BP神经网络的大尺寸虚拟靶标标定技术。鉴于单角点棋盘格具有易制作、高精度的特性,构建大尺寸虚拟靶标;利用神经网络的非线性映射能力直接建立角点的像素坐标和世界坐标映射关系;用建立的映射网络对测试样本进行三维重建,并与传统的线性标定方法进行对比实验。结果表明,该方法操作简单,且重建距离相对误差为0.92%,优于传统的线性标定方法,可用于大视场双目相机标定。     

八电极束流能散检测器的计算与标定

针对合肥光源高亮度注入器设计了一种四轴对称八条带电极束流能散检测器(BESM),以实现束流能散的非拦截测量。理论推导了从BESM电信号中提取束流横向尺寸分量的公式。通过对BESM的灵敏度、阻抗匹配、电极的时域频域响应等的分析,确定了BESM的电极张角、半径、长度等各方面的物理参数。通过天线法对BESM进行了位置和四极分量的标定,得到了电中心相对于机械中心的偏移、 BESM的位置灵敏度和四极分量灵敏度等参数。通过对多组电信号和位置信号的处理拟合出了机械位置与对数比电位置信号的相关多项式,并给出了四极分量关于束流横向尺寸、束流中心位置以及它们高次项的经验公式。     

Study of Lorentz violation in INTEGRAL gamma-ray bursts

We search for possible time lags caused by quantum gravitational effects using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by INTEGRAL. The advantage of this satellite is that we have at our disposal the energy and arrival time of every detected single photon, which enhances the precision of the time resolution. We present a new method for seeking time lags in unbinned data using a maximum likelihood method and support our conclusions with Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis establishes a conservative lower bound on the Lorentz invariance violation scale, which is several orders of magnitude below the Planck mass, whose value may however increase if better statistics of GRBs were available. Furthermore, we disagree with previous studies in which a non-monotonic function of the redshift was used to perform a linear fit.     

Inline multi-harmonic calibration method for open-path atmospheric ammonia measurements

We demonstrate a real-time inline calibration method for an open-path ammonia sensor using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 9.06 μm. Ethylene (C₂H₄) has an absorption feature partially offset from the ammonia absorption feature, and the ethylene signal serves as a reference signal for ammonia concentration in real time. Spectroscopic parameters of ammonia and ethylene are measured and compared with the HITRAN database to ensure the accuracy of the calibration. Multiple harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) signals are used to separate the ambient ammonia and reference ethylene absorption signals. The ammonia signal is detected with the second harmonic (2f), while it is calibrated simultaneously with a high-harmonic (6–12f) signal of ethylene. The interference of ambient ammonia absorption on the ethylene reference signal is shown to be negligible when using ultra high-harmonics (≥6f). This in situ calibration method yields a field precision of 3 % and accuracy of 20 % for open-path atmospheric ammonia measurements.     

群速度色散对于纠缠光场二阶关联函数影响的研究

HBT干涉是量子测量中的一种重要手段, 其通过计算光场的二阶关联函数而得到测量结果. 在长距离测距中, 光场的二阶关联函数会受到光纤中群速度色散的影响而发生展宽和平移, 从而在一定程度上影响测量精度. 本文主要针对二阶关联函数半高宽受群速度色散的影响, 给出了半高宽与测量距离与群速度色散系数的关系.     

航天CCD相机焦面位置地面标定方法研究

为了在地面试验阶段准确标定出航天CCD相机在轨成像时的像面位置,提出了一种基于自准直干涉测量原理和调制传递函数测量原理的航天CCD相机焦面位置的地面标定方法。介绍了该方法的原理和实施过程,并以口径1 m、焦距20 m的平行光管标定口径600 mm、焦距6 m的航天CCD相机为例,分析并计算了新标定方法和已有标定方法的标定精度。结果表明:新标定方法的标定精度优于0.006 mm,是已有标定方法标定精度的5倍至10倍,能够满足现阶段所有航天CCD相机的焦面位置的标定精度要求。     

A high precision calibration method for long baseline acoustic positioning systems

To solve the problem that traditional long baseline(LBL) positioning system is easily affected by severe sound speed varying results in low calibration precision, low efficiency and inconsistent position using different references, we propose a high precision array calibration method. We use distances between beacons to build error adjustment model. This model improves the calibration performance of traditional calibration method. The theory shows this method can achieve equal calibration precision with distance measurement precision in horizon. This method can improve the calibration efficiency, solve position ambiguity and achieve high precision especially in deep ocean. The shallow water experiment shows this method has millimeter calibration precision which is equal to distance measurement error. The calibration precision improves from centimeter to millimeter compared to traditional calibration method.The method also decreases the operation complexity. The localized positions are more close to GPS compared to traditional method, which has great application values.     

Long time stability of the energy scale calibration of a Quantum 2000

According to the international standard ISO 15472 the energy scale of an XPS instrument, type Physical Electronics Quantum 2000, was calibrated. It is shown, how the procedures of the ISO 15472 were adapted to the hardware and software design of the Quantum 2000. The long time stability of the energy scale calibration of the XPS instrument was investigated. The instrumented was operated with a satisfying energy scale calibration over a period of 8 years. All the time energy differences between certain peaks could be measured with the chosen precision of the energy scale calibration.     

On Empirical Scrutiny of the Bohmian Model Using a Spin Rotator and the Arrival/Transit Time Distribution

A setup that entails nonuniqueness in the quantum prediction of the arrival/transit time distribution is analysed using the Bohmian model, implying the plausibility of two distinct calculational schemes having empirically distinguishable predictions. One of them agrees with the results obtained from the probability current density based approach that has been suggested for predicting the quantum arrival/transit time distribution.     

摄影测量图像处理的高精度误差补偿法

在高精度的摄影测量中,图像处理精度对整体测量精度起着至关重要的作用,但成像过程中摄像机对特征点图像的离散化采样,会造成图像与原始信号的失真,从而带来图像处理环节的误差。通过对图像处理过程中特征点总能量、能量分布弥散半径和图像处理窗口的特性分析,并以特征点中心位置、提取误差大小和能量密度函数的标准差之间关系为基础,提出一种针对离散化采样的误差补偿法。该方法仅需标定一次补偿参数,适用于所有摄像机和算法,可显著提升原有图像处理精度。实验证明,对于质心法和高斯拟合法,该补偿法可将图像提取精度提高到0.03pixel。     

The TUS Space Photodetector Relative Calibration in Flight

The TUS experiment is aimed to study the energy spectrum and arrival direction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at E ∼ 100 EeV from the space orbit by measuring the fluorescence radiation of the Extensive Atmospheric Shower in the atmosphere. It is the first orbital telescope aimed for such measurements and is taking data since April 28, 2016. During the first turns of operation ∼20% PMTs were broken due to the HV tuning system failure. For the same reason, the properties of the remaining PMTs are changed. Relative calibration of PMT gains in flight was done and presented based on analyzing TUS background data itself. A reconstruction of EAS arrival directions is done using the relative calibration coefficients.

     

一种基于单水听器宽带信号自相关函数的水下目标定位稳健方法

在浅海波导中, 未知声源的本征声线相对到达时延估计是非常困难的. 声源位置在邻域内变化和声速剖面扰动对本征声线相对达到时延的影响是类似的. 基于这种思想, 提出了基于单水听器宽带信号自相关函数的水下目标定位稳健方法. 通过设计邻域位置约束, 构造加权函数, 将宽带信号自相关函数包含的交叉干扰峰值转化为能够改善目标定位性能的有用信息. 该方法不仅不需要估计本征声线的相对到达时延, 而且对搜索网格失配和环境参数失配具有相当的宽容性. 利用典型浅海环境下的仿真数据和海上实验数据(Shallow Water 2006 experiments)对所提出方法的有效性进行了验证.     

The energy calibration of LEP in the 1993 scan

This report summarizes the procedure for providing the absolute energy calibration of the LEP beams during the energy scan in 1993. The average beam energy around the LEP ring was measured in 25 calibrations with the resonant depolarization technique. The time variation of this average beam energy is well described by a model of the accelerator based on monitored quantities. The absolute calibration of the centre of mass energies of the off-peak points is determined with a precision of 2 parts in 10⁵ resulting in a systematic error on the Z-mass of about 1.4 MeV and on the Z-width of about 1.5 MeV.