浅海声速剖面与移动声源的跟踪定位

在水平非均匀分布的浅海环境中,针对移动声源跟踪时,声速剖面的变化会对声场产生影响,提出了一种利用集合卡尔曼滤波算法的声速剖面跟踪反演和移动声源跟踪定位的方法。首先,将声速剖面进行距离和深度的参数化表示,从而将对声速剖面的跟踪转化为对声速剖面前3阶经验正交函数系数的跟踪;其次,通过将声源状态信息和声速剖面信息表示为状态变量,而将垂直线列阵接收到的声场信息作为测量值建立状态-测量模型,然后利用集合卡尔曼滤波方法对模型状态变量进行跟踪。仿真结果得出:声速剖面跟踪反演的均方根误差和移动声源跟踪定位的绝对误差都非常小,对声源的跟踪定位精度很高。并且通过增加集合样本数、增加接收信号信噪比以及增加接收阵元数目都可以提高跟踪定位结果精度。最后,利用东海实验数据对本方法进行了验证。      

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.     

Physical model of acoustic forward scattering by cylindrical shell and its experimental validation

Research on the underwater target scattering can provide important theoretical support for target detection.The scattering model of cylindrical shell is established in this paper.It is found that the forward target strength is much stronger and varies with angles of incident wave less significantly than backward target strength.The received forward signal strength fluctuates with the target moving due to the interference between direct signal and scattering signal,which is most significant when the target approaches the baseline.An experiment is carried out in an anechoic tank to validate the scattering model.The method of acquisiting forward scattering in the tank is proposed.The forward and the backward target strengths are achieved by using the pulse compression technology,and they are about 3dB less than the modeling results.The forward scattering phenomena of quiescent and moving targets are measured,which are similar to modeling results with different target types.     

利用海底反射信号进行地声参数反演的方法

针对现有反演方法的缺点，提出了一种基于海底反射信号的地声参数高分辨反演方法.它利用短距离声源在不同深度上发射宽带线性调频信号，采用垂直阵进行接收，首先通过匹配滤波方法提取多径到达信息，然后利用海底反射损失曲线，反演海底表层的声速和密度，最后利用浅底层反射信号估计沉积层参数.由于海水中直达波受到内波的强烈影响，选择海底表面反射作为参考，用以可靠地计算浅底层反射的相对到达时间和幅度，从而估计出沉积层的厚度、速度和衰减系数.通过海上实验，验证了利用浅底层反射信号反演参数的有效性. 关键词： 海底参数 反演 浅底层反射信号     

高压换流站交流滤波器组相干噪声源声功率反演*

针对高压换流站内交流滤波器组相干噪声源的声功率难以确定的问题,本文提出了一种基于几何声学理论的声功率反演方法。该方法采用可同时考虑噪声源强度和相位的几何声学理论建立相干声场模型,在此基础上构建声功率反演模型,通过寻找使声学模型输出和实测数据差异最小的声源参数（强度和相位）,实现了对相干噪声源声功率的反演。数值仿真和实验数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

The power spectrum and correlation of flow noise for an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body is important for improving the performance of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. Analytical calculation and numerical analysis of the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body are presented and a simulation scheme for the noise correlation on the hydrophones is given. It is shown that the numerical values of the flow noise coincide well with the analytical values. The main physical features of flow noise are obtained. The flow noises of two different models are compared and a model with a rather optimal fore-body shape is given. The flow noise in horizontal symmetry profile of the axisymmetric body is non-uniform, but it is omni-directional and has little difference in the cross section of the body. The loss of noise diffraction has a great effect on the flow noise from boundary layer transition. Meanwhile, based on the simulation, the noise power level increases with velocity to approximately the fifth power at high frequencies, which is consistent with the experiment data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the flow noise received by the acoustic array has lower correlation at a designed central frequency, which is important for sonar system design.     

基于张量分解的简正波模态参数估计

提出了一种基于张量分解的模态深度函数和模态水平波数(统称模态参数)估计方法,解决了传统子空间方法对模态正交性的依赖。利用经距离补偿后声场的平移不变性,将模态参数估计问题转化为三阶张量的规范多元分解(CPD)问题,分解得到的因子矩阵可用于同时估计模态深度函数和模态水平波数。推导了模态参数估计问题下张量分解的唯一性条件,结果表明该方法可在模态深度函数采样向量线性无关的条件下,使用较少的深度维采样和距离维采样实现模态参数估计。仿真结果还表明该方法在距离采样孔径较小时依然具有较好的估计性能。将该方法应用于SwellEx-96实验数据,得到了与实验海域环境较吻合的模态参数估计结果。仿真和实验数据均验证了该方法的有效性。     

波束形成后多干扰抵消方法

为解决常规波束形成后干扰抵消方法仅能从目标波束内消除一个干扰影响的局限性,提出了一种可实现多干扰抑制的波束形成后干扰抵消方法,用于解决多干扰条件下的弱目标波束形成问题.该方法通过最小化多个干扰波束对目标波束的影响,获得用于抵消干扰波束的加权值;然后从目标波束中减去加权后的干扰波束,从而获得抑制干扰后的目标波束。该方法继承了常规波束形成方法的稳健性,因此在阵列流型失配等存在误差的条件下可以用于目标波束形成。仿真和海上实验数据表明,与最小方差无失真响应方法和解卷积的常规波束形成方法相比,该方法可以有效抑制干扰的影响,且当目标与任一干扰方位相近时,其方位谱中可以观察到目标波束,而另外两种方法的目标波束均被干扰波束或其旁瓣所掩盖;与设置凹槽的波束图综合方法相比,该方法算法复杂度低,计算速度快,稳健性更好。      

采用邻域近似算法估计环境参数不确定性

根据贝叶斯理论,逆问题的解可以用后验概率密度来表征,它包含了模型参数先验知识和观测数据信息,反映了反演参数的不确定性.一种快速吉布斯采样算法已经被用于后验概率密度的多维积分运算,但其需要调用大量的声场前向模型,在多个频率或水平变化的匹配场参数反演中,计算量仍然很大.基于邻域近似算法,提出一种比快速吉布斯采样算法更快的参数不确定性估计方法.对低维参数反演问题,邻域算法可以很好地逼近真实的后验概率密度;而对高维问题及其敏感参数,在模型参数样本量有限的条件下,邻域算法很难精确地估计后验概率密度.为了克服以上缺点,并完整地得到反演参数的不确定性信息,设计了一种多步估计方案.数值仿真和实测数据分析表明,多步邻域算法采用较少的计算代价,可获得与快速吉布斯方法相似的估计精度.     

基于拖曳倾斜线列阵的海底反射损失提取方法

在浅海环境中，海底声学参数对水下声场的精确预报十分重要.现有的海底声学参数反演方法大多数是采用固定垂直阵进行的，其缺点是不能实施大面积、高分辨的走航式反演.在已提出的垂直阵海底反射损失反演方法的基础上，研究了基于三种线列阵阵形的海底反射损失提取方法及其特点，提出了基于拖曳倾斜线列阵与三个声源组合的走航式海底参数快速获取方法，并对该方法进行了误差分析.研究结果表明：覆盖同样的掠射角范围，垂直线列阵需与多个距离的声源组合，拖曳水平线列阵只需一个声源组合但需要采用较大的物理孔径，拖曳倾斜线列阵综合了垂直阵和水平 关键词： 水下声场预报 海底声学参数 海底反射损失 拖曳倾斜线列阵